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TABLES

Table 1

Average Mean Monthly Pond Water And Air Temperature, Ansari Fish Hatchery, Gilan Province1

Period2Average mean water temperature (°C)Average mean air temperature (°C)
March–April 199115.516.4
April–May21.521.0
May–June24.523.5
June–July28.828.0
July–August28.127.5
August–September25.325.0
September–October23.023.0
October–November17.018.0
November–December10.013.5
December–JanuaryNANA
January–February4.05.0
February–March9.08.8

1 Source: Shilat

2 Monthly periods here start from the middle of the month to the middle of the following month

Table 2

Estimated Average Mean Pond Water and Air Temperatures, Khuzestan Province (20 m elevation)

PeriodAverage mean water temperature1 (°C)Average mean air temperature2 (°C)
January1112.3
February--14.4
March1519.1
April--24
May--30.3
June3434.2
July3436.2
August3435.5
September--31.8
October2426.6
November1919.4
December1413.4

1 Source: Mission estimates

2 Source: FAO (1987)

Table 3

Aquaculture Production in the IRI (1990)
(Metric tons)

ProvinceCarpsTroutTotal
East Azerbayjan200--200
West      "42456480
Esfahan257--257
Ham86--86
Bakhtaran84--84
Teheran8373501 187
Charmahal8150131
Khorasan80736843
Khuzestan4 629--4 629
Zanjan89--89
Semnan99--99
Sistan120--120
Fars16550215
Kazvin381--381
Qom144--144
Kordestan35--35
Kohkhileh--99
Kerman140--140
Gorgan2 000--2 000
Gonbad1 675--1 675
Gilan9 9991210011
Lorestan117--117
Mazandaran1 1201301 250
Arak34--34
Hamadan178--178
Yazd75--75
Total23 77669324 469

Source: Shilat

Table4

Carp Polyculture Production Parameters

ItemGilanMazandaranKhuzestan
Farm Water Area (ha)1.5–112–3610–27
Pond Area (ha)1 – 2
(Average = 2)		NA1–25
(Average = 5)
Stocking Ratios (% of total)   
 Common carp   
 Silver carp14–33 11–44
 Bighead carp25–75NA48–72
 Grass carp3–17 --
 8–39 8–38
Stocking Rates (no./ha)6 000 – 6 3002 500 – 10 0001 800 – 2 850
Stocking Size (g)8–10NA5
Fertilizers (kg/ha/yr)   
 Urea500 – 1 400]500 – 1 500135 – 300
 Ammonium phosphate200 – 400] 80 – 575
 Manure0 – 4 800 3 000 – 29 00010 000 – 30 000
Feed (kg/ha/yr)   
 Grains(wheat/barley)100–700 1 600 – 6 000
 FodderRecords not availableNAmostly barley
Production (mt/ha)2.8–3.5
(Average = 3.2)		1.6–5.5
(Average = 2)		3.2–6
(Average = 4.6)

Source: Field interviews

Table 5

Khuzestan Province: Carp Farm Production Parameters

ItemFarm 1Farm 2Farm 3AFarm 3BFarm 4Farm 5Farm 6
Farm area (ha)4932.930 1550050
Water area272513.5210.2540033
Nursery water area0.51.20.500.25303
Production pond water area26.523.81321037030
Pond size1–85 21–3.51–252–12
Stocking rate (ha)       
Common carp500500350350300600800
Silver carp1 8001 8001 2501 5001 5001 5601 000
Grass carp5002001 0008001 000240-
Barbus---200---
Total stocked (ha)2 8002 2002 6002 8502 8002 4001 800
Fry weight (a)       
Common carp555510515
Silver carp5551010515
Grass carp555100105 
Barbus---250-- 
Stocking dateApril–MayMarch–AprilAprilMarchApril 1–15April (45d)May
Harvest dateDec.–MarchJan.–MarchJan.–MarchFebruaryJan.(45d)0ct.(5m)Oct.(70d)
Production mt/ha3.234.865.22.92.7
Gross production (farm)85756212521 01081
Unit wt (kg/ea)       
Common carp2.41.22.52.52.81.31.25
Silver carp1.21.51.71.71.71.21.3
Grass carp1.40.523.72.61.6 
Barbus---1.4-- 
Feed (mt/ha/y)     0.53.3
Barley3.421.66.92.56  
Wheat-1.2---  
Alfalfa3.66-4.6155*40 
Other (legumes)-1 200---  
Fertilizer (kg/ha/y)       
Urea234262301301200135100
Amm. phosphate32557330130120080400
Manuret (t/ha/y)27.910.529.629.610.51621.3

* Mission's estimate

Table 6

Gilan Province: Carp Farm Production Parameters

ItemFarm 1Farm 2Farm 3*Farm 4Farm 5Farm 6
Farm Area (ha)      
Land area1112 13.21.812
Water area8.57.5 111.510
Production water area67.49 10.11.27.5
Nursery water area2.50.01 0.90.32.5
Production pond size (ha)21–1.5  1.22.5
Stocking rates (no./ha)      
Common carp2 000800 9901 0002 200
Silver carp1 5004 500 2 7701 6673 000
Bighead carp1 000200 --400
Grass carp1 500500 2 475667700
Total/ha6 0006 000 6 2353 3346 300
Stocking size (a)      
Common carp103 8–1015–2010
Silver carp153 2–525–3010
Bighead carp103   6
Grass carp103 8–1015–1810
Stocking dateApril/MayApril/May ---
Harvest dateJan/FebAug./Jan Jan./Feb.Oct.Jan./Feb.
Total production (mt)2122.5 373.228
Production (ha)2.43 3.72.73.7
Unit wt market fish (kg)      
Common carp1.20.7 1–1.20.9.65–1.2
Silver carp1.3.8–1.2 1–1.2.8–1.1.5–1.1
Bighead carp1.8–1.1   1.5–2.5
Grass carp11.4–1.8  1.2–1.61.5–2.5
Feed (kg/ha/y)      
Old poultry feed1 700     
Rice bran2 300     
Broken wheat 40 None  
Wheat bran 53    
Starter and finisher    518 
Wheat/barley/rice bran     707
Fertilizer (kg/ha/y)      
Urea670546 1 3861 200500
Amm. phosphate330187 396400350
Amm. nitrate 80    
Manure3 3304 800 7 273--

*Private hatchery

Table 7

Fingerling Production by Shilat Hatcheries in 1990

HatcherySpeciesNumber (x 1000)
Shahid Dr. BeheshtySturgeon3 911
Sad-e-SangarSoof (Schizostedion spp.)118
 Seem (Perca fluviatilis)66
SiahkalSefid (Rutilus spp.)142 793
Shahid AnsaryCarps35 788
Shahid RajaieSefid13 475
 Carps17 229
Shahid MarjanyCarps2 491
GorganSturgeon432
Shahary MarjanyRainbow Trout2 339
Shahid MolkyCarps1 087
Shahid BahonarSalmon (S. trutta)155
MarddashtCarps16 769
KarkasanCarps3 866
Total 240 520

Source: Shilat

Table 8

Formulation of Shilat fish feed lines produced under licence by Chineh Co. Animal Feed Factory

Diet code1GFSTKFGFCSFC1SFC2BFC1BFC2
Ingredient2       
Fish meal33351033223013
Blood meal-2-323-
Meat meal10511010-10
Soybean meal20202015202015
Wheat meal15221523262520
Cottonseed meal10-----
Sunflower seed meal--1055510
Alfalfa meal7-64736
Barley-725--310
Beet molasses334-344
Rice bran536.2823-10
Additives31112111
Dicalcium phosphate1213111
Salt--0.5--0.50.54
Lysine--0.2----
Antioxidant (BHT)0.020.020.020.020.020.020.02
Total104.0100.0100.099.0101.0100.5100.5
Crude protein (%)40.639.42639.435.436.6728.5
Pellet size, mm4–51.54–5Crumb2–34–55–6
Cost (Rials/kg)5477–495482–490312–325479–490266–279427–435341–357

1 Diet code: GFST - Grower Feed Salmon/Trout, KF - Kutum Feed, GFC - Grower Feed Carp, SFC1 - Starter Feed Carp #1, SFC2 - Starter Feed Carp #2, BFC1 - Broodstock Feed Carp #1, BFC2 -Broodstock Feed Carp #2

2 Feed ingredient costs given by Chineh Co. Animal Feed Factory to be as follows: barley 1 20 R/kg, blood meal 800 R/kg, fish meal (kilka; 74–75% crude protein) 800 R/kg, Peruvian fish meal (65% crude protein; imported by Shilat from Peru) 1 300 R/kg, meat meal (40–45% crude protein) 500R/kg, soybean meal (44% crude protein; imported by Shilat from Argentina) 450 R/kg, wheat 1 50 R/kg, beat molasses 85 R/kg, Dicalcium phosphate (DCP) 400 R/kg, Multivitamin/mineral additive 1 100 R/kg, rice bran (11 – 14% crude protein, 10% lipid) 50 R/kg, Antioxidant (BHT) 5 000 R/kg, alfalfa 170 R/kg, cottonseed meal (30–31 % crude protein, 4–8% lipid) 300 R/kg, sunflower seed cake 340 R/kg, wheat bran 100 R/kg, torula yeast 720 R/kg, poultry fat 170 R/kg; maize (imported) 250–270 R/kg, maize germ meal (24% crude protein) 300 R/kg

3 Poultry multivitamin and mineral additive formulated by Chineh Co. and reported to contain the following: thiamine, riboflavin, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, biotin. choline chloride, vitamin E, vitamin D3, vitamin A, vitamin K3 and zinc, Cobalt, Iodine, Manganese, Copper, Iron and Selenium

4 Iodized salt

5 Costings provided by Mr. Chafur Mofateh (Chief of Aquatic Animal Nutrition within the Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of Shilat) and include a mixing/pelleting and transportation cost of Rials 12.5 – 25/kg and Rials 1 5/kg, respectively

Table 9

Currant Aquaculture Research Projects of the Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization (IFRTO)

Research areaProject
Culture & Pond Management1. Survey of Biological Characteristics of Barbus grypsus and B. sharpyei
2. Study on the polyculture and monoculture of Abramis brama and Rutilus kutum
3. Management Approach in controlling Aquatic Weeds in Culture Ponds
4. Investigation of pan culture in Anzali lagoon
5. Identification and Rearing of Persian Gulf Mullets
1. Study of the artificial propagation of Aspius aspius and Barbus brachycephalus
Controlled Breeding2. Investigation on the Possibility of Using Hypophysis from the Catfish (Silurus glanis) in Breeding of Carps
3. Study on Suitable Parameters for the Artificial Propagation of Silver Carp in Gilan Climatic Conditions
4. Study on the Possibility of Using Synthetic Hormones (PMSC.HCG.GENRH) for Artificial Rearing of Common Carp and Grass Carp
5. Study on the Possibility of Breeding and Rearing of Dolphin Fish (Coryphaena hippurus)
6. Study of Semi Artificial Breeding of Black Lip Pearl Oyster
Genetics1. Experimental Production Triploid Rutilus frisii
2. The Kryology of Sturgeon and Whitefish in the Caspian Sea
3. Study of Hybridization Among Three Spades (R. rutilus, R. frisii & A. brama)
4. Hybridization of Huso huso and Acipenser stellatus and Their Rearing Under Controlled Conditions
Nutrition1. Investigation on Formulating Suitable Feed for the Green Tiger Shrimp (P. semisulcatus)
2. Effect of Feeding on Fat Degeneration in Mullet
Pathology1. Study and Identification of Parasitic Diseases (Nematodes and Cestodes) in the Digestive System of Huso huso
2. Study on the Ectoparasites and Blood Parasites in Cultured Fish of Khuzestan

Table 10

Shilat's Price Schedule for Fry and Fingerlings Per Piece

 SilverGrassCommonBighead
LarveR 4R4R3R3
1 gR19R13R10R15
2–5 gR6/g addedR6/g addedR47g addedR5/g added
6–10 gR4/g addedR4/g addedR3/g addedR4/g added
11–20 gR2/g addedR2/g addedR2/g addedR2/g added
200 gR200/piece300/piece--

Rough Cost per Fingerling Produced by Private Hatchery in Gilan

For common carp120% over sailing price of Government
For silver carp75% over selling price of Government
For grass carp50% below selling price of Government
For bighead carp70% below selling price of Government

Table 11

Fry and Fingerling Prices (Set) Paid by Farmers (Shilat) R/Piece

Farmers' Paid Prices
Gilan

SpeciesWeight Size
3g5g10g15g20g25g
Common carp10-6010090-
Silver carp1536-908595
Grass carp20-6090--
Bighead carp10-6070--

Prices set by Shilat
Gilan/Khuzestan

SpeciesWeight Size
3g5g10g15g20g25g
Common carp1326415161N/A
Silver carp3042627282N/A
Grass carp3042627282N/A
Bighead carp2540607030N/A

Farmers' Paid Prices
Khuzestan

SpeciesWeight Size
5g10 g
Common carp100;251;100301
Silver carp100;351:100120
Grass carp100;201;100120

1 Purchased from a small Shilat hatchery in Khuzestan

Table 12

Khuzestan Province: Unit Fish Prices

FishFarm 1Farm 21Farm 31Farm 41Farm 5Farm 6
Common carp      
Average wt.(kg)2.41.22.52.81.31.25
Price (R/kg);1 500–1 8001 1001 1001 1001 000850
Silver carp      
Average wt. (kg)1.21.51.71.71.21.3
Price (R/kg)1 500–1 8001 0001 1001 200950800
Grass carp      
Average wt.(kg)1.40.522.61.6 
Price (R/kg)1 500–2 8001 4002 2002 4001 800 
Marketing50% Teheran;100% Teheran.100% Teheran.100% Teheran.Sells at farm.Sells at farm to wholesalers. C. carp sold at Ahwaz.
50% locally. Sells to wholesaler; same one always for TeheranTransports fish himself. Sells to wholesalers.Transports fish himself. Same wholesaler.Transports fish himself. Same wholesaler.Many wholesalers.

1 Transport cost of R200/kg has been deducted

Table 13

Gilan Province: Unit Fish Prices

FishFarm 1Farm 2Farm 3Farm 41Farm 5Farm 6
Common carp      
Average wt.(kg)1.20.7--0.90.8–1.5
Price (R/kg)700–1 2001 100--700–800650–1 200
Silver carp      
Average wt. (kg)1.30.8–1.2--0.8–1.10.7–2.2
Price (R/kg)600–900900–1 250--750–900500–1 100
Grass carp      
Average wt.(kg)2.01.4–1.8--1.2–1.60.9–1.7
Price (R/kg)1 300–1 8001 800--1 200–1 8001 500–2 500
Bighead carp      
Average wt.(kg)1.00.8–1.1---1.5–2.52
Price (R/kg)600–800700–850---1 500–2 500

1 Sold mixed at R 920/kg

2 Not consistent with other data

Table 144

Khuzestan Province
Production Costs versus Revenue
Rials per ha

ItemFarm 1Farm 2Farm 3Farm 4Farm 5Farm 61
Fingerlings      
Common carp30 00012 50021 0009 000NA16 000
Silver carp108 00063 00075 00090 000 30 000
Grass carp30 0004 00060 00060 000  
Sub Total168 00079 000156 000159 000 46 000
Fertilizer      
Urea2 3004 0003 5601 9505 0001 500
Amm. phosphate3 1906 0003 5601 95040 0006 000
Manure273 330160 000296 200102 44014 000174 550
Sub Total278 820170 000303 320106 34059 400182 050
Feed      
Barley444 94011 2 000900 000819 510220 000400 000
Wheat-1 20 000----
Alfalfa164 550-207 690800 00045 000-
Legumes-72 000----
Sub Total609 490304 0001 107 6901 619 510265 000400 000
Labour237 000240 000444 440585 370225 000359 960
Land rental5 0005 00010 000-5 0003 000
Power-80 000162 000-2 50019 740
Water110 000110 000110 000110 000100 0001 1 4 000
Fuel59 260--63 220125 000-
Motor oil6 220--63 220--
Maintenance-80 000148 15097 560125 0002151 5203
Chemicals      
Lime480---2 500151 520
Sub Total417 960515 000874 590919 370585 000799 740
Grand Total      
Production Cost1 474 2701 068 5002 285 6002 804 220NA1 427 790
Gross Revenues      
Common carp2 033 90058 190970 200874 800774 000952 000
Silver carp2 808 3002 381 0002 337 5002 655 6001 696 700
Grass carp910 800123 2004 400 0005 416 800658 800-
Total Gross Revenues5 753 0002 562 3907 707 7008 947 2003 129 5002 152 000
Net Revenues per ha4 278 7301 493 8905 422 1006 142 980NA724 210

1 Farm 6 stocked too late and did not obtain sufficient fingerlings

2 includes fuel, oil and some small equipment

3 includes maintenance of small poultry unit

4 Sources: Tables 5, 12 and 14 A

Table 14A

Khuzestan Province: Unit Costs for Growing Ponds (in Rials)

ItemFarm 1Farm 2Farm 3Farm 4Farm 5Farm 6
Fingerlings (R/ea) * *  
Common carp60256030-20
Silver carp60356060-30
Grass carp60206060--
Fertilizer (R/kg)      
Urea101012124015
Amm. phosphate101512124015
Manure10101010108
Feed (R/kg)      
Barley13070130140110160
Wheat 100   160
Alfalfa45 454545 
Water (R/ha/y)110 000110 000110 000110 000110 000114 000
Power (R/kW)-1517---
Fuel (R/1)10- 10--
Motor oil (R/1)60--450- 
Labour (R/ha/y)200 000138 0001 38 000138 000250 000212 500
Land rental      
(R/ha/y)5 0005 00010 000-5 0003 000
Chemicals (R/kg)      
Lime1313--10-

* Purchased from Shilat Hatchery, Khuzestan

Table 15

Khuzestan

Financial Performance of Carp Farm Model under Existing Production Systems Rials per ha

 Number of UnitsCost/Price per unitTotal Cost/Revenue per haPercentage of total cost/revenue
Stocking:1    
Common carp (5 g each)300 piecesR 100R 30 000 
Silver carp (5 g each)1 500 piecesR 100R 150 000 
Grass carp (5 g each)1 000 piecesR 100R 100 000 
Total stocked (5 g each)2 800 piecesR 100R 280 00011%
Feed:    
Barley7 000 kgR 135R 945 000 
Wheat--- 
Alfalfa5 000 kgR 45R 225 000 
Total Feed12 000 kg-R 1 170 00047%
Fertilizer:    
Urea200 kgR 12R 2 400 
Amm. phosphate200 kgR 12R 2 400 
Manure1 5 000 kgR 10R 150 000 
Total Fertilizer:30 400 kg R 154 8006%
Chemicals: lime1 000 kgR 3R 13 0000%
Total Input Cost per ha--R 1 617 800 
Other Costs per ha:    
Labour1 haR 500 000R 500 00020%
Energy1 haR 165 000R 165 0007%
Water1 haR 110 000R 110 0005%
Land lease1 haR 10 000R 10 0000%
Maintenance1 haR 100 000R 100 000 
Total Other Costs per ha R 785 000R 885 00032%
Total Cost per ha--R 2 502 800100%
Production/Harvesting2    
Common carp637 kgR 1 100R 700 70010%
Silver carp2 168 kgR 1 100R 2 384 80035%
Grass carp1 700 kgR 2 200R 3 740 00055%
Gross Revenue per ha of carp farming4 505 kg R 6 825 500100%
Net Revenue per ha excl. dept. on investment  R4 323 000173%

1 Stocking March/April

2 Harvesting: January/February - estimated mortality rate about 15%. Size - common carp: 2.5 kg; silver carp: 1.7 kg: and grass carp: 2.0 kg.

Table 164

Gilan Province

Production Cost Versus Revenues Rials per ha

Item1234536
A. PRODUCTION COSTS      
Fingerlings:      
Common carp200 0008 000-59 40090 000132 000
Silver carp135 00067 500-99 720158 360180 000
Grass carp135 00010 000--56 70042 000
Bighead carp70 0002 000---10 000
Sub-Total540 00087 500-159 120305 060364 000
Fertilizer:      
Ursa14 07012 012-24 94872 00025 000
Amm. phosphate7 5904 675-8 31624 00014 000
Amm. nitrate-2 160----
Manure49 95072 000-218 190-151 200
Sub-total71 81090 847 251 45496 000190 200
Feed      
Broken barley  -No137 500Did
Broken wheat 5 800-Feed200 000not know
Mix   Use340 00090 000
Leftover chicken feed255 000 -  estimate
Pics bran138 000 -   
Wheat bran 5 565-   
Clover seed---   
    -1 4 700-
Sub-total393 00011 365 -692 20090 000
Other costs per ha:      
Labour500 000420 000-450 000650 000600 000
Fuel 65 000-45 000--
Power29 5006 500--75 00020 000
Land lease110 00010 000-10 00010 00010 000
Water100 000100 000-100 000100 00080 000
Maintenance225 00025 000-25 00025 00025 000
Chemicals - lima----35 000-
Sub-totalS64 500626 500-630 000895 000735 000
Grand Total      
Production Cost per ha1 669 110816 212-1 040 5741 988 2601 379 200
B. GROSS REVENUES      
Common carp740 000367 000-all carp250 0001 320 000
Silver carp1 800 0002 163 000-sold at1 800 0001 620 000
Grass carp900 000360 000-R920/kg600 000400 000
Bighead carp400 00053 000---330 000
Total Gross Revenues3 840 0002 943 000 3 400 0002 650 0003 670 000
C.NET REVENUES par ha2 170 8902 126 788 2 359 426661 7402 290 800

1 Land was farm property. Estimate based on Government provided data

2 Mission estimate

3 Data questionable

4 Sources: Tables 6, 13 and 16A

Table 16A
Gilan: Unit Cast for Growing Ponds (in Rials)

Cost CategoryFarm 1Farm 2Farm 31
Priv.Hatch.		Farm 4Farm 5Farm 6Gov. Data
Chemicals       
Lime----R 70/kg--
Cloves seed----R 350/kg--
Fingerlings       
Common carpR 100/15 g/P.R 10/3 g/P.-R 60/10 g/P.R 90/20 P.R 60/10 g/P.-
Silver cupR 90/1 5 g/P.R 15/3 g/P.-R 36/4 g/P.R 95/25 g/P.R 60/10 g/P.-
Grass carpR 90/15 g/P.R 20/3 g/P.--R 85/16 g/P.R 60/10 g/P.-
Bighead carpR 70/15 g/P.R 10/3 g/P.---R 25/6 g/P.-
Fertilizer       
UreaR 16/kg2R 17/kg3-R 13/kg3R 60/kgR 50/kgR 18/kg2
Am. PhosphateR 18/kg2R 20/kg3-R 16/kg3R 60/kgR 40/kgR 22/kg2
Am. Nitrate-R 22/kg3-----
ManureFt 10/kg2R 10/kg3-R 30/kg4No use of manureR 10/kg cow2R 10/kg cow2
 (poultry)(cow + poultry)-(cow + poultry) R 22/kg poultry2R 25/kg poultry2
Feed       
Broken barley- -No feedR 150/kgDid not know-
Broken wheat-R 145/kg--R 150/kg -
Mix: fishmeal 10%,----R 170/kg R 250/kg
broken barley: 35%;--------
broken wheat: 50%;-------
bonemeal 5%-------
Leftover chicken feedR 1 50/kg------
Broiler feed-------
Rice branFt 60/kg------
Silkworm pupae-R 17/kg-----
Wheat bran-R 105/kg-----
LabourR 500 000/haR 420 000/ha-ft 450 000/haR 650 000/haR 600 000/ha-
WaterR 100 000/haR 1 00 000/ha-R 100 000/haR 100 000/haR 80 000/ha5-
PowerR 29 500/haR 6 500/ha--R 75 000/haR 20 000/ha-
Fuel6-R 65 000/ha-R 45 000/ha---
Land lease------R 10 000/ha
Maintenance       

1 Poultry feed used in hatchery cost R 400/kg

2 Excluding transport

3 R5/kg additional to cover transport

4 Including transport and labour

5 From irrigation canal

6 Diesel fuel R50/l

Table 17
Shilat's Estimated Cost of Carp Farming1

Cost ComponentPercentage of Total Cost
Staff13.6%
Feed31.8%
Grass20.5%
Fuel, Repairs and Maintenance4.5%
Fertilizer0.9%
Manure3.6%
Lime0.4%
Medicine2.3%
Fingerlings4.5%
Water3.0%
Energy1.8%
Depreciation of Buildings5.5%
Depreciation of Machinery2.3%
Miscellaneous4.8%
TotalR 733.25/kg = 100.0%

1 Based on a yield of three metric tons per hectare

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