Field Document No. 10

TECHNICAL GUIDANCE ON PEARL HATCHERY DEVELOPMENT IN THE KINGDOM OF TONGA TABLE OF CONTENTS

MASAHIRO ITO
Project Consultant

August 1999

The designations employed and the presentations of material in this publication do not imply the impression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

The Food and Agriculture Organization is greatly indebted to the organizations and individuals who assisted in the implementation of the project by providing information, advice and facilities.

SOUTH PACIFIC AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (PHASE II)
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

(GCP/RAS/116/JPN)

Suva, Fiji

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.   DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATE OF SMALL-SCALE PEARL HATCHERY ESTABLISHMENT IN VAVA'U

1.   INTRODUCTION

2.   FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1   Equipment and Materials Required
2.2   Site Survey
2.3   Estimated Cost for Construction of the Proposed Hatchery
2.4   Plan for the Operation of the Proposed Hatchery with Recommendation for Future Action

Appendix 1.1 - Proposed Hatchery Site and Building Design
Appendix 1.2 - Hatchery Floor Plan
Appendix 1.3 - Micro-algae Culture Bench Plan
Appendix 1.4 - Equipment and Materials Available from JICA Aquaculture Project (Department of Fisheries, Nuku'alofa)
Appendix 1.5 - Equipment and Materials available at Department of Fisheries, Vava'u
Appendix 1.6 - List of Additional Equipment and Materials for the Proposed Hatchery at Vava'u
Appendix 1.7 - Estimated Cost for Construction of the Proposed Hatchery at Vava'u

PART II.   DEMONSTRATION OF PEARL OYSTER HATCHERY

1.   INTRODUCTION

2.   PEARL OYSTER SEED PRODUCTION SYSTEM

3.   MICRO-ALGAE CULTURE SYSTEM REQUIRED FOR PEARL OYSTER SEED PRODUCTION

4.   TRAINING OF MICRO-ALGAE CULTURE

5.   COLLECTION AND SELECTION OF SPAWNERS OF Pinctada margaritifera AND Pteria penguin AND THEIR TRANSPORTATION METHOD

6.   SPAWNING INDUCTION AND EARLY STATE OF LARVAL REARING WITH INSTRUCTION OF FEEDING SCHEDULE, MANAGEMENT OF LARVAL AND ADVISE ON REARING AND SPAT COLLECTION METHOD

7.   CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1   Achievement from the Present Demonstration and Training
7.2   Problems Encountered during the Present Demonstration and Training
7.3   Recommendations for Future Action Planning

PART III.   HATCHERY TRAINING MANUAL FOR THE BLACKLIP PEARL OYSTER, Pinctada margaritifera (LINNAEUS) AND MABE PEARL OYSTER, Pteria penguin (RODING)

1.   INTRODUCTION

2.   BROODSTOCK (SPAWNER) MAINTENANCE

2.1   Conditioning
2.2   Transportation

3.   SPAWNING INDUCTION

3.1   Preparation
3.2   Procedure
3.3   Summary of Induction Procedure
3.4   Artificial Maturation and in vitro Fertilisation

4.   MICRO-ALGAE CULTURE

4.1   Monospecific Micro-algae Culture
4.2   Preparation & Precaution
4.3   Stock Culture (axenic non-aerated culture)
4.4   Starter Culture (axenic non-aerated culture)
4.5   Mass Culture (axenic non-aerated culture)
4.6   Selecting Micro-algae Species
4.7   Preparation of Micro-algae Culture Media
4.8   Counting Micro-algae

5.   LARVAL REARING

5.1   Preparation & Precaution
5.2   Preparation of Mesh Screens & Sieves
5.3   Procedure

6.   SPAT CULTURE

7.   BIBLIOGRAPHY

Appendix 3.1 - Terms of Reference: Pearl Oyster Hatchery Consultant

Appendix 3.2 - Travel Diary, Training Schedule and Daily Activity