Appendix 1: Definition and interpretation of man-made forests
Appendix 2: Suggestions for classification of man-made forests on the basis of intensity of management
Appendix 3: Comparison of production from plantations existing in 1965 and from current planting plans with projected wood demands
Appendix 4: Symposium papers
Appendix 5: Symposium officers and participants
Appendix 6: Area of man-made forests planted at end of 1965 (thousands of hectares)
The phrase sounds simple enough but has caused difficulty in definition and differences in interpretation. In fact, certain of the natural distinctions between types are blurred and some degree of arbitrary definition is needed. Any final authoritative definition must await the findings of the current Multilingual Forestry Terminology Project which is working under the guidance of the joint FAO/ IUFRO Committee on Bibliography and Terminology and with the comprehensive support of the United States Forest Service, the Department of Forestry in Canada and the Society of American Foresters. Meanwhile some guidance is available from the definitions adopted by the second session of the European Forestry Commission's Working Party on Afforestation and Reforestation (1953), as amended by its third session (1954), as well as existing terminologies such as British Commonwealth forest terminology, Part I and the Society of American Foresters' Forestry terminology.
It seems simplest to equate the definition of a man-made forest with that given for a plantation in the British Commonwealth forest terminology: "A forest crop raised artificially, either by sowing or planting." This could be interpreted to include all forms of artificial regeneration but no natural regeneration. "To regenerate" in English is normally defined as "to cause to be born again, to recreate," which implies the renewal of something pre-existing rather than its replacement by something different. In this sense a forest formed by artificial regeneration can be said to be remade by man rather than made by man.
The different types of forest, according to their means of origin, are:
1. Afforestation. Forests established artificially by afforestation on land which previously did not carry forest. This is the most clear-cut example of a man-made forest and invariably involves the extension of the area of the forest. A clear definition of the period of time for which the land previously carried no forest is needed. " Within living memory " is suitable for areas where there are no records, but " within 50 years " is suggested as an alternative for areas where records exist.2. Reforestation. Forests established artificially by reforestation on land which carried forest within the previous 50 years or within living memory, and involving the replacement of the previous crop by a new and essentially different crop. The change most frequently involved is species conversion, but the use of seed known to be genetically different from the previous crop, for example from seed orchards consisting of superior genotypes demonstrated by progeny trials, would also qualify. Inasmuch as the forest established artificially by man is essentially different from its predecessor, this too is a clear-out example of a manmade forest, though it does not involve any change in forest area. The term " reforestation, " it is suggested, should be confined to this type, to distinguish it from the following.
3. Artificial regeneration. Forests established by artificial regeneration on land which carried forest within the previous 50 years or within living memory, and involving the renewal of what is essentially the same crop as before. Inasmuch as the new crop is essentially the same as its predecessor, this is a forest remade, rather than made, by man.
4 Natural regeneration (with assistance). Forests established by natural regeneration, with deliberate silvicultural assistance from man. In the past, such assistance has sometimes cost more in time, effort and money than certain of the cheaper forms of artificial regeneration. Nevertheless, inasmuch as the source of seed or vegetative reproduction is natural, it seems logical to consider this as a natural (but man-assisted) forest.
5. Natural regeneration (without assistance). Forests established by natural regeneration without deliberate assistance from man. They would include so-galled virgin forests, as well as those regenerated by wholly natural means. They are the most clear-cut examples of a natural forest.
The definition included in the FAO questionnaire distributed to countries in 1966 attempted to draw the line between (2) and (3) of the above types, in order to include as man-made forests all those which involve the creation of something essentially new but to exclude those which are formed by renewal of the same type of forest as before. This seemed a logical distinction and was in line with that made by the European Forestry Commission's Working Party on Afforestation and Reforestation, when it defined artificial regeneration as " restoration of forest cover by planting or sowing in the normal course of management," and reforestation as " restoration of forest cover by planting or sowing, when it has not been possible to effect this restoration in the normal course of management. " Some difficulties, however, have arisen in interpretation. Borderline oases may arise in which it is difficult to determine whether the specific composition of the new forest is or is not essentially the same as that of the previous crop, or whether the management methods in use are normal or not. It seems preferable, therefore, to draw the line between (3) and (4) and to include within the term "manmade " all forms of artificial regeneration. This agrees exactly with the existing simple definition of a plantation in the British Commonwealth forestry terminology: " A forest crop raised artificially either by sowing or planting."
Mixed regeneration systems. Difficulty arises when both natural and artificial regeneration are carried out in the same area. In such oases it is proposed that the deciding factor should be the intended composition of the final crop. If over 50 percent of the intended final crop has been regenerated artificially, the forest should be considered as man-made.
Shape. The term "forest" implies width as well as length and can scarcely be applied to row plantations. Likewise the term "forest crop" implies that a high proportion of the trees are growing in competition with each other in the crop rather than with other forms of vegetation outside it and are thus capable of forming a true forest environment. Row plantations, avenues, etc., in which a high proportion of the trees are subject to edge effect, do not conform to this description. Though unquestionably man-made, they are not strictly forests. Wide shelterbelts a kilometer or so wide, like the green belt at Khartoum, on the other hand, equally definitely are. It is thought that a 100 meters width should be the minimum to constitute a forest. In practice, the importance of row plantations and shelterbelts in many countries often makes it essential that they be considered together with more orthodox shapes of man-made forests, as will be done in the present symposium, but they should be mentioned explicitly. It should be noted that the European Forestry Commission's Working Party on Afforestation and Reforestation defined " Plantations outside tire forest" as "Row plantations (road-side planting, windbreaks, etc.) and plantations in stands associated with a permanent agricultural revenue on the same site."
Stocking. "Forest" implies a closed canopy, at least when the trees are old enough to form one, and hence a certain minimum stocking. This needs to be specified strictly, in order to avoid the fallacious inflation of figures for areas afforested by the inclusion of plantations only 10 percent stocked and largely incapable of making full use of the productive capacity of the site. It is proposed that for young crops not yet thinned, full stocking should mean a minimum of 1,000 stems/hectare or 75 percent of the trees planted, whichever is the less, and with reasonably uniform distribution. Young plantations with 25 to 75 percent survival or 300 to 1,000 stems/hectare should be considered as partially stocked and those with less than 25 percent survival or less than 300 stems/hectare as poorly stocked. The latter should, in many oases, be considered for writing off and complete replanting.
Naturalization. Plantations of exotics are, ipso facto, man-made during the first rotation. If subsequent rotations are regenerated naturally, it is debatable whether the forests so formed should be galled natural on account of their method of regeneration or manmade because they could never exist had it not been for man's active intervention through the initial introduction. In such oases it is necessary to have recourse to a purely arbitrary definition; it is suggested that naturally; regenerated crops of exotics should be considered as "man-made forests" up to 250 years from the date of their original introduction into that area, but that after 250 years the species should be considered as naturalized, when only artificially raised crops could be considered as man-made.
Agricultural versus forestry crops. The logic of the distinction between agricultural tree crops and forestry tree crops is often obscure. There seems no good reason, for example, why plantations of rubber trees are thought of as an agricultural crop, while plantations of tan-bark acacia trees are glassed as a forest crop. It is pointless to try to change distinctions which are now generally accepted by tradition, but it is important to ensure either conformity between countries in the species included in man-made forests for which area figures are cited, and those excluded as being agricultural crops, or at least a knowledge of the differences. As an example, Ivory Coast, has included over 5,000 hectares of Anacardium in its man-made forests, whereas in other countries this may be considered an agricultural crop.
The following categories are suggested, to define the intensity of management being practiced in man-made forests.
|
Management intensify
|
Effective stocking 1 |
Management intensify |
|||
|
Fully stocked |
Partially stocked |
Poorly stocked |
|||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
|||
|
A. Boundaries surveyed and mapped, area known. Management controlled by an official management plan, including prescriptions for tending, pruning and thinning. A system of continuous inventory in operation, providing statistics on past growth and yield, and predictions of that, in the future. |
A1 |
A2 |
A3 |
D. Location, age and species composition known but boundaries are not surveyed nor mapped. Precise information lacking on area and/or on effective stocking |
Effective stocking figures do not apply. |
|
B. As for A, but without any system of continuous inventory |
B1 |
B2 |
B3 |
E. In formation lacking on location and/or age and/or effective stocking. Area estimated on basis of distribution of nursery stock. Estimated conversion factor for effective area per 1000 plants distributed to be given for each set of local conditions. |
|
|
C. Boundaries surveyed and mapped, area known. Age and species composition known. No management plan and no system of continuous inventory in operation. |
C1 |
C2 |
C3 |
|
|
1Effective stoking. For young plantations not yet thinned, the definitions of "full," "partial" and "poor" stocking given in Appendix 1 should be followed. For older plantations actual stocking should be compared with the stocking shown in local yield tables for the appropriate species and age, "full" stocking is then defined as 75 percent or more, "partial" stocking as 25 to 75 percent, and "poor" stocking as less than 25 percent, of the stocking shown in the yield table. Where yield tables are lacking, actual stocking should be compared with the most reasonable estimate of "full" stocking for the species, age and site concerned (which should be stated).
By 1985 world demands for industrial roundwood (here considered as including all wood other than fuelwood) are expected to reach a total of about 1,980 million cubic meters (see attached table), an increase of 925 on the 1962 figure of 1,056 million cubic meters. Production from the natural forests, if maintained at the 1962 level, would contribute around 1,000 million cubic meters to this total, leaving about 980 million cubic meters to be found from other sources.
The area of plantations existing in 1965 (including estimates for non-reporting countries) is about 80 million hectares. Of this about one eighth can be regarded as located in the tropics and subtropics and the balance in the temperate zone. With an assumed mean annual increment of 15 m3/ha/year for the former and 5 m3/ha/ year for the latter, the potential sustainable production of these plantations would be about 500 million cubic meters of roundwood a year.
The production which can be harvested in any particular year will equal the potential sustainable yield only if there is a normal age class distribution. This is far from being the case. A high proportion of present man-made forests consists of the younger age glasses. Not only is the annual age class distribution uneven within the period since planting started, with a preponderance planted in the most recent years, but in many countries the age of the oldest extensive plantations is still far short of the expected rotation age and hence of the final felling which produces such a high proportion of total yield. The bigger the difference between the age of the oldest plantations and the rotation age, the bigger the difference between actual and potential yield. The fact that such a high proportion of the total area of man-made forests is situated in the north temperate zone, where growth is comparatively slow and rotations long, makes the shortfall to be expected in 1985 greater than if the same age glass distribution had been concentrated mainly in the tropics, where rotations are much shorter. To some extent this will be offset by the fact that the area planted up to 1966 will, by 1985, contain no plantations of less than 20 years old, and will thus lack the age glasses which for many species in the temperate zone yield little or no merchantable production. On balance, however, there can be little doubt that the actual production in 1985 will be appreciably less than the potential yield of 500 million cubic meters, and that it will thus meet barely half of the anticipated increase in demand for industrial wood.
The current annual planting program in reporting countries is about 2.1 million hectares, of which about one quarter may be regarded as in the tropics and subtropics and about three quarters in the temperate zone. If the same average MAI figures are applied, the potential annual increase in production would be about 16 million cubic meters. Since age glass distribution is not normal, it follows that the P. 1965 area will make its full potential contribution only when approaching rotation age. If an average rotation of 40 years is assumed, full productivity would only be reached in the year 2005. By then the annual increase in world demand for industrial wood, estimated in the attached table at 58 million cubic meters in 1985, might be around 70 million cubic meters.
To keep pace, the programs from countries that have not so far reported would have to be such as to produce roughly treble the annual production of the reported programs. It may be much doubted whether this is the case. More information on this point is clearly needed.
It seems clear that, over several decades, a substantial part of the increasing demand for industrial wood will have to be met by a further increase in production from natural forests or by the increasing use of wood substitutes. An acceleration of planting rates in the immediate future would, however, enable man-made forests to supply a larger proportion of the increased demands to be expected in the twenty-first century.
WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF INDUSTRIAL WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS 1962 TO 1985 (WOOD RAW MATERIAL EQUIVALENTS OR ROUNDWOOD, EXCLUDES FUELWOOD)
|
|
Annual wood demand |
Annual rate of increase |
Increase in wood demand in one year |
|||
|
1962 |
1975 |
1985 |
1962-75 |
1975-85 |
1984-85 |
|
|
Million m3 |
Percent |
Million m3 |
||||
|
Sawnwood |
587 |
730 |
868 |
1.75 |
1.7 |
15 |
|
Panels |
58 |
130 |
208 |
6.7 |
5.0 |
10 |
|
Pulp and paper |
223 |
443 |
696 |
5.4 |
4.7 |
31 |
|
Other industrial roundwood (not further processed) |
187 |
185 |
206 |
-0.1 |
1.1 |
2 |
|
TOTAL |
1.055 |
1.488 |
1.978 |
- |
- |
58 |
SOURCE: Figures extracted from FAO Agricultural commodities - projections for 1975 and 1985.
Papers
SECTION I. - POLICY
|
1/1 |
PP |
Actual and potential role of man-made forests in the changing world pattern of wood consumption. FAO SECRETARIAT |
|
1/2 |
VP |
La définition du but de la sylviculture. VAN MIEGROET, M. (Belgium) |
|
(2a/1) |
PP |
......................................................................................................... |
|
2a/2 |
VP |
A new approach for the man-made forest in relation to the national economy of West Pakistan. ZAMAN, M. B. (Pakistan) |
|
2b/1 |
PP |
Afforestation programs in relation to national economy (with special reference to North America, Southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Chile). BROWN, C. H. (New Zealand) |
|
2b/2 |
ISP |
The role of plantations in the industrial economy of Zambia. MOSTYN, H. P. (Zambia) |
|
2b/3 |
VP |
La politique d'afforestation au Congo-Brazzaville dans le cadre de l'économie nationale. GROULEZ, J. (Congo, Brazzaville) |
|
3/1 |
PP |
Relation of man-made forests to soil, water, recreation, community development and multiple use of natural resources. BACON, E. M. (United States) |
NOTE:
PP = Position paper
ISP = Invited special paper
VP = Voluntary paper
(...) = Paper not received
1 Originally presented to the Sixth World Forestry Congress in Madrid as Paper No. 6 CFM/E/C.T.I./76.
SECTION II. - SILVICULTURE
|
4a/1 |
PP |
Recognition and mapping of site types for afforestation. RALSTON, C. W. (United States) |
|
4a/2 |
ISP |
Site index as a function of soil and climatic characteristics. CZARNOWSKI, M. S. (Poland), HUMPHREYS, F. R. and GENTLE, S. W. (Australia) |
|
4a/3 |
ISP |
El balance hidrico de Thornthwaite como guia pare establecer analogies climaticas. Algunos ejemplos en Pinus radiata D. Don. GOLFARI, L. (FAO) |
|
4a/4 1 |
VP |
Soil survey and site selection in Zambia SANDERS, M. (Zambia) |
|
4b/1 |
PP |
Planning of species and provenance trials. MORANDINI, R. (Italy) |
|
4b/2 |
ISP |
Eucalyptus in plantations - present and future. PRYOR, L. D. (Australia) |
|
4b/3 |
ISP |
Choice of pines for lowland tropical sites. LAMB, A. F. (United Kingdom) |
|
4b/4 |
VP |
The planning and conduct of provenance experiments. LINES, -R. (United Kingdom) |
|
4b/5 |
VP |
Introduction d'eucalyptus au Congo-Brazzaville. GROULEZ, J. (Congo, Brazzaville) |
|
4b/6 |
VP |
Premiers résultats des essais d'acclimatation de résineux tropicaux au Congo-Brazzaville. GROULEZ, J. (Congo, Brazzaville) |
|
(4b/7) |
VP |
............................................................................................................. |
|
4b/8 |
VP |
Preliminary observations on a young comparative plantation of Populus × euramericana (rode) Guinier on the outskirts of Rome. AVANZO, E. (Italy) |
|
5a/1 |
PP |
Practice and research in nursery techniques in the temperate zone. DE PHILIPPIS, A. and GIORDANO, E. (Italy) |
|
5a/2 |
VP |
A review of research and development in nursery techniques in Great Britain. ALDHOUS, J. R. (United Kingdom) |
|
5a/3 |
VP |
Pinus radiata and its relationship with root symbionts. RAMBELLI, A. (Italy) |
|
5a/4 |
VP |
Preliminary observations on the rooting capacity of cuttings of 20 provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. GIORDANO, E. (Italy) |
|
5b/1 |
PP |
Practice and research in tropical nursery technique. IYAMABO, D. E. (Nigeria) |
|
5b/2 |
ISP |
Mycorrhiza - its role in man-made forests. BAKSHI, B. K. (India) |
|
(5b/3) |
VP |
................................. |
|
5b/4 |
VP |
Les techniques de pépinière utilisées au Congo-Brazzaville pour l'éducation des plants d'eucalyptus. GROULEZ, J. (Congo, Brazzaville) |
|
5b/5 |
VP |
Techniques de pépinière de pins tropicaux au Congo-Brazzaville. GROULEZ, J. (Congo, Brazzaville) |
|
5b/6 |
VP |
Nursery and establishment technique on the Vipya Plateau, Malawi, with special reference to the formation of a man-made pulpwood forest. FOOT, D. L. (Malawi) |
|
5b/7 |
VP |
A review of nursery practice and research in Tanzania. PROCTER, J. (Tanzania) |
|
6/1 |
PP |
Practice and research in establishment techniques. STUART-SMITH, A. M. (Uganda) |
|
(6/2) |
ISP |
.................................. |
|
6/3 |
ISP |
Industrial plantation establishment methods in Zambia. ALLAN, T. G. (Zambia) |
|
6/4 |
ISP |
Taungya in Kenya: the " Shamba system. " FOREST DEPARTMENT (Kenya) |
|
6/5 |
ISP |
Mechanizing forest regeneration in Sweden. SIREN, G. (Sweden) |
|
6/6 |
VP |
The effect of weedicides on the growth of Pinus radiata seedlings. BACHELARD, E. P. and BOUGHTON, V. H. (Australia) |
|
6/7 |
VP |
Technique d'afforestation en exotiques à croissance rapide au Congo-Brazzaville. GROULEZ, J. (Congo, Brazzaville) |
|
6/8 |
VP |
Création des bambusaies à Bambusa vulgaris sur sols de savana au Congo-Brazzaville. GROULEZ, J. (Congo, Brazzaville) |
|
6/9 |
VP |
Influence of plant size on survival and growth of young forest plantations. SCHMIDT-VOGT, H. (Germany, Fed. Rep. of) |
|
6/10 |
VP |
Teak planting in Tanzania. WOOD, P. J. (Tanzania) |
|
6/11 |
VP |
Research into plantation silviculture in Zambia. ENDEAN, F. (Zambia) |
|
7/1 |
PP |
Practice and research in spacing, thinning and pruning. WARDLE, P. A. (United Kingdom) |
|
7/2 |
VP |
Thinning of slash pine in Queensland with special reference to basal area control. BEVEGE, D. I. (Australia) |
|
7/3 |
VP |
A review of softwood thinning practice and research in Tanzania. BOROTA, J. and PROCTER, J. (Tanzania) |
|
7/4 |
VP |
Determining the most profitable thinning grades and rotations for Pinus radiata D. Don. GRUT, M. (South Africa) |
|
8/1 |
PP |
Regeneration of man-made forests. LEWIS, N. B. (Australia) |
|
8/2 |
VP |
Natural and artificial regeneration. VAN MIEGROET, M. (Belgium) |
|
9a/1 |
PP |
Afforestation techniques for arid conditions STONE, E. C. (United States) and GOOR, A. Y. (Israel) |
|
9a/2 |
ISP |
Fixation et reboisement des dunes littorales en Tunisie. BEN AISSA, J. (Tunisia) |
|
9a/3 |
ISP |
La mécanisation dans l'implantation du rideau forestier de l'Oriental Marocain. BENNOUNA, A. (Morocco) |
|
9a/4 |
ISP |
Irrigated forest plantations in West Pakistan. SIDDIQUI, K. M. (Pakistan) |
|
9b/1 |
PP |
Special techniques for poorly drained sites, including peat bogs, swamps, etc. MIKOLA, P. (Finland) |
|
9c/1 |
PP |
Planting program on slopes. OTSUKA, T. (Japan) |
|
9c/2 |
ISP |
Reforestación en zones altas de América tropical. FALLA RAMIREZ, A. (Colombia) |
|
9d/1 |
PP |
The fertilization of man-made forests. SWAN, H. S. D. (Canada) |
|
9d/2 |
ISP |
Man-made forests on man-made ground. KNABE, W. (Germany, Fed. Rep. of) |
|
(9d/3) |
VP |
..................................... |
|
9d/4 |
VP |
Effect of cultivation and fertilizing on potential yield of pulpwood from Loblolly Pine. RICHARDS, B. N. and BEVEGE, D. I. (Australia) |
|
9d/5 |
VP |
Experience with phosphatic fertilizers in man-made forests of Pinus radiata in New South Wales. GENTLE, S. W. and HUMPHREYS, F. R. (Australia) |
|
9d/6 |
VP |
Researches on the nutrient-demands of some species of Eucalyptus. LUBRANO, L. (Italy) |
|
10/1 |
PP |
Tree improvement - its impact on man-made forests. KEDHARNATH, S. (India) |
|
10/2 |
ISP |
The production of improved tree seed in Queensland. SLEE, M. U. and REILLY, J. J. (Australia) |
|
10/3 |
VP |
Tree breeding in Tanzania. VÁCLAV, E. (Tanzania) |
|
10/4 2 |
VP |
Improvement of seed of exotic forest trees for use in Zambia. COOLING, E. N. (United Kingdom) |
|
11a/1 |
PP |
Shelterbelts and windbreaks. OSTROM, C. E. and READ, R. A. (United States) |
|
11a/2 |
ISP |
Cortines forestales rompevientos en la region semiarida de la República Argentina. YUSSEM FAVRE, R. (Argentina) |
|
11b/1 |
PP |
Plantations en alignement. CASTELLANI, E. (Italy) |
|
11c/1 |
PP |
Formes spéciales de boisement - Plantations en ligne, plantations d'enrichissement, rideaux coupe-vent et brisevent. CATINOT, R. (France) |
2 Originally presented to the Sixth World Forestry Congress in Madrid as Paper No. 6 CFM/E/C.T.I./75.
SECTION III. - MANAGEMENT
|
12/1 |
PP |
Afforestation planning at the national and project levels. GRAYSON, A. J. (United Kingdom) |
|
12/2 |
ISP |
Planning for afforestation and planting in Brazil. KRUG, H. P. (Brazil) |
|
13/1 |
PP |
(a) Growth rates, yield and yield prediction, continuous inventory and changes in productivity. BUNN, E. H. (New Zealand) (b) Rotations in man-made forests. FENTON, R. T. (New Zealand) |
|
13/2 |
ISP |
Plantation inventory in developing countries. WRIGHT, H. L. (United Kingdom) |
|
13/3 |
ISP |
The role of nitrogen in the maintenance of productivity in conifer plantations. WARING, H. D. (Australia) |
|
13/4 |
VP |
Croissance et rendement de Eucalyptus sp. 12 ABL au Congo-Brazzaville. GROULEZ, J. (Congo, Brazzaville) |
|
13/5 |
VP |
Mean heights in stands of Norway spruce and Sitka spruce in West Norway. BAUGER, E. (Norway) |
|
13/6 |
VP |
Plantation volume estimates from two stand parameters. STIELL, W. M. (Canada) |
|
13/7 |
VP |
The growth of mountain. ash under plantation conditions. WEBB, A. W. (Australia) |
|
13/8 |
ISP |
Note sur l'accroissement de l'Araucaria angustifolia dans le nord de l'Argentine. GIORDANO, G. (Italy) |
|
13/9 |
VP |
Preliminary observations of the seasonal diameter growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus viminalis. VALENZIANO, S. and SCARAMUZZI, G. (Italy) |
|
13/10 |
VP |
Observations on the juvenile growth-rate of Pinus radiata D. Don. ECCHER, A. (Italy) |
|
13/11 |
VP |
Preliminary observations on the growth of some species of Eucalyptus in the Pontine area. GEMIGNANI, G. (Italy) |
|
(14a/1) |
PP |
.......................................................................................................... |
|
14a/2 |
ISP |
Comparative cost of production of man-made forests up to harvesting in different regions. ENDSJÖ, P. C. (Norway) |
|
14b/1 |
PP |
Records of plantation history: expenditure and revenue accounts. WENDELKEN, W. J. (New Zealand) |
|
15a/1 |
PP |
Diseases of man-made forests. BAKSHI, B. K. (India) |
|
15a/2 |
VP |
Some pathological problems of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Shisham) and their solution. QURAISHI, M. A. (Pakistan) |
|
15b/1 |
PP |
Protección contra plagas. TORRENT, J. and R0MANYK, N. (Spain) |
|
15b/2 |
VP |
Control of the pine processionary caterpillar with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. DE BELLIS, E. and CAVALCASELLE, B. (Italy) |
|
15c/1 |
PP |
The protection of man-made forests from wildlife. HOLLOWAY, C. W. (United Kingdom) |
|
16a/1 |
PP |
Fire protection of man-made forests. McARTHUR, A. G. (Australia) |
|
16b/1 |
PP |
Forest damage as a risk factor in production planning. BRÜNIG, E. F. (Germany, Fed. Rep. of) |
|
16b/2 |
PP |
Protection against inorganic damage - types of damage other than fire. BRÜNIG, E. F. (Germany, Fed. Rep. of) |
SECTION IV. - UTILIZATION
|
17/1 |
PP |
Logging and transport methods in man-made forests. HANSON, A. G. (Australia) |
|
17/2 |
VP |
Chain-saw utilization times of a poplar plantation. CURRÒ, P. and GHISI, G. (Italy) |
|
18/1 |
PP |
Effect of plantation conditions on wood properties and utilization. BOYD, J. D. (Australia) |
|
18/2 |
VP |
The utilization of conifer thinnings from small plantations in Uganda. PLUMPTRE, R. A. (Uganda) |
|
19/1 |
PP |
Utilization of eucalyptus wood. ELLIOT, C. S. (Australia) |
|
19/2 |
ISP |
La culture et l'utilisation des eucalyptus au Portugal. GOES, E. and FERREIRINHA, M. P. (Portugal) |
|
(19/3) |
ISP |
.......................................................................................................... |
|
19/4 |
VP |
Some problems in the utilization of plantation eucalyptus in N.S.W. BOOTLE, K. R. (Australia) |
|
20/1 |
PP |
Utilization of the wood of low altitude tropical pines. HUGHES, J. F. (United Kingdom) |
|
20/2 |
VP |
Exotic -pine utilization in New South Wales. HUDDLESTON, E. B. and BOOTLE, K. R. (Australia) |
|
20/3 |
VP |
Pine wood quality studies in Central Africa: I. Introduction, objectives and materials. BURLEY, J. (Unesco) |
|
21/1 |
PP |
Possibilities of man-made forests for the integration of forest industries. MACKNEY, A. W. (New Zealand) |
|
21/2 |
ISP |
Aspects de l'intégration des plantations de peupliers avec les industries utilisatrices du bois en Italie. GIORDANO, G. (Italy) |
SECTION V. - INTEGRATION OF PLANNING AND FINANCING
|
22/1 |
PP |
Appraisal of national wood production and consumption trends and their interplay with regional and world trends. RICHARDS, E. G. (United Kingdom) |
|
23/1 |
PP |
Planning an integrated forest program. HASTIE, W. F. and MACKENZIE, J. (United Kingdom) |
|
24/1 |
PP |
Feasibility studies and financing of man-made plantation forests. SPEARS, J. S. (FAO/IBRD) |
|
24/2 |
ISP |
Financiamiento de las plantaciones forestales en América del sud. D'ADAMO, O.A. (Argentina) |
|
24/3 |
ISP |
Ante-proyecto de inversion en establecimiento de bosques industriales en zones altas de Colombia. ILLENCICK, G. and FALLA RAMIREZ, A. (Colombia) |
Symposium officers
|
Honorary Chairman: |
FAIRBAIRN, D. (Australia) |
|
Chairman: |
JACOBS, M. R. (Australia) |
|
Vicechairmen: |
BACON, E. M. (United States) |
|
Secretary-General: |
FUGALLI, O. (FAO) |
|
Technical Secretary: |
WILLAN, R. L. (FAO) |
J. C. WESTOBY, Deputy Director of the Forestry and Forest Products Division, represented the Director-General of FAO.
Organizing committee
|
Chairman: |
CREE, C. S. |
|
Members: |
HOLTSBAUM, K. |
SECTION I. POLICY
|
Senior Rapporteur: |
LOGAN, W. E. M. (United Kingdom). |
|
Rapporteurs: |
WILLAN, R. L. (FAO) |
SECTION II. SILVICULTURE
|
Senior Rapporteur: |
MÉTRO, A. (FAO Consultant). |
|
Rapporteurs: |
OSTROM, C. E. (United States) |
SECTION III. MANAGEMENT
|
Senior Rapporteur: |
CROMER, D. A. N. (Australia) |
|
Rapporteurs: |
WATT, A. (United Kingdom) |
SECTION IV. UTILIZATION
|
Senior Rapporteur: |
STEPHENS, E. P. (United States) |
|
Rapporteurs: |
HANSON, A. G. (Australia) |
SECTION V. INTEGRATION OF PLANNING AND FINANCING
|
Senior Rapporteur: |
LESLIE, A. J. (Australia) |
|
Rapporteurs: |
WATT, A. (United Kingdom) |
List of participants
By country or organization
AUSTRALIA
|
Jacobs, M. R. |
Forestry and Timber Bureau |
|
Muncey, R. W. R. |
Division of Forest Products, |
|
Fisher, R. C. |
Secondary Industry Division |
|
Edgerley, M. W. |
Forestry Section |
|
Moore, C. E. |
Division of Plant Industry |
|
White, K. J. |
Department of Forests |
|
Muir, W. D. |
Forestry Commission of New South Wales |
|
Lawrence, A. O. |
Forests Commission of Victoria |
|
Haley, C. |
Department of Forestry |
|
Lewis, N. B. |
Woods and Forests Department |
|
Hopkins, E. R. |
Forests Department, Western Australia |
|
Payne, H. |
Forestry Commission of Tasmania |
|
Ovington, J. D. |
Department of Forestry Australian National University |
|
Pryor, L. D.1, |
Department of Botany Australian National University |
|
Chinner, J. H. |
School of Forestry |
|
Richards, B. N. |
Department of Botany |
|
Cotton, R. |
Australian Timber Producers Panel |
|
Meadows, W. G. H. |
APPM Ltd. (Associated Forests Holdings Ltd.) |
|
Chandler, W. G1 |
APM (Forests) Ltd. |
|
Henry, R. W. |
Australian Newsprint Mills, |
|
Waining, R. F. |
Colonial Sugar Refinery Co. Ltd. |
|
Hall, J. R. |
Plantation Management Pty. Ltd. |
|
Kessell, S. L. |
Messrs. G.N. Raymond |
|
Stephens, C. G. |
South Australian Perpetual Forests Ltd. |
|
Ollerenshaw, S. L. R. |
Softwood Holdings Ltd. |
|
Novacek. F. |
Radiata Forestry Development Ltd. |
BELGIUM
|
van Miegroet, M. |
A.F.D. Bosbouw |
|
George, H. |
Counsellor |
CAMEROON
|
Amougou, J. F. |
Ingénieur des eaux et forêts. |
CANADA
|
Bickerstaff, A.2 |
Program Co-ordinator |
|
Grinnell, W. R. |
Supervisor of Silvicultural Operations |
|
Swan, H. S. D. |
Head of Silviculture Division Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada |
|
Vezina, P. E. |
Professor of Silviculture |
CHINA (TAIWAN)
|
Yang, Bing-Yen 3 |
Silviculturist |
|
Rin, Un-Ching 3 |
Silviculturist |
COLOMBIA
|
Reyes Duarte, H.3 |
Director Ejecutivo |
|
Lozano Figueroa, G.3 |
Jefe de Programa de Repoblaciones |
CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE)
|
Morel, J. |
Conservateur des eaux et forêts |
CUBA
|
Bonilla Cruz, R. G.3 |
Silvicultor |
|
Gonzàles Losada, J.3 |
Técnico en aprov. de Recursos Forestales |
ECUADOR
|
Cañadas Cruz, L. E. |
Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería |
FINLAND
|
Mikola, P. U.4 |
Professor of Forest Biology |
FRANCE
|
Chollet, A. P. |
Inspecteur général des eaux et forêts d'outre-mer |
|
Catinot, R. |
Centre technique forestier tropical 45 bis avenue de la Belle-Gabrielle |
GERMANY, FED. REP. OF
|
Hesmer, H. |
Professor fur Forstwirtschaft an der Universität Bonn |
|
Brunig, E. F. |
Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft |
|
Schmidt-Vogt, H.2 |
Waldbau-Institut der Universität |
HAITI
|
Toussaint, E. F.3 |
Service de conservation du sol et des forêts |
INDIA
|
Kapoor, J. P.3 |
Deputy Conservator of Forests |
ITALY
|
Giordano, G.2 |
Direttore del Centro Nazionale del Legno |
|
Bosia, A. |
Ente Nazionale per la Cellulosa e per la Carta |
|
Castellani, E. |
Direttore dell'Istituto di Sperimentazione per la Pioppicoltura, Ente Nazionale per la Cellulosa e per la Carta, Casale M. (AL) |
|
Eccher, A. |
Centro di Sperimentazione |
JAPAN
|
Akiyama, T. |
Reforestation and Protection |
|
Kotari, K. |
Director, Daiich Co. Ltd. |
KENYA
|
Mbinda, S. C.3 |
Forest Department |
KOREA, REP. OF
|
Lee, Sung Yoon |
Director, National Forest |
|
Yoo, Chong Kun |
Senior forester |
|
Sim, Hung Soo |
Chief of Soils Section |
MADAGASCAR
|
Ramandraitsiory, F.3 |
Station Alaotra (M.B.A.) |
MALAWI
|
Fuller, B. R. |
Chief Conservator of Forests |
|
Foot, D. L. |
Silviculturist |
|
Rhodes, J. F. |
Director |
|
Royan, I. O. |
Head Forester |
MALAYSIA
|
Freezaillah, Bin Che Yeom |
Silvicultural ecologist |
|
Clarke, E. C. |
Silviculturist |
MEXICO
|
De la Puente, J. M. |
Director General |
MOROCCO
|
Berrada, A.3 |
Directeur des eaux et forêst et de la conservation des sols |
|
Bennouna, A.3 |
Service des eaux et forêts |
NEPAL
|
Chitrakar, K. B.3 |
10/474 Kel Tole |
NEW ZEALAND
|
Bunn, E. H. |
New Zealand Forest Service |
|
Allison, B. J. |
New Zealand Forest Products |
|
Andrews, W. |
Kaingaroa Logging Company Ltd. |
|
Barr, N. A. |
New Zealand Farm Forestry |
|
Brown, C. H. |
c/o Director-General, New Zealand |
|
Fenton, R. T. |
Department of Forestry |
|
Jowsey, V. |
Tasman Pulp and Paper Company |
NIGERIA
|
Iyamabo, D. E.3 |
Acting Principal Research Officer and Co-Manager |
NORWAY
|
Bauger, E. |
Forest Research Institute of West Norway Stend |
PORTUGAL (ANGOLA)
|
Albuquerque |
Forestry Officer |
|
Sardinha, R. M. |
Department of Research and Investigation |
|
Sardinha, A. M. |
Forestry Officer |
SPAIN
|
Torrent, J. A. |
Director |
SUDAN
|
Bayoumi, A. A.3 |
Assistant Director |
SWEDEN
|
Häggström, B. |
Kungl Domarstyrelsen Fack |
|
Hagner, S. O. A. |
The Swedish Cellulose Co. |
|
Lindegren, T. S. |
Billerud Co. |
THAILAND
|
Hambananda, P. |
Professor, Head of Department of Forest Engineering |
TOGO
|
Akakpo, K. I. |
Ingénieur des eaux et forêts |
TUNISIA
|
Badra, M.3 |
Sous-directeur des forêts |
|
Hafsia, H.3 |
Institut de reboisement de Tunis |
TURKEY
|
Kayin, N.3 |
Chief of Section |
|
Seren, H.3 |
Deputy Chief of Section |
UGANDA
|
Stuart.-Smith, A. M. |
Conservator of Forests (Research) |
UNITED KINGDOM
|
Watt, A. |
Commissioner for Forest anti Estate Management |
|
Cooling, E. N. G. |
Department of Forestry |
|
Logan, W. E. M. |
Forestry adviser |
|
Wormald, T. |
Civil Service Forester |
|
Hastie, W. F. |
Managing Director |
|
Loweth, A. N. |
Deputy Conservator of Forests |
|
Rahman, A. |
Forest Ranger |
|
Merton, C. G. |
Conservator of Forests |
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
|
Bacon, E. M. |
Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry Co-operation |
|
Bryan, L. W. |
Consulting Forester |
|
Ostrom, C. E. |
Director |
|
Skolmen, R. G. |
Research Forester |
|
Stephens, E. P. |
Director |
|
Stone, E. C. |
Professor of Forestry |
|
Tagawa, T. K. |
Forester |
VENEZUELA
|
Gómez Navas, H.3 |
Ingeniero Forestal |
|
Benitez Laras, R.3 |
Perito Forestal |
VIET-NAM, REP. OF
|
Nguyen Van Tan |
Directeur des eaux et forêts |
ZAMBIA
|
Allan, T. G.3 |
Chief Plantation Officer |
|
Holmes, W. D.3 |
Chief Forest Research Officer |
1 Also representing Australian and New Zealand Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Association.
2 Also representing IUFRO.
3 Participation sponsored by the United Nations Development Program.
4 Participation sponsored by FAO André Meyer Fellowships Program.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
|
Huberman, M. A. |
Chief, Land Use Section Special Fund |
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
|
Bahr, V. J. |
Regional Director |
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
|
Slinn, R. J. |
Forest Research Institute |
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO)
|
Bickerstaff, A. |
See Canada |
|
Giordano, G. |
See Italy |
|
Schmidt-Vogt, H. |
See Germany, Fed. Rep. of |
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
|
Westoby, J. C. |
Deputy Director, Forestry and Forest Products Division Rome, Italy |
|
Fugalli, O. |
Chief, Afforestation Section Forestry and Forest Products Division Rome, Italy |
|
Kim, M. S. |
Forestry Officer, Asia and Pacific FAO Regional Office Bangkok, Thailand |
|
Métro, A. |
Consultant, Forestry and Forest Products Division Rome, Italy |
|
Turbang, J. |
Regional Forestry Officer, Asia and Pacific FAO Regional Office Bangkok, Thailand |
|
Willan, R. L. |
Forestry Officer Afforestation Section, Forestry and Forest Products Division Rome, Italy |
Fields projects personnel (UNDP (SF)/FAO FORESTRY OFFICERS)
|
Barres, H. |
Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences Turrialba, Costa Rica |
|
Dubois, J. L. C. |
Curitiba, (Paraná), Brazil |
|
Hinkle, E. H. |
Taipei, China (Taiwan) |
|
Jackson, J. K. |
Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria |
|
Khan, M. A. Waheed |
Wad Medani, Sudan |
|
Marion, J. |
Ariana, Tunisia |
|
Masson, J.L. |
Kepong, Malaysia |
|
Reynders, M. I. |
Chapingo, Mexico |
|
Williamson, M. J. |
Peshawar, Pakistan |
|
Wolffshon, A. L. A. |
San José, Costa Rica |
|
Wyatt-Smith, J. |
Ibadan, Nigeria |
In alphabetical order
|
Akakpo, K. I. |
Togo |
|
Akiyama, T. |
Japan |
|
Albuquerque Sardinha, R. M. |
Portugal |
|
Allan, T. G. |
Zambia |
|
Allison, B. J. |
New Zealand |
|
Amougou, J. F. |
Cameroon |
|
Andrews, W. |
New Zealand |
|
Bachelard, E. P. |
Australia |
|
Bacon, E. M. |
United States |
|
Badra, M. |
Tunisia |
|
Bahr, V. J. |
WMO |
|
Bailey, F. M. |
Australia |
|
Barr, N. A. |
New Zealand |
|
Barres, H. |
FAO |
|
Bateman, W. |
Australia |
|
Bauger, E. |
Norway |
|
Bayoumi, A. A. |
Sudan |
|
Benítez Laras, R. |
Venezuela |
|
Bennouna, A. |
Morocco |
|
Berrada, A. |
Morocco |
|
Bickerstaff, A. |
Canada |
|
Blight, T. D. |
Australia |
|
Bonilla Cruz, R. G. |
Cuba |
|
Bosia, A. |
Italy |
|
Boyd, J. D. |
Australia |
|
Brown, C. H. |
New Zealand |
|
Brünig, E. F. |
Germany, Fed. Rep. of |
|
Bryan, L. W. |
United States |
|
Bunn, E. H. |
New Zealand |
|
Cañadas Cruz, L. E. |
Ecuador |
|
Castellani, E. |
Italy |
|
Catinot, R. |
France |
|
Chandler, W. G. |
Australia |
|
Chinner, J. H. |
Australia |
|
Chitrakar, K. B. |
Nepal |
|
Chollet, A. P. |
France |
|
Clarke, E. C. |
Malaysia |
|
Cooke, P. T. |
Australia |
|
Cooling, E. N. G. |
United Kingdom |
|
Costin, A. B. |
Australia |
|
Cotton, R. |
Australia |
|
Cromer, D. A. N. |
Australia |
|
Cuming, I. J. |
New Zealand |
|
De la Puente, J. M. |
Mexico |
|
Dubois, J. L. C. |
FAO |
|
Eccher, A. |
Italy |
|
Edgerley, M. W. |
Australia |
|
Elliot, C. S. |
Australia |
|
Elsey, C. W. |
Australia |
|
Fenton, R. T. |
New Zealand |
|
Fisher, R. C. |
Australia |
|
Foot, D. L. |
Malawi |
|
Freezaillah, Bin Che Yeom |
Malaysia |
|
Fugalli, O. |
FAO |
|
Fuller, B. R. |
Malawi |
|
Gentle, S. W. |
Australia |
|
George, H. |
Belgium |
|
Gilbert, J. M. |
Australia |
|
Giordano, E. |
Italy |
|
Giordano, G. |
Italy |
|
Godlee, J. L. |
Australia |
|
Gómez Navas, H. |
Venezuela |
|
Gonzales Losada, J. |
Cuba |
|
Grinnell, W. R. |
Canada |
|
Hafsia, H. |
Tunisia |
|
Häggström, B. |
Sweden |
|
Hagner, S. O. A. |
Sweden |
|
Haley, C. |
Australia |
|
Hall, J. R. |
Australia |
|
Hambananda, P. |
Thailand |
|
Hancock, J. R. |
Australia |
|
Hanson, A. G. |
Australia |
|
Hastie, W. F. |
United Kingdom |
|
Healy, V. M. |
Australia |
|
Henry, R. W. |
Australia |
|
Hesmer, H. |
Germany, Fed. Rep. of |
|
Hillis, W. E. |
Australia |
|
Hinkle, E. H. |
FAO |
|
Holmes, W. D. |
Zambia |
|
Hopkins, E. R. |
Australia |
|
Huberman, M. A. |
UNDP |
|
Iyamabo, D. E. |
Nigeria |
|
Jackson, J. K. |
FAO |
|
Jacobs, M. R. |
Australia |
|
Jowsey, V. |
New Zealand |
|
Kapoor, J. P. |
India |
|
Kayin, N. |
Turkey |
|
Kessell, S. L. |
Australia |
|
Khan, M. A. Waheed |
FAO |
|
Kim, M. S. |
FAO |
|
Kimber, P. C. |
Australia |
|
Kitchener, D. T. |
Australia |
|
Kotari, K. |
Japan |
|
Lawrence, A. O. |
Australia |
|
Lee, Sung Yoon |
Korea |
|
Leslie, A. J. |
Australia |
|
Lewis, N. B. |
Australia |
|
Lindegren, T. S. |
Sweden |
|
Logan, W. E. M. |
United Kingdom |
|
Loweth, A. N. |
United Kingdom |
|
Lozano Figueroa, G. |
Colombia |
|
Lyell, A. J. |
Australia |
|
Mackney, A. W. |
New Zealand |
|
Marion, J. E. |
FAO |
|
Mason, R. N. |
New Zealand |
|
Masson, J. L. |
FAO |
|
Mbinda, S. C. |
Kenya |
|
McArthur, A. G. |
Australia |
|
McKee, M. H. D. |
New Zealand |
|
Meadows, W. G. H. |
Australia |
|
Merton, C. G. |
United Kingdom |
|
Métro, A. |
FAO |
|
Mikola, P. U. |
Finland |
|
Moore, C. E. |
Australia |
|
Morel, J. |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
|
Moulds, F. R. |
Australia |
|
Muir, W. D. |
Australia |
|
Muncey, R. W. R. |
Australia |
|
Nguyen Van Tan |
Viet-Nam, Rep. of |
|
Nicholls, J. W. P. |
Australia |
|
Novacek, F. |
Australia |
|
Otterenshaw, S. L. R. |
Australia |
|
Ostrom, C. E. |
United States of America |
|
Ovington, J. D. |
Australia |
|
Payne, H. |
Australia |
|
Ponticelli, P. |
Italy |
|
Pook, E. W. |
Australia |
|
Porter, H. |
Australia |
|
Pryor, L. D. |
Australia |
|
Rahman, A. |
United :Kingdom |
|
Ramandraitsiory, F. |
Madagascar |
|
Reyes Duarte, H. |
Colombia |
|
Reynders, M. I. |
FAO |
|
Rhodes, J. F. |
Malawi |
|
Richards, B. N. |
Australia |
|
Rin, Un-ching |
China (Taiwan) |
|
Robinson, W. M. |
Australia |
|
Royan, I. A. |
Malawi |
|
Sardinha, A. M. |
Portugal |
|
Schmidt-Vogt, H. |
Germany, Fed. Rep. of |
|
Seren, H. |
Turkey |
|
Shaikh, A. J. |
Australia |
|
Sim, Hung Soo |
Korea |
|
Skolmen, R. G. |
United States |
|
Slinn, R. J. |
South Pacific Commission |
|
Smith, C. G. H. |
Australia |
|
Stephens, C. G. |
Australia |
|
Stephens, E. P. |
United States |
|
Stone, E. C. |
United States |
|
Stuart-Smith, A. M. |
Uganda |
|
Swan, H. S. D. |
Canada |
|
Tagawa, T. K. |
United States |
|
Torrent, J. A. |
Spain |
|
Toussaint, E. F. |
Haiti |
|
Turbang, J. |
FAO |
|
Unwin, P. T. |
Australia |
|
van Miegroet, M. |
Belgium |
|
Venville, C. R. G. |
Australia |
|
Vezina, P. E. |
Canada |
|
Waining, R. F. |
Australia |
|
Watt, A. |
United Kingdom |
|
Westoby, J. C. |
FAO |
|
White, K. J. |
Australia |
|
Williamson, M. J. |
FAO |
|
Willan, R. L. |
FAO |
|
Wolffsohn, A. L. A. |
FAO |
|
Wormald, T. |
United Kingdom |
|
Wren, R. |
New Zealand |
|
Wyatt-Smith, J. |
FAO |
|
Yang, Bing-Yen |
China (Taiwan) |
|
Yoo, Chong Kun |
Korea |
TABLE 1. - Area of man-made forests planted at end of 1965 (Thousands of hectares) - (A)
TABLE 1. Area of man-made forests planted at end of 1965 (Thousands of hectares) - (B)
TABLE 1. Area of man-made forests planted at end of 1965 (Thousands of hectares)- (C)
TABLE 1. Area of man-made forests planted at end of 1965 (Thousands of hectares) - (D)
TABLE 1. Area of man-made forests planted at end of 1965 (Thousands of hectares) - (E)
TABLE 1. Area of man-made forests planted at end of 1965 (Thousands of hectares) - (F)
TABLE 1. Area of man-made forests planted at end of 1965 (Thousands of hectares) - (G)
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS: ha = hectare, - = Nil or insignificant; = Not available, () = Figure known to be incomplete; in particular, totals and subtotals covering regions in which all countries have not submitted data. * = Reduced subtotal or total area of forest land, equal to the total forest land of those countries which submitted reports on man-made forest". 1 Unofficial figure; 2 = Abnormally high figure due to very high proportion of trees in rows or belts outside the forest; 3 = No forecast available. A minimum figure, equal to the area of man-made forests 10 (or 20) years previously, has been inserted. SIECA = Secretaria Permanente del Tratado General de Integratión Económica Centroamericana.
NOTE: Countries where figures are either not available or insignificant: Kuwait, Malta, South Arabia (Fed. of). - Figures for the area of forest land have been taken from FAO. World forest inventory, 1963.
TABLE 2. - ESTIMATE OF FUTURE PLANTING (Thousands of hectares)
TABLE 2. - ESTIMATE OF FUTURE PLANTING (Thousands of hectares) (continued)
TABLE. 2. ESTIMATE OF FUTURE PLANTING (Thousands of hectares) (concluded)
NOTE. See explanatory notes at end of Table 1. Countries with no or insignificant figures: Austria, Ghana, Laos, Malta. Figures were not available for the following countries: Afghanistan, Albania, British Solomon Islands, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, China (Mainland), Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Gambia, Germany (Eastern), Guatemala, Haiti, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Jordan, Korea (North), Kuwait, Lebanon, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Puerto Rico, Rhodesia, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Arabia (Fed. of), South \Vest Africa, Spanish African Territories, Syria, Togo, U.S.S.R., Venezuela, Viet-Nam (North), Yemen, Yugoslavia.
TABLE 3. Area distribution (1965) by species groups (thousands of hectares) - (A)
TABLE 3. Area distribution (1965) by species groups (thousands of hectares) - (B)
TABLE 3. Area distribution (1965) by species groups (thousands of hectares) - (C)
NOTE. - See explanatory notes at end of Table 1.
Countries with no or insignificant figures: Austria, British Solomon Islands, Ghana, Guyana, Kuwait, Laos, Liberia, Malta.
Figures were not available for the following countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic China (Mainland), Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, 131 Salvador, French Guiana, Gambia, Germany (Eastern;, Guatemala, Haiti, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Jordan, Korea (North), Lebanon, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Panama, Puerto Rico, Rhodesia, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Arabia (Fed. of), South West Africa, Spanish African Territories, Syria, Togo, U.S.S.R., Venezuela, Viet-Nam (North), Yemen, Yugoslavia.
