Table 8. Sex expression in mulberry
|
Source |
Dioecious |
Monoecious |
Total Acc. |
||||
|
Female catkins |
Male catkins |
Male & Bisexual catkins |
Female, Bisexual catkins |
Male & Female catkins |
Male, Female & Bisexual catkins |
||
|
Indigenous |
267 |
57 |
24 |
5 |
18 |
75 |
446 |
|
Exotic |
101 |
20 |
10 |
4 |
8 |
28 |
171 |
|
Total |
368 |
77 |
34 |
9 |
26 |
103 |
|
|
Grand total |
445 |
172 |
617 |
||||
(Sources: Ananda Rao et al., 2002)
Table 9. Range of variation in reproductive characters of mulberry genetic resources
|
Parameters |
Source |
Min |
Max |
Mean |
SE |
CV % |
|
Male catkin length (cm) |
Ind |
1.46 |
11.30 |
3.41 |
0.10 |
39.78 |
|
Exo |
1.56 |
6.50 |
3.19 |
0.10 |
26.59 |
|
|
Male catkin diameter (cm) |
Ind |
0.32 |
1.22 |
0.61 |
0.01 |
31.04 |
|
Exo |
0.29 |
1.12 |
0.55 |
0.02 |
32.20 |
|
|
Female catkin length (cm) |
Ind |
0.68 |
9.94 |
2.16 |
0.07 |
61.79 |
|
Exo |
0.99 |
3.07 |
1.82 |
0.04 |
25.39 |
|
|
Female catkin diameter (cm) |
Ind |
0.30 |
1.17 |
0.61 |
0.01 |
29.69 |
|
Exo |
0.28 |
1.10 |
0.57 |
0.02 |
31.73 |
|
|
Bisexual catkin length (cm) |
Ind |
0.88 |
6.13 |
2.56 |
0.09 |
35.22 |
|
Exo |
1.14 |
4.38 |
2.22 |
0.11 |
31.07 |
|
|
Bisexual catkin diameter (cm) |
Ind |
0.28 |
0.94 |
0.55 |
0.02 |
28.74 |
|
Exo |
0.34 |
0.89 |
0.55 |
0.02 |
24.04 |
|
|
No. of flower/catkin (Male) |
Ind |
18.33 |
171.00 |
46.21 |
1.40 |
40.05 |
|
Exo |
20.00 |
62.00 |
38.13 |
1.41 |
29.95 |
|
|
No. of flower/catkin (Female) |
Ind |
0.92 |
334.00 |
44.08 |
1.76 |
76.43 |
|
Exo |
16.00 |
83.00 |
38.80 |
0.99 |
30.31 |
|
|
No. of flower/catkin (Bisexual) |
Ind |
8.11 |
69.33 |
33.91 |
0.98 |
29.34 |
|
Exo |
13.33 |
49.00 |
30.20 |
1.27 |
27.23 |
|
|
Stamen length (mm) |
Ind |
0.97 |
6.84 |
3.56 |
0.06 |
22.43 |
|
Exo |
0.91 |
5.28 |
3.37 |
0.10 |
23.43 |
|
|
Anther length (mm) |
Ind |
0.44 |
1.62 |
0.99 |
0.01 |
19.34 |
|
Exo |
0.43 |
1.36 |
0.93 |
0.02 |
20.69 |
|
|
Pollen diameter (µm) |
Ind |
14.17 |
31.00 |
19.84 |
0.26 |
17.34 |
|
Exo |
14.17 |
28.86 |
18.11 |
0.35 |
15.74 |
|
|
Pollen viability (%) |
Ind |
55.21 |
99.90 |
92.60 |
0.53 |
7.56 |
|
Exo |
79.40 |
99.72 |
93.90 |
0.60 |
5.16 |
|
|
Style length (mm) |
Ind |
0.01 |
1.98 |
0.50 |
0.02 |
58.45 |
|
Exo |
0.06 |
1.91 |
0.49 |
0.03 |
67.08 |
|
|
Stigma length (mm) |
Ind |
1.14 |
9.73 |
3.96 |
0.07 |
32.93 |
|
Exo |
1.30 |
7.28 |
3.81 |
0.09 |
28.49 |
|
|
Fruit length (cm) |
Ind |
0.91 |
13.00 |
2.67 |
0.08 |
54.83 |
|
Exo |
1.03 |
4.52 |
2.46 |
0.05 |
23.02 |
|
|
Fruit diameter (cm) |
Ind |
0.39 |
1.92 |
0.92 |
0.01 |
24.64 |
|
Exo |
0.52 |
1.38 |
0.95 |
0.02 |
20.81 |
|
|
Fruit weight (g) |
Ind |
0.10 |
7.21 |
1.07 |
0.05 |
91.72 |
|
Exo |
0.10 |
2.61 |
0.85 |
0.04 |
59.34 |
Ind-Indigenous, Exo-Exotic
Table 10. Range of variation in leaf histological characters of mulberry genetic resources
|
PARAMETER |
Source |
Min |
Max |
Mean |
SE |
CV % |
|
Stomatal size (sq.µm) |
Exo |
123.53 |
541.26 |
261.09 |
5.09 |
25.66 |
|
Ind |
142.86 |
787.96 |
293.44 |
3.92 |
28.47 |
|
|
Stomatal frequency/Sq.mm |
Exo |
329.00 |
1333.00 |
683.76 |
14.59 |
28.06 |
|
Ind |
277.31 |
1242 |
660.19 |
7.57 |
24.47 |
|
|
Idioblast length (µm) |
Exo |
1.91 |
81.23 |
10.21 |
0.62 |
79.65 |
|
Ind |
1.89 |
100.00 |
12.07 |
0.55 |
97.63 |
|
|
Idioblast diameter (µm) |
Exo |
8.43 |
46.98 |
21.05 |
0.50 |
31.20 |
|
Ind |
7.49 |
70.88 |
22.00 |
0.39 |
38.00 |
|
|
Idioblast frequency/Sq.mm |
Exo |
8.00 |
39.00 |
17.08 |
0.41 |
31.38 |
|
Ind |
7.00 |
74.00 |
17.96 |
0.28 |
33.55 |
|
|
Palisade thickness (µm) |
Exo |
33.33 |
107.66 |
59.85 |
1.10 |
24.15 |
|
Ind |
18.22 |
104.6 |
55.11 |
0.59 |
22.65 |
|
|
Spongy thickness (µm) |
Exo |
35.25 |
106.13 |
63.13 |
0.97 |
20.20 |
|
Ind |
25.92 |
173.18 |
65.52 |
0.73 |
23.76 |
|
|
Upper cuticular thickness (µm) |
Exo |
2.02 |
12.15 |
6.59 |
0.16 |
30.97 |
|
Ind |
2.02 |
10.92 |
6.37 |
0.10 |
32.00 |
|
|
Lower cuticular thickness (µm) |
Exo |
1.01 |
7.28 |
3.68 |
0.11 |
39.26 |
|
Ind |
0.81 |
10.24 |
3.56 |
0.08 |
47.06 |
|
|
Upper epidermal thickness (µm) |
Exo |
10.23 |
45.98 |
24.12 |
0.51 |
27.98 |
|
Ind |
7.07 |
49.81 |
23.13 |
0.30 |
28.02 |
|
|
Lower epidermal thickness (µm) |
Exo |
3.62 |
24.71 |
9.02 |
0.20 |
29.71 |
|
Ind |
2.02 |
25.29 |
8.73 |
0.13 |
32.2 |
|
|
Leaf thickness (µm) (µm) |
Exo |
99.71 |
283.52 |
166.39 |
2.04 |
16.15 |
|
Ind |
83.62 |
340.89 |
162.37 |
1.30 |
17.08 |
|
|
Palisade/spongy ratio |
Exo |
0.54 |
2.39 |
0.97 |
0.02 |
27.52 |
|
Ind |
0.40 |
3.03 |
0.87 |
0.01 |
29.18 |
|
|
No. of chloroplast/stomatal guard cell |
Exo |
9.00 |
20.00 |
10.94 |
0.12 |
14.90 |
|
Ind |
8.00 |
33.00 |
10.99 |
0.11 |
21.2 |
Table 11. Range of variation in growth and yield attributes of mulberry genetic resources
|
Growth attributes |
Source |
Min. |
Max. |
Mean |
SE ± |
CV% |
|
No. of shoots/plants |
Ind |
2.17 |
53.67 |
22.05 |
0.44 |
42.80 |
|
Exo |
2.00 |
66.00 |
15.24 |
0.84 |
72.45 |
|
|
Longest shoot length (cm) |
Ind |
52.17 |
248.83 |
151.54 |
1.41 |
19.79 |
|
Exo |
23.67 |
242.67 |
133.12 |
3.32 |
32.82 |
|
|
Total shoot length (cm) |
Ind |
190.67 |
6852.00 |
2240.69 |
54.47 |
51.84 |
|
Exo |
42.33 |
6586.33 |
1507.79 |
101.13 |
88.22 |
|
|
Internodal distance (cm) |
Ind |
2.68 |
10.64 |
5.08 |
0.06 |
22.96 |
|
Exo |
2.51 |
7.45 |
4.76 |
0.09 |
23.83 |
|
|
Lamina length (cm) |
Ind |
8.14 |
36.53 |
17.23 |
0.20 |
25.18 |
|
Exo |
8.59 |
34.05 |
18.86 |
0.31 |
21.61 |
|
|
Lamina breadth (cm) |
Ind |
5.54 |
27.74 |
13.41 |
0.18 |
27.94 |
|
Exo |
6.57 |
29.15 |
15.20 |
0.28 |
23.83 |
|
|
Weight of largest leaf (gm) |
Ind |
0.59 |
18.09 |
4.56 |
0.13 |
60.72 |
|
Exo |
1.00 |
18.12 |
6.11 |
0.21 |
45.48 |
|
|
100 leaf wt. (g) |
Ind |
51.82 |
1352.26 |
350.410 |
10.11 |
61.56 |
|
Exo |
78.48 |
1311.32 |
464.42 |
17.33 |
49.10 |
|
|
Leaf yield/plant (Kg) |
Ind |
0.15 |
5.08 |
1.49 |
0.04 |
59.39 |
|
Exo |
0.07 |
6.79 |
1.18 |
0.07 |
81.61 |
|
|
Leaf shoot ratio |
Ind |
0.32 |
3.51 |
1.28 |
0.02 |
27.71 |
|
Exo |
0.80 |
5.93 |
1.80 |
0.08 |
55.95 |
|
|
Total Biomass (kg) |
Ind |
0.26 |
9.29 |
2.75 |
0.08 |
59.78 |
|
Exo |
0.11 |
12.34 |
2.10 |
0.14 |
86.52 |
|
|
Total moisture content (%) |
Ind |
53.58 |
76.20 |
68.60 |
0.14 |
4.39 |
|
Exo |
61.19 |
86.63 |
70.28 |
0.24 |
4.61 |
|
|
Moisture retention capacity (%) |
Ind |
15.78 |
85.83 |
61.99 |
0.56 |
19.31 |
|
Exo |
26.80 |
88.56 |
68.27 |
0.68 |
13.17 |
Table 12. List of popular mulberry varieties under cultivation
|
Year |
Cultivars |
Genetic origin |
|
1950 |
Kajili, Mysore local and Shatuat, Sultanikaddi |
Local land races of Morus indica |
|
Goshoerami, Tsukagaguawa and Japanese graft |
Morus latifolia introductions from Japan |
|
|
1960 |
Matigara black and Sujanpuri |
Local land races of Morus indica |
|
1970 |
Kanva- 2 (M-5) |
OPH Mysore local (Morus indica) |
|
Mandalaya |
Morus alba, Introduction from Burma |
|
|
Chak majra |
Selection of Morus indica |
|
|
1980 |
S-34 |
Morus indica selecton |
|
MR- 2 |
Selection of Morus sinensis |
|
|
Berhampore local |
Local landrace of Morus indica |
|
|
S-54, S-36, S30 and S-41 |
Mutants of Berhampore local (Morus indica) |
|
|
Kosen |
Morus latifolia Introduction from Japan |
|
|
TR-4 and TR-10 |
Triploids between Morus indica x Morus alba |
|
|
Berhampore S1 |
Selection from Mandalaya (Morus alba, Introduction from Burma) |
|
|
BC-2-59 |
Back cross, Matigara black (Morus indica) x Kosen (Morus latifloia) |
|
|
S-146 |
Selection |
|
|
Chinese White |
Introduction from china |
|
|
1990 |
S-13 |
OPH selection (Mixed pollen) |
|
S-799 |
Selection |
|
|
C-763 and C-776 |
CPH of Morus multicaulis x Black cherry (Morus indica) |
|
|
Ichinose |
Introduction from Japan |
|
|
Kenmochi |
Introduction from Japan (Morus bombysis) |
|
|
1995 |
DD (Viswa) |
Clonal selection of Dehradun local |
|
S1635 |
Tripoloid of CSRS |
|
|
RFS-135 and RFS-175 |
Selections for rain fed |
|
|
C-1730 |
T 25 x S 162 (M.india, Triploid) |
|
|
S-1708 |
Triploid (OPH selection from CSRS |
|
|
V1 |
CPH of S30 x C776 (Morus india x Morus multicaulis) |
(Source: Dandin, 1997)
Table 13: Supply of mulberry germplasm for utilization
|
Sl. No. |
Supplied to |
Date |
No. of acc. |
Utilization |
|
|
Ind. |
Exotic |
||||
|
1 |
TNAU, Coimbatore |
16-06-1997 |
12 |
01 |
Academic purpose |
| |
28-06-2000 |
01 |
11 |
|
|
|
2 |
UAS, Dharwad |
16-06-1997 |
06 |
01 |
Research purpose |
| |
19-06-1997 |
08 |
- |
- do - |
|
|
3 |
UAS, Bangalore |
27-06-1997 |
08 |
01 |
- do - |
|
4 |
DOS, Tamil Nadu |
02-10-1997 |
01 |
02- |
Maintenance |
|
5 |
Bangalore University |
02-01-1997 |
02 |
02 |
Research purpose |
|
31-08-1999 |
08 |
- |
- do - |
||
|
15-12-1999 |
02 |
01 |
- do - |
||
|
02-05-2001 |
04 |
01 |
Bio park |
||
|
6 |
NBRI, Lucknow |
28-12-1999 |
15 |
15 |
Molecular research |
|
09-08-2000 |
20 |
23 |
- do - |
||
|
7 |
KSSRDI, Thalghattapura Bangalore. |
06-03-2000 |
04 |
16 |
Maintenance & research |
|
8 |
CSR&TI, Pampore |
15-04-1999 |
- |
01 |
Maintenance |
|
22-03-1999 |
- |
04 |
- do - |
||
|
9 |
CSR&TI, Berhampore |
10-02-1999 |
02 |
- |
Research purpose |
|
09-06-2000 |
07 |
- |
- do - |
||
|
10 |
CSR&TI, Mysore |
13-06-2000 |
04 |
- |
- do - |
|
11 |
APSSRDI, Hindupur |
01-07-2000 |
05 |
- |
- do - |
|
12 |
Delhi University |
26-09-2000 |
03 |
- |
- do - |
|
13 |
NSSP, Dharmapura |
26-06-2001 |
11 |
01 |
Maintenance |
|
14 |
RSRS, Sahaspur |
21-12-2001 |
19 |
01 |
Live Museum |
|
15 |
RSRS, Jammu |
20-12-2001 |
18 |
01 |
- do - |
|
16 |
RSRS, Jorhat |
08-06-2001 |
24 |
- |
For multilocation trial at all 7-networking units of CSGRC. |
|
16-10-2001 |
10 |
- |
|
||
|
17 |
RSRS, Sahaspur |
15-06-2001 |
11 |
- |
|
|
21-12-2001 |
11 |
- |
|
||
|
18 |
CSR&TI, Mysore |
18-06-2001 |
24 |
- |
|
|
19 |
CSR&TI, Pampore |
17-02-2001 |
- |
24 |
|
|
20-12-2001 |
- |
24 |
|
||
|
20 |
CSR&TI, Berhampore |
09-08-2001 |
24 |
- |
|
|
19-11-2001 |
05 |
- |
|
||
|
21 |
RSRS, Jammu |
18-06-2001 |
22 |
- |
|
|
20-12-2001 |
10 |
- |
|
||
|
22 |
RSRS, Coonoor |
08-01-2002 |
- |
24 |
|
|
TOTAL |
141 |
72 |
|
||
(Source: Annual report CSGRC, Hosur 2002)
Table 14. List of promising accessions for growth attributes of mulberry
|
Parameters |
Source |
Range |
Accessions |
|
No. of branches |
Ind |
53.67- 45.83 |
MI-224, 120, 214, 346, 384 |
|
Exo |
66.00 - 42.00 |
ME-65, 156, 167, 174, 33 |
|
|
Internodal distance (cm) |
Ind |
2.68 - 2.98 |
MI-272, 352, 250, 278, 271 |
|
Exo |
2.51 - 2.79 |
ME-108, 79, 139, 177, 76 |
|
|
Hundred leaf wt.(g(µm)) |
Ind |
1352.26 - 1093.02 |
MI-351, 390, 387, 392, 383 |
|
Exo |
1311.32 - 1069.83 |
ME-180, 140, 36, 15, 11 |
|
|
Total shoot length (cm) |
Ind |
6852.00 - 5762.00 |
MI-29,224, 214, 346, 235 |
|
Exo |
6586.33 - 5662.17 |
ME-65, 174, 156, 179, 167 |
|
|
Leaf yield/plant (Kg) |
Ind |
5.08 - 4.17 |
MI-254, 225, 246, 252, 29 |
|
Exo |
6.79 - 3.41 |
ME-169 179, 142, 151, 160 |
|
|
Leaf shoot ratio |
Ind |
3.51 - 2.68 |
MI-157, 153, 166, 208,162 |
|
Exo |
5.93 - 4.75 |
ME-102, 76, 91, 105, 79 |
|
|
Moisture content (%) |
Ind |
76.20- 75.86 |
MI-215, 420, 342, 208, 250 |
|
Exo |
86.63 - 75.60 |
ME-108, 141, 101, 102, 109 |
|
|
Moisture retention capacity (%) |
Ind |
85.83 - 81.58 |
MI-252, 364, 365, 241, 419 |
|
Exo |
88.56 - 84.65 |
MI-108, 73, 149, 101, 168 |
|
|
Longest shoot length (cm) |
Ind |
248.83- 215.33 |
MI-290, 257, 237, 7, 224 |
|
Exo |
242.67 - 228.67 |
ME-73, 174, 107, 179, 100 |
|
|
Total biomass (kg) |
Ind |
9.29 - 7.89 |
MI-254, 225, 29, 246, 252 |
|
Exo |
12.34 - 6.24 |
ME-169, 179, 142, 151, 174 |
