Variations in definitions, however minor they may be, have the capacity and likelihood of providing divergent outcomes. The definitions are therefore key stones of any information and knowledge system. The definitions draw contextual and conceptual boundaries around various subsets of a set as well as around the elements of the subsets or set. The efficiency of definition in any given context, depends on its ability to contain the rest (subset or elements) from intruding into the boundary. The description of parameters of these boundaries constitute the definition.
In “forest related context” , definitions draw boundaries around various the set or subsets of extent, structure or characteristics, stocks, goods, services, management and use of forest resources. The context usually includes conditions like environmental, ecological, landscape, administrative, silvicultural, and legal frame works in which forests reside.
The global forest resource assessments have always provided the set of definitions as a basis of their information content. The development of such set of definitions is necessary for producing compatible information across countries and time and to facilitate harmonization (improved comparability, compatibility and consistency between definitions) of information with other international agencies and processes.
This section provides the terms and definitions for FRA 2005 with notes to further explain and elaborate them. The notes also indicate the number of Global Reporting Table to which the term is related and its compatibility with other probable users e.g. IUCN and IPCC.
Definition
The biomass, expressed as oven-dry weight (including or excluding bark), of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees excluding stump and roots.
Explanatory Note:
1. Excludes smaller branches, twigs, foliage, flowers, seeds, stumps and roots.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table 6 of FRA 2005.
3. The biomass, derived from volume (growing stock) data, is above ground living biomass.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IPCC.
Definition
The area of “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” where insect attack or disease or fire is the primary cause of “forest disturbance” or damage.
(Adapted from TBRFA 2000)
Explanatory Note:
1. This term is related to Global Reporting Table8 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The area of a country is its area figure maintained by the United Nations Statistical Division, New York.
Explanatory Note:
1. For FRA 2005, it is the total of the areas under “Forests”, “Other Wooded Lands”, “Other Land with Trees”, “Other Land”, and Inland Water Bodies.
3. This term is related to Global Reporting Table1 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The natural regeneration with human assistance through removal of external pressures, such as weeds and biotic interference and sometimes application of controlled disturbances to trigger germination of native species such as mosaic and or ecological burns or preparation of the germination site, enabling the inherent resilience of the site to naturally regenerate the native species.
Explanatory Note:
1. This term is related to Global Reporting Table4 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The mass, expressed as oven-dry weight of below ground woody parts (all roots greater than 2 mm in diameter or any other diameter (X cm) used by the country) of all living trees.
Explanatory Notes:
1. This term is related to Global Reporting Table6 for FRA 2005.
2. The countries need to provide information on the diameter (X cm) above which all roots in the ground have been measured.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IPCC.
Definition
The variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
(Source: www.unep-wcmc.org/reception/glossaryA-E.htm)
Explanatory Notes
1. The FRA 2005 considers “inventoried forest tree species”.
2. This term is related to Reporting TableT3, T11 and T12 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term is compatible with current work under IUCN, CBD and UNEP-WCMC.
Definition
A forests is broadleaved if more than, seventy five percent (or any other ( X %) percent used by the country for this classification) of the tree cover consists of broadleaved forest tree species.
(Source: Based on TBFRA 2000)
Explanatory Note:
1. In case countries use a percent (X %) other than 75 percent to classify a forest as broadleaved, the same may be indicated in the national definitions.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table10 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term and the definition are compatible with other international processes.
Definition
The carbon content in the “Above Ground Tree Biomass”.
Explanatory Note:
1. Carbon content is derived from the estimates of oven dry weight of biomass by using conversion factors. The carbon content of the biomass varies according to plant parts, species and site, therefore, it is recommended to use specific conversion factors whenever they exist. In case, no such specific factors are available then countries may like use default global value of 50% as mentioned in the IPCC Guidelines.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table7 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The definition is compatible with current work under IPCC.
Definition
The carbon content in the “Below Ground Tree Biomass”.
Explanatory Note:
1. Carbon content is derived from the estimates of oven dry weight of biomass by using conversion factors. The carbon content of the biomass varies according to plant parts, species and site, therefore, it is recommended to use specific conversion factors whenever they exist. In case, no such specific factors are available then countries may like use default global value of 50% as mentioned in the IPCC Guidelines.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table7 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term and the definition are compatible with current work under IPCC.
Definition
The carbon content in the “Above Ground Dead Wood Biomass”.
Explanatory Note:
1. Carbon content is derived from the estimates of oven dry weight of biomass by using conversion factors. The carbon content of the biomass varies according to plant parts, species and site, therefore, it is recommended to use specific conversion factors whenever they exist. In case, no such specific factors are available then countries may like use default global value of 50% as mentioned in the IPCC Guidelines.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table7 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term and the definition are compatible with current work under IPCC.
Definition
The carbon content in the “Above Ground Litter Biomass”.
Explanatory Note:
1. This term is related to Reporting Table7 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term and the definition are compatible with current work under IPCC.
Definition
The carbon content in the “Woody Biomass”.
Explanatory Note:
1. Carbon content is derived from the estimates of oven dry weight of biomass by using conversion factors. The carbon content of the biomass varies according to plant parts, species and site, therefore, it is recommended to use specific conversion factors whenever they exist. In case, no such specific factors are available then countries may like use default global value of 50% as mentioned in the IPCC Guidelines.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table7 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term and the definition are compatible with current work under IPCC.
Definition
The part of the growing stock of species, considered as actually or potentially commercial under current market conditions, measured above a minimum say “X cm” diameter at breast height. Includes: all potentially commercial (merchantable) species for domestic or international markets.
Explanatory Notes:
1. The countries must report the diameter (X cm) over which measurements have been made.
2. When most species are merchantable, i.e. in the temperate and boreal zone, the commercial growing stock, in a given area or for a country, can be close to the “growing stock”. However, where only a small fraction of all species are merchantable, it is much smaller.
3.This term is related to Global Reporting Table5 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
A forests is coniferous, if more than, seventy five percent (or any other ( X %) percent used by the country for this classification) of the tree cover consists of coniferous forest tree species.
(Source: Based on TBFRA 2000)
Explanatory Note:
1. In case countries use a percent (X %) other than 75 percent to classify a forest as coniferous then the same may be indicated in the national definitions and provided as a note to Annex 1 to National Reporting Table 10.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table10 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term and the definition are compatible with other international processes.
Definition
The management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to current generations while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations: Thus conservation is positive, embracing preservation, maintenance, sustainable utilisation, restoration, and enhancement of the natural environment.
(Source: www.unep-wcmc.org/reception/glossaryA-E.htm)
Explanatory Notes
1. FRA 2005 considers only areas under conservation in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting TableT3 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term is compatible with current work under IUCN, CBD and UNEP.
Definition
The management of human interactions with genes, species, and ecosystems so as to provide the maximum benefit to the present generation while maintaining their potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations; encompasses elements of saving, studying, and using biodiversity.
(Source: www.unep-wcmc.org/reception/glossaryA-E.htm)
Explanatory Notes
1. FRA 2005 considers only areas of “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” designated for “Conservation”.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting TableT3 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term is compatible with current work under IUCN, CBD and UNEP.
Definition
The “Forest” with predominant management objective of “conservation of biodiversity”.
Explanatory Notes
1. It includes Protected Areas.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table3 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term “conservation of biodiversity” is compatible with current work under IUCN and UNEP.
Definition
The “Other Wooded Land” with predominant management objective of “conservation of biodiversity”.
Explanatory Notes
1. It includes Protected Areas.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table3 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term “conservation of biodiversity” is compatible with current work under IUCN.
Definition
The biomass, expressed as oven-dry weight (including or excluding bark), of all non-living woody (dead wood) biomass either standing or lying on the ground larger (than 10cm in diameter or any other diameter (X cm) used by the country).
Explanatory Note:
1. Excludes: Litter (lying dead wood below 10 cm or other diameter as used by the country)
2. This term is related to Reporting Table6 for FRA 2005.
3. The countries must report the diameter (X cm) used to measure “dead wood biomass”.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IPCC.
Definition
A tree species facing a high risk of extinction in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” in the near future and included in IUCN list of endangered species.
Explanatory Note
1 According to IUCN, a species is in Endangered category, when it meets any of the following criteria (a to e) and is therefore facing a high risk of extinction in the wild:
a. Reduction in population size
b. Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in its geographic range
c. Continued decline in its population size estimated to number fewer than 2500 mature individuals.
d. Population size estimated to number fewer than 250 mature individuals.
e. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild is at least 20% within 20 years or five generations, whichever is the longer (up to a maximum of 100 years).
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table9 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is fully compatible with IUCN use.
Volume (under bark) of all trees, living or dead, above 10 cm diameter at breast height, felled annually in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
Explanatory Note
1. It includes volume of all felled trees whether or not they are removed from “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
2. It includes silvicultural and pre-commercial thinning and cleanings of trees of more than 10 cm diameter left in the forest, and natural losses that are recovered.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with current work under ITTO, UNECE, and EUROSTAT.
Definition
Land under forestry or no land use, spanning more than 0.5 hectares; with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ.
Explanatory note
1. Forest are determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters in situ. Areas under reforestation which have yet to reach a crown density of 10 percent or tree height of 5 m are included, as are temporarily unstocked areas, resulting from human intervention or natural causes that are expected to regenerate. The term specifically includes forest roads, firebreaks and other small open areas; forest in national parks, nature reserves and other protected areas such as those of specific scientific, historical, cultural or spiritual interest; windbreaks, shelterbelts and corridors of trees with an area of more than 0.5 ha and width of more than 20 m; plantations primarily used for forestry purposes, including rubberwood plantations and cork oak stands. The term specifically excludes tree stands used in agricultural production systems, for example in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems. The term also excludes trees in urban parks and gardens.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table1 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like CBD, and IPCC etc.
Definition
The composition of “growing stock” in “Forest” and “Other Wooded land” by each “inventoried forest tree species”.
Explanatory Note
1. It includes forest inventories at national, sub-national and local level implemented during a given time period (last five years).
2. This term is related to Reporting Table10 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
The environmental fluctuations and destructive events that disturb forest health, structure, and or change resources or physical environment at any given spatial or temporal scale.
(Based on www.mcgregor.bc.ca/publications/InteractionsWithInsectsAndPathogens.pdf )
Explanatory Notes
1. It includes disturbance by fire, insect and disease.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table8 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with current work under IPM and under Model Forest.
Definition
A condition caused by living organisms or environmental changes that impairs the normal functions of tree or Forest.
(Source: FAO website on Integrated Pest Management)
Explanatory Notes
1. Does not admit the effects of a biotic factors and insect feeding
2. This term is related to Reporting Table8 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with current work under IPM.
Definition
An unplanned fire in the “Forest” and or “Other Wooded Land”, whether it broke out inside or outside the “Forest” or the “Other Wooded Land”.
(Source: UNECE-TBFRA 2000)
Explanatory Note
1. It excludes planned, prescribed or controlled burning under a management plan
2. This term is related to Reporting Table8 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with UNECE-TBFRA and Global Fire Monitoring Center.
Definition
A forest insect is an animal belonging to the class Hexapoda with its habitat in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
Explanatory Note
1. It includes native and exotic insects.
2. Insects have a segmented body with three distinct regions; the head, the thorax, and the abdomen. The head bears one pair of antennae, compound eyes, and the mouthparts. The thorax bears three pairs of legs (one on each of the three thoracic segments). The thorax bears often one or two pairs of wings (on the second and/or third thoracic segments). A gonopore is present at the posterior end of the abdomen.
(Source: http://www.bijlmakers.com/entomology/glossary.asp)
3. This term is related to the Reporting Table8 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses like work relating to IPM at FAO
Definition
Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants in “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land.
(Adapted from : www.ippc.int/IPP/En/default.htm)
Explanatory Note
1. A primary pest is one that is the leading cause of a problem; a secondary pest contributes to symptoms and damage but is not the principal agent.
2. It is linked to Reporting Table8 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is fully compatible with other uses like IPPC and ICPM
2.1.29 Fuelwood: See “Wood Fuel”
Definition
Volume of all living trees more than X cm in diameter at breast height (or above buttress if these are higher) measured over bark from ground or stump height to a top stem diameter of Y cm, excluding or including branches to a minimum diameter of Z cm. Excludes: smaller branches, twigs, foliage, flowers, seeds, stump and roots.
Explanatory Notes:
1. The countries must indicate all the three thresholds (X, Y, and Z cm) and exclusions (part of trees that are not included in the volume).
2 The term is related to Reporting Table5 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses like IPCC.
The “round wood” from “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land” for production of goods and services other than source of “wood fuel” (“fuelwood”).
(Adapted from: FAO, Forestry Series 36, Forest Products, 2001)
Explanatory Note
1 Here production, removal and supply are synonymous.
2. It is measured as volume in round wood under-bark.
3. This term is related to the Reporting Table11 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses Trade Statistics, Production statistics and national and international reporting like Harmonised System Classification -1996 (classes 44.03.20, 44.03. 40 and 44.03.90) and Standard International Trade Classification -Revision 3 (classes 247.4 and 247.5).
Definition
The “round wood” removed from “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land” for production of goods and services other than source of “wood fuel” (“fuelwood”).
(Adapted from: FAO, Forestry Series 36, Forest Products, 2001)
Explanatory Note
1 Its is average annual supply reported in “round wood” cubic meters (under bark).
2. In “production statistics” it means total of sawlogs, veneer logs, pulpwood, round and split, other industrial round (expressed in volume under bark).
3. The term is different from felling as “removal” excludes material left in the Forest.
4. It includes removal of wood felled in an earlier period and from trees killed or damaged by natural causes (natural losses), e.g. fire, wind, insects and diseases.
5. This term is related to the Reporting Table11 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses Trade Statistics, Production statistics and national and international reporting like Harmonised System Classification -1996 (classes 44.03.20, 44.03. 40 and 44.03.90) and Standard International Trade Classification -Revision 3 (classes 247.4 and 247.5).
Compatibility with previous FRAs
Annex 4 provides a comparison with definitions used in previous FRAs.
Inland water bodies generally include major rivers and lakes.
(Source: UN Statistical Division)
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to the Global Reporting Table1 for FRA 2005.
2. The area of a country is sum of “land area” and area of “inland water bodies”.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
A species introduced outside of its normal past and current distribution.
(Source: Species defined by CBD/SBSTTA-7/2001)
Explanatory Note
1. Its synonym are Alien Species and Exotic Species.
2.This term is related to the Reporting Table4.
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific definition but is compatible with other international uses relating to SFM.
Definition
A “forest tree” species in “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land”, which is measured and recorded separately in a forest inventory.
Explanatory Note
1. It includes forest inventories at national, sub-national and local level.
3. This term is related to the Reporting Table5, 9 and T10 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
Total area excluding area under inland water bodies.
(Source: United Nations Statistical Division, New York)
Explanatory Note
1. The definition of inland water bodies generally includes major rivers and lakes.
2. Validated data in this category are obtained mainly from the United Nations Statistical Division, New York. Possible variations in the data may be due to updating and revisions of the country data and not necessarily to any change of area.
3. This term is related to the Global Reporting Table1 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Compatibility with previous FRAs
Annex 4 provides a comparison with definitions used in previous FRAs
Definition
Includes all non-living plant material with woody mass of less than 10cm in diameter or any other diameter (X cm) used by the country. It includes live roots of less than 2 mm in diameter as empirically they cannot be distinguished from litter.
Explanatory Note:
1. This term is related to Reporting Table6 for FRA 2005.
2. The countries need to report their threshold of minimum diameter for woody mass, only in case they use a threshold other than 10 cm.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IPCC.
Definition
The biomass, expressed as oven-dry weight (including or excluding bark), of all non-living woody biomass of less than 10cm in diameter or any other diameter (X cm) used by the country. It includes live roots of less than 2 mm in diameter as empirically they cannot be distinguished from litter.
Explanatory Note:
1. This term is related to Reporting Table6 for FRA 2005.
2. The countries need to provide information minimum diameter (X in cm) below which “Above Ground Litter Biomass” has been measured.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IPCC.
Definition
A soil in the “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” which is not “organic soil” .
(Based on : www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/1998/classwet/appendxd.htm)
Explanatory Notes
1. Nearly all soils contain more than traces of both mineral and organic components but some are dominating in one or the other. The soil horizons that are less than about 20 to 35 percent organic matter by weight have properties that are more near to “mineral soils” than to “organic soils”.
2. If a soil has both organic and mineral horizons, then the cumulative thickness of both types of horizon are estimated to classify the soil into mineral or organic class.
3. This term is related to Global Reporting Table7 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses like IPCC.
Compatibility with previous FRAs
Annex 4 provides a comparison with definitions used in previous FRAs
Definition
Forest in which neither coniferous nor broadleaved nor palms nor bamboos account for more than 75 percent (or X % specified by the a country )of the crown cover.
Explanatory Note:
1. In case countries use a threshold other than 75 percent to classify a forest as coniferous or broadleaved then they should indicate it ( X %) in the national definitions and provide this information in a note to Annex 1 to National Reporting Table 10.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table10 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
The term and the definition are compatible with other international processes.
Compatibility with previous FRAs
Annex 4 provides comparison with definitions used in previous FRAs.
Definition
The “Other Wooded land” of native species or naturally regenerating introduced species, where ecological processes have been disturbed by human activities and it includes “Other Wooded Land” established through natural and or assisted natural regeneration.
Explanatory Notes
1. This term is related to the Global Reporting Table4 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific definition but is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Forest” of native species or naturally regenerating introduced species, where ecological processes have been disturbed by human activities and it includes “Forest” established through natural and or assisted natural regeneration. Forest management plan may or may not exist
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to the Reporting Table4 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific definition but is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Forest” where a combination of production of goods, protection of soil and water, conservation of biodiversity and provision of social services is the predominant management objective.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to the Global Reporting Table3 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific definition but is compatible with other international uses relating to SFM.
Definition
The “Other Wooded Land” where a combination of production of goods, protection of soil and water, conservation of biodiversity and provision of social services is the predominant management objective.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to the Reporting Table3 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific definition but is compatible with other international uses relating to SFM.
Definition
A species known to have existed at a given location, or in a particular ecosystem, prior to the influence of humans.
(Source: CBD/SBSTTA-7/2001)
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to the Reporting Table4 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is fully compatible with other international uses including CBD.
Definition
Natural succession of Forest trees on temporarily unstocked lands that are considered “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to the Reporting Table4 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is fully compatible with other international uses.
Definition
A product of biological origin (other than wood) derived from “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
(NWFP website at FAO: http://www.fao.org/forestry/site/6388/en)
Explanatory Note
1. NWFP may be gathered from wild or produced in forest plantations in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
2. This term is related to the Reporting Table13 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses relating to NWFP.
Definition
Annual removal of a Non Wood Forest Product (NWFP) from “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”
Explanatory Note
1. NWFP may be gathered from wild or produced in forest plantations.
2. This term is related to the Reporting Table13 and 14 of FRA 2005.
3. Like FRA 2000, the FRA 2005 plans to classify the NWFP supply into 18 categories. The plant products are classified into 10 categories (Food, Fodder, Medicine, Medicinal Plants, Perfumes, Dying and Tanning, Utensils and Handicrafts, Construction material, Ornamental, Exudates, and Others) and the animal products area classified into 8 categories (Living animals, Honey and beeswax, Bush meat, Other Edible Animal Products, Hides and skins, Medicines, Colorants, and Other Non-edible animal products).
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses relating to NWFP.
Definition
The forestry activities, within the “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”, other than those related to “Wood supply” (including “wood fuel” or “fuelwood” supply) and collection of “NWFP”.
Explanatory Notes
1. Includes Silvicultural activities (like nursery, plantation and thining) and protection and maintenance related activities (like fire protection) in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
2. This term is linked to Reporting Table16 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
A soil in “Forest and “Other Wooded Land” is an organic soil (Histosol) if it satisfies any one of the following two conditions,
1. If the soil is never saturated with water for more than a few days and contains more than 20 percent carbon (about 35 percent humus); or
2. If the soil is subject to water saturation episodes and has either ;
a. At least 12 percent organic carbon (about 21 percent humus) if it has no clay; or
b. At least 18 percent organic carbon (about 31 percent humus) if it has 60 percent or more clay
c. An intermediate, proportional amount of organic carbon for intermediate amounts of clay.
(Adopted from IPCC: Draft Good Practice Guidance)
Explanatory Notes
1. Soils that do not satisfy the criteria for classification as organic soils are mineral soils.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table7 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses like IPCC.
Definition
The land not classified as forest, other wooded land or other land with tree cover.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is linked to Reporting Table1 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific term but is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The land primarily not under Forest having more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 m at maturity. It includes trees outside Forest.
Explanatory Note
1. It includes Trees Outside Forest.
2. This term is linked to Reporting Table1 of FRA 2005
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific term but is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Other” or “Unspecified ownership” is one that is not classified either as “public ownership” or as “private ownership”.
Explanatory Note
1. It is same as the term “Unspecified Ownership”.
2. This term is linked to Reporting Table2 of FRA 2005
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific term and it is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
Land under forestry or no land use, spanning more than 0.5 hectares; with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ; or with a combined cover of shrubs, bushes and trees above 10 percent.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is linked to Reporting Table1 of FRA 2005
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific term but is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
An undesirable state of forest health of the “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” due to abundance of an organism causing “disturbance” beyond an acceptable limit.
(Adapted from: NY Forest Cover: www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dlf/privland/pages1-8.pdf )
Explanatory Note
1. FRA considers only the extent (area affected) of the outbreak.
2. This term is linked to Reporting Table8 of FRA 2005
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific term but is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The forestry activities within the “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”. FRA 2005 classifies forestry activities into three broad classes; activities relating to “Wood Supply”, “Non Wood Forest Product Supply” and “Other Primary Activities”.
Explanatory Notes
1.This term is linked to Reporting Table16 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The employment provided within the “Forest and “Other Wooded Land” by activities relating to primary (raw) production of goods, provision of services, other primary activities.
Explanatory Notes
1. FRA 2005 groups employment from primary activities in forests and other wooded lands into three groups i.e. Employment from primary activities relating to “Wood Supply”, “NWFP Supply”, and rest or “Other Primary Activities”.
2. This term is linked to Reporting Table16 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Forest” of “native species”, where ecological processes are undisturbed by human activities.
Explanatory Notes
1. A forest management plan may or may not exist for them.
2. This term is linked to Reporting Table4 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses like CBD.
Definition
The “Other Wooded Land” of native species, where ecological processes are undisturbed by human activities. Forest management plan may or may not exist.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table4 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The right of “ownership” of “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” with individuals, families, private co-operatives, corporations, industries, religious and educational institutions, pension or investment funds, and other private institutions.
Explanatory Note
1. The private owners may engage in agriculture or other occupations including forestry.
3. This term is related to Reporting Table2 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Forest” actually designated for production of forest goods i.e. where the extraction of forest products, usually wood and fibre, is the predominant management objective. It includes both wood and non wood forest products.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table3 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses international uses.
Definition
The “Other Wooded Land” actually designated for production of forest goods i.e. where the extraction of forest products, usually wood and fibre, is the predominant management objective. It includes both wood and non wood forest products.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table3 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Forest” of “introduced species”, established through planting or seeding mainly for production of wood or non wood goods.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Global Reporting Table4 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
An area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means
Explanatory Notes
1. IUCN has defined a set of six protected area management categories based on intensity of management and level of protection. Definitions of these categories, and examples of each, are provided in Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories (IUCN, 1994).
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table3 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IUCN.
Definition
The “Forest” where service of protection to soil and water is the predominant management objective.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table3 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Forest” of introduced species, established through planting or seeding mainly for provision of forest services, e.g. soil and water conservation, pest control, and conservation of (habitat) biological diversity.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table4 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Other Wooded Land” with predominant management objective of providing service of protection to soil and water.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table3 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Other Wooded Land” of “introduced species”, established through planting or seeding mainly to provide service of protection to soil and water resources.
Explanatory Note
1. The term is related to the Reporting Table4 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The ownership of State (national, state and regional governments) or government-owned institutions or corporations or other public bodies including cities, municipalities, villages and communes.
Explanatory Note
1. It includes ownership by tribal or other indigenous group of people.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table2 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses
Definition
All wood felled or otherwise harvested and removed from “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land”.
(Source: FAO, Forestry Series 36, Forest Products, 2001)
Explanatory Note
1. It includes both “Industrial Round Wood” and “Wood Fuel” (fuelwood).
2. It is measured as volume in round wood under-bark.
5. This term is related to the Reporting Table11 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses Trade Statistics, Production statistics and national and international reporting like Harmonised System Classification -1996 (classes 44.03.20, 44.03. 40, 44.03.90 and 44.01.10) and Standard International Trade Classification -Revision 3 (classes 247.4, 247.5 and 245.01).
Compatibility with previous FRAs
Annex 4 provides a comparison with definitions used in previous FRAs.
Definition
The art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health and quality of Forest and woodlands to meet the targeted diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis.
(Source: http://iufro.boku.ac.at/iufro/)
Explanatory Notes
1. This term is linked to Reporting Table16 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like at IUFRO.
Definition
All primary actives relating to Silviculture in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”
Explanatory Notes
1. This term is linked to Reporting Table16 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like at IUFRO.
Definition
The site or facility designated and or managed for cultural, social (recreation and tourism) and spiritual needs in “Forest” and Other Wooded Land”.
Explanatory Notes
1. This term is linked to Reporting Table13 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IUCN and C&I processes.
Definition
The “Forest” of native species or naturally regenerating introduced species established through natural or assisted natural regeneration. The “Forest” is under intensive forest management.
Explanatory Note
1. Formal management plan may or may not exist.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table4 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Other Wooded Land” of native species or naturally regenerating introduced species established through natural or assisted natural regeneration. Such “Other Wooded Land” are under intensive management although a formal management plan may or may not exist
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table4 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The “Forest” where provision of social services (recreation, spiritual, and cultural) is the predominant management objective.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table13 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses international uses like C&I processes.
Definition
The “Other Wooded Land” with predominant management objective of providing social services (recreation, spiritual, and cultural).
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table13 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses international uses like C&I processes.
Definition
The carbon content in the soil (mineral and organic) material at the depth or layer (X cm) of the soil with bulk density (Y Mg m-3) in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table7 for FRA 2005.
2. IPCC. Draft of Good Practice Guidelines indicates value of X as 100 cm depth or 20-40 cm layer
3. IPCC: The unit of reporting for Soil Carbon (as mentioned in Draft of Good Practice Guidelines IPCC) is gC kg-1 soil.
4. Countries providing figures of Soil Carbon should also indicate the depth or layer of measurement as well as bulk density of the soil.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses like IPCC.
Definition
A woody perennial with a single stem, or in the case of coppice with several stems, having more or less definite crown
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table1, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 for FRA 2005
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IPCC.
Definition
It is the total of “Above ground tree biomass” and “Below ground tree biomass”.
Explanatory Note
1. This term is related to Reporting Table6 for FRA 2005
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IPCC.
Definition
The “Other” or Unspecified ownership” is one that is not classified either as “public ownership” or as “private ownership”.
Explanatory Note
1. It is same as “Other Ownership”
2. This term is linked to Global Reporting Table 2 of FRA 2005
Compatibility with other uses
It is a FRA specific term and it is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The market value of total annual supply of all primary Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP).
Explanatory Notes
1. Supply or removal should not be confused with consumption or harvesting. The supply or removal (from Forest) excludes imports and it refers to national domestic production. The consumption refers to national domestic production plus net imports and less exports. The harvested amount is national production plus the quantity of the product left in the Forest.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table14 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
The market value of total annual supply of primary “round wood” (“industrial round wood”, and “wood fuel” or “fuelwood”).
Explanatory Notes
1. This term (value) excludes taxes.
2. This term is related to Global Reporting Table12 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses.
Definition
Number of persons annually visiting the sites designated or managed for social function in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
Explanatory Notes
1. This term is linked to Reporting Table15 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like C&I processes.
Definition
The mass expressed as oven-dry weight (including bark) of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all trees, alive and dead, shrubs and bushes, including stumps, roots, deadwood and litter.
Explanatory Note:
1. Excludes foliage, flowers and seeds.
2. This term is related to Reporting Table6 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like IPCC.
Definition
The round wood for use as fuel for industrial and domestic purposes.
Explanatory Notes
1. It includes only the wood fuel (fuelwood) removed directly from the “Forest” or “Other Wooded Lands” (OWL) specifically for energy purposes.
2. It excludes fuelwood that does not come directly from forests and “OWL”. For example, it excludes wood fuel coming as a by-product or residue material from any industrial processing of “wood”.
3. This term is related to Global Reporting Table11 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses like Harmonised System Classification -1996 (class 44.01.10) and Standard International Trade Classification -Revision 3 (class 245.01).
Definition
The “Wood Fuel” removed from “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land” (volume in round wood under-bark) both for industrial and domestic purposes.
Explanatory Note
1. “Removal” differs from “felling” as “Removal” excludes material left over in the Forest.
2. It represents average annual removals of wood fuel and includes removal of from trees felled in an earlier period and from trees killed or damaged by fire, wind, insects and diseases. It also includes removal of “round wood” used for production of charcoal.
4. This term is related to Reporting Table12 for FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other uses like Harmonised System Classification -1996 (class 44.01.10) and Standard International Trade Classification -Revision 3 (class 245.01).
Definition
All round wood removed from “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land”.
(Source: FAO, Forestry Series 36, Forest Products, 2001)
Explanatory Note
1. The term refers to national domestic production. It is different from felling as it excludes material left in the Forest. It is also different from consumption as it excludes imports.
2. It includes removal of wood felled in an earlier period and from trees killed or damaged by natural causes (natural losses), e.g. fire, wind, insects and diseases.
3. This term is related to the Reporting Table11 of FRA 2005.
Compatibility with other uses
It is compatible with other international uses like Harmonised System Classification -1996 (classes 44.03.20, 44.03. 40, 44.03.90 and 44.01.10) and Standard International Trade Classification -Revision 3 (classes 247.4, 247.5 and 245.01).
