Dimensions and determinants of rural poverty
The economic crisis and the economic structural adjustment programme increased poverty, especially among the rural poor. The economic modernization policy, oriented toward greater integration into the international market and privatization, has discouraged the production of basic food grains with the result that family food security has become more difficult. This has been exacerbated by high population growth, the national and international price fluctuations, and the energy crisis. The negative effects have been felt especially by small farmers who depend upon the production of grains. Poverty is felt most acutely by women because of their lower salaries and lack of direct access to land and agricultural services. Poverty is manifested in low educational levels, infant mortality and malnutrition.
