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Table 1. Current status of mulberry (Morus species) germplasm conservation in the world
|
Sl no |
Country |
Total species available |
Endemic species |
Total germplasm holdings |
|
1 |
China |
24 |
17 |
2600 |
|
2 |
Japan |
19 |
14 |
1312 |
|
3 |
South Korea |
6 |
1 |
300 |
|
4 |
India |
4 |
3 |
980 |
|
5 |
Indonesia |
3 |
2 |
NA |
|
6 |
Taiwan |
4 |
1 |
NA |
|
7 |
Thailand |
2 |
2 |
NA |
|
8 |
Argentina |
1 |
1 |
NA |
|
9 |
Columbia |
3 |
1 |
NA |
|
10 |
Mexico |
3 |
2 |
NA |
|
11 |
Peru |
1 |
1 |
NA |
|
12 |
USA |
14 |
9 |
NA |
|
13 |
France |
NA |
NA |
70 |
|
14 |
Italy |
NA |
NA |
50 |
|
15 |
Bulgaria |
6 |
1 |
140 |
NA -Data is not available
(Source: Sanjappa, 1989)
Table 2. Geographical distribution of some important species of genus Morus L.
|
Country |
Species |
Total |
Country |
Species |
Total |
|
China |
M.mangolica C.K. Schn. |
12 |
North America |
M.rubra L. |
3 |
|
M.nigriformis Koidz. |
|
M.celtidifolia Kunth. |
|
||
|
M.notabilis C.K. Schn. |
|
M.microphylla Bunckl. |
|
||
|
M.bombysis Koidz. |
Formosa |
M.kagayamae Koidz. |
2 |
||
|
M.cathayna Hemsl. |
|
M.formosensis |
|
||
|
M.laevigata Wall |
Burma and Malaya |
M.wallichina Koidz. |
2 |
||
|
M.acidosa Griff. |
|
M.macroura Miq. |
|
||
|
M.latifolia Poir./ M. multicaulis Poir./ M.lhou Koidz. |
South America |
M.insignis Bur. |
2 |
||
|
M.alba L. |
|
M.celtidifolia Kunth. |
|
||
|
M.atropurpuria Roxb. |
Arabia |
M.arabica Koidz. |
1 |
||
|
M.yunannensis Koidz. |
Oman |
M.arabica Koidz. |
1 |
||
|
M.wallichiana Koidz. |
Sakhalin |
M.bombysis Koidz. |
1 |
||
|
Japan |
M.mizuho Hemsl. |
7 |
Fyukyu |
M.kagayamae Koidz. |
1 |
|
M.bombysis Koidz. |
Hachijio Is. |
M.kagayamae Koidz. |
1 |
||
|
M.teliafolia Macino. |
Miyake Is. |
M.kagayamae Koidz |
1 |
||
|
M.miyabeana Hemsl. |
Aoshima |
M.kagayamae Koidz |
1 |
||
|
M.multicaulis Poir |
West Asia |
M.nigra L. |
1 |
||
|
M.yoshimurai Hemsl. |
Caucasus |
M.nigra L. |
1 |
||
|
M.kagayamae Koidz. |
Persia |
M.nigra L. |
1 |
||
|
M. boninsis Koidz. |
Africa |
M.mesozygia Stapf. |
1 |
||
|
M. viridis Hamilton. |
Sudan |
M.mesozygia Stapf. |
1 |
||
|
M. perubiana Planchon. |
Java and Sumatra |
M.macroura Miq. |
1 |
||
|
M.corditifolia Hemsl. |
Maxico |
M.mollis Rushy. |
1 |
||
|
India |
M.indica L. |
4 |
Bonin Island |
M.boninsis Koidz. |
1 |
|
M.serrata Roxb. |
Peru |
M.peruiana Pl. |
1 |
||
|
M.laevigata Wall. |
Russia |
M.tatarica L. |
1 |
||
|
M.alba Koidz. |
Indonesia |
M.australis Poirt. |
1 |
||
|
Korea |
M.mangolica C.K. Schn. |
3 |
Philippines |
M.australis Poirt |
1 |
|
M.bombysis Koidz. |
Vietnam |
M.laevigata Wall. |
1 |
||
|
M.kagayame Koidz. |
SriLanka |
M.macroura Miq. |
1 |
||
|
M.teliaefolia Macino. |
|
|
|
||
|
Thailand |
M.rotundiloba koidz. |
3 |
|
|
|
|
M.mallotifolia Koidz. |
|
|
|
||
|
M.wittiorum Hande M. |
|
|
|
Table 3. Progressive collection of mulberry germplasm through survey and exploration by CSGRC, Hosur
|
Explored area Zone |
Indian State |
Year-wise mulberry collection |
Total accessions collected |
||
|
I Phase Apr’93-Mar’97 |
II Phase Apr’97-Mar’2000 |
III Phase April 2000 onwards |
|||
|
North-West India |
Jammu and Kashmir |
- |
- |
12 |
12 |
|
Himachal Pradesh |
02 |
10 |
7 |
19 |
|
|
Uttar Pradesh |
66 |
40 |
- |
01 |
|
|
Uttaranchal |
- |
- |
12 |
117 |
|
|
New Delhi |
- |
02 |
- |
02 |
|
|
Punjab |
- |
01 |
7 |
08 |
|
|
Haryana |
- |
04 |
- |
04 |
|
|
North-East India |
Assam |
05 |
- |
- |
05 |
|
Arunachal Pradesh |
06 |
- |
10 |
16 |
|
|
Manipur |
04 |
- |
- |
04 |
|
|
Meghalaya |
30 |
- |
06 |
36 |
|
|
Nagaland |
01 |
- |
- |
01 |
|
|
Sikkim |
10 |
- |
04 |
14 |
|
|
West |
14 |
- |
07 |
21 |
|
|
Bengal Jharkhand |
- |
- |
18 |
18 |
|
|
Central India |
Madhya Pradesh |
14 |
- |
- |
14 |
|
Orissa |
01 |
- |
- |
01 |
|
|
Western India |
Maharashtra |
- |
03 |
02 |
05 |
|
Rajasthan |
- |
- |
31 |
31 |
|
|
Gujarat |
- |
- |
30 |
30 |
|
|
South India |
A&N Islands |
02 |
44 |
- |
46 |
|
Andhra Pradesh |
- |
03 |
- |
03 |
|
|
Karnataka |
- |
14 |
- |
14 |
|
|
Kerala Tamil |
30 |
10 |
- |
40 |
|
|
Nadu |
30 |
24 |
- |
54 |
|
|
Total |
|
215 |
155 |
146 |
516 |
(Source: Annual Report CSGRC, Hosur 2002)
Table 4. Ex situ conservation mulberry germplasm in the CSGRC, Hosur Field gene bank
(Country and state wise representation)
|
Sl.No |
Country |
No. of Acc. |
Indian state |
No. of Acc. |
|
1 |
Afghanistan |
2 |
Andaman & Nicobar |
15 |
|
2 |
Australia |
2 |
Andhra Pradesh |
3 |
|
3 |
Bangladesh |
5 |
Arunachal Pradesh |
5 |
|
4 |
Myanmar |
6 |
Assam |
10 |
|
5 |
China |
52 |
Bihar |
18 |
|
6 |
Cyprus |
1 |
Gujarat |
1 |
|
7 |
Egypt |
3 |
Haryana |
2 |
|
8 |
Spain |
2 |
Himachal Pradesh |
9 |
|
9 |
France |
32 |
Jammu & Kashmir |
22 |
|
10 |
Hungary |
1 |
Karnataka |
99 |
|
11 |
Indonesia |
6 |
Kerala |
66 |
|
12 |
India |
647 |
Manipur |
12 |
|
13 |
Italy |
7 |
Meghalaya |
21 |
|
14 |
Japan |
69 |
Maharashtra |
6 |
|
15 |
Pakistan |
8 |
Madhya Pradesh |
12 |
|
16 |
Papua New Guinea |
1 |
Nagaland |
1 |
|
17 |
Paraguay |
4 |
New Delhi |
2 |
|
18 |
Philippines |
1 |
Punjab |
5 |
|
19 |
Portugal |
1 |
Rajasthan |
5 |
|
20 |
Russia |
2 |
Sikkim |
1 |
|
21 |
South Korea |
6 |
Tamil Nadu |
53 |
|
22 |
Thailand |
11 |
Uttar Pradesh |
129 |
|
23 |
Turkey |
1 |
Uttaranchal |
7 |
|
24 |
Venezuela |
1 |
West Bengal |
143 |
|
25 |
Vietnam |
3 |
|
|
|
26 |
Zimbabwe |
11 |
|
|
|
|
Unidentified |
23 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
908 |
Total |
647 |
(Sources Annual Report, CSGRC,Hosur 20001-2002)
Table 5. Morus species in the field gene bank
|
M. australis Poirt. |
M. teliaefolia Makino. |
|
M. cathayana Hemsl. |
M. nigra L. |
|
M. multicaulis Poir. |
M. serrata Roxb. |
|
M. latifolia Poirt |
M. laevigata Wall. |
|
M. alba L. |
M. rotundifolia Koidz. |
|
M. indica L. |
M. rubra L. |
|
M. bombycis Koidz. |
M.lhou Sirenge. |
|
M.macroura Miq. |
M.sinensis Hort. |
Table 6. Classification of mulberry germplasm in the ex situ field gene bank at CSGRC, Hosur
|
Sl.no |
Genetic origin |
No of accessions |
|
1 |
Selections |
86 |
|
2 |
Locals/Landraces |
347 |
|
3 |
Cross pollinated hybrids (CPH) |
33 |
|
4 |
Open pollinated hybrids (OPH) |
43 |
|
5 |
Triploids |
23 |
|
6 |
Tetraploids |
30 |
|
7 |
Hexaploid |
1 |
|
8 |
Decosoploid |
1 |
|
9 |
Mutants |
7 |
|
10 |
Backcross |
1 |
|
11 |
Wild |
77 |
|
12 |
Exotics |
261 |
|
|
Total |
908 |
Table 7. Mulberry germplasm conservation centers other than CSGRC
|
SNo. |
Centre |
Exotic |
Indigenous |
Other |
Total |
|
1 |
CSR&TI, Mysore |
138 |
188 |
101 |
427 |
|
2 |
CSR&TI, Berhampore |
91 |
210 |
- |
301 |
|
3 |
KSSR&DI, Bangalore |
181 |
170 |
- |
351 |
|
4 |
SKUAST, J&K |
26 |
31 |
18 |
75 |
|
5 |
CSR&TI, Pampore |
33 |
23 |
9 |
65 |
|
6 |
ERRC, Kerala |
- |
71 |
- |
71 |
|
7 |
Bangalore University, Bangalore |
21 |
21 |
10 |
52 |
|
8 |
RSRS, Kalimpong |
12 |
31 |
- |
43 |
|
9 |
RSRS, Sahaspur |
6 |
33 |
- |
39 |
|
10 |
RSRS, Jorhat |
1 |
10 |
13 |
24 |
|
11 |
RSRS, Coonoor |
3 |
18 |
- |
21 |
|
12 |
Padmavathi Mahila University, Thirupathi |
2 |
26 |
- |
28 |
|
13 |
Mysore University, Mysore |
5 |
5 |
- |
10 |
|
14 |
APSSRDI, Hindupur |
- |
5 |
- |
5 |
|
15 |
Other centers |
31 |
45 |
1 |
77 |
