Converting factors shown in Tables 2 - 5 have been approved for the use of FAO by two international conferences on forest statistics, held in Washington and Rome in 1947.
These factors are averages, adopted by agreement. However, if any country considers that serious errors in the conversion of its statistics will arise through use of these standardized factors, FAO will be prepared to use specific factors recommended by that country in converting its statistics.
A. - GENERAL MEASURES
Table 1. - STANDARD UNITS1
|
LENGTH |
1 centimeter |
= |
0.3937 in. |
1 inch |
= |
2.540 cm. |
|
1 meter |
= |
3.281 ft. |
1 foot |
= |
0.3048 m. |
|
|
1 meter |
= |
1.094 yd. |
1 yard |
= |
0.9144 m. |
|
|
1 kilometer |
= |
0.621 mile |
1 mile |
= |
1.609 km. |
|
|
1 yard = 3 feet = 36 inches |
1 mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet |
|||||
|
AREA |
1 cm² |
= |
0.155 sq. in. |
1 sq. in. |
= |
6.452 cm² |
|
1 m² |
= |
10.76 sq. ft. |
1 sq. ft. |
= |
0.0929 m² |
|
|
1 km² |
= |
0.3861 sq. mi. |
1 sq. mi. |
= |
2.59 km² |
|
|
1 hectare |
= |
0.003861 sq. mi. |
1 sq. mi. |
= |
259 ha. |
|
|
1 hectare |
= |
2.471 acres |
1 acre |
= |
0.4047 ha. |
|
|
1 square kilometer = 100 hectares |
1 square mile = 640 acres |
|||||
|
VOLUME |
1 cm³ |
= |
0.061 cu. in. |
1 cu. in. |
= |
16.39 cm³ |
|
1 m³ |
= |
35.31 cu. ft. |
1 cu. ft. |
= |
0.02832 m³ |
|
|
1 liter |
= |
61 cu. in. |
1 cu. in. |
= |
0.01639 liter |
|
|
1 liter |
= |
0.2642 gal. (U.S.) |
1 gal. (U.S.) |
= |
3.785 liters |
|
|
1 liter |
= |
0.2200 gal. (Imp.) |
1 gal. (Imp.) |
= |
4.546 liters |
|
|
1 liter = 1,000 cm³ |
1 gallon = 4 quarts |
|||||
|
MASS |
1 kilogram |
= |
2.205 pounds |
1 pound |
= |
0.4536 kg. |
|
1 metric ton |
= |
1.102 short tons |
1 short ton |
= |
0.9072 metric ton |
|
|
1 metric ton |
= |
0.9842 long tons |
1 long ton |
= |
1.016 metric tons |
|
|
PRESSURE |
1 kg. per m² |
= |
0.2048 lb. per sq. ft. |
1 lb. per sq. ft. |
= |
4.882 kg. per m² |
|
1 gm. per cm² |
= |
0.0142 lb. per sq. in. |
1 lb. per sq. in. |
= |
70.31 am. per cm² |
|
|
DENSITY |
1 kg. per m³ |
= |
0.06243 cu. ft. |
1 lb. per cu. ft. |
= |
16.02 kg. per m³ |
|
OTHER |
1 m²/ha. |
= |
4.356 sq. ft./acre |
1 sq. ft./acre |
= |
0.2296 m²/ha. |
|
1 m³/ha. |
= |
14.29 cu. ft./acre |
1 cu. ft./acre |
= |
0.07 m³/ha |
|
1 Inches, feet, yards, and miles are U.S.A.: British units.
B. - FOREST PRODUCTS MEASURES*
Table 2. - WEIGHTS
|
Product |
Unit |
Average Weight Shipped by Rail |
Kilos per Cubic Meter |
Pounds per Cubic Foot |
|
|
Kilos |
Pounds1 |
||||
|
Sawlogs |
|||||
|
conifers |
1,000 board feet |
3,300 |
7,300 |
650 |
41 |
|
Cubic meter |
650 |
1,400 |
650 |
41 |
|
|
broad-leaved |
1,000 board feet |
5,100 |
11,000 |
975 |
61 |
|
Cubic meter |
975 |
2,100 |
975 |
61 |
|
|
Pulpwood |
Cord |
1,300 |
2,900 |
500 |
31 |
|
Stere |
350 |
770 |
500 |
31 |
|
|
Fuelwood-mixed |
Cord |
1,800 |
4,000 |
700 |
44 |
|
Stere |
490 |
1,100 |
700 |
44 |
|
|
Pitprops |
Fathom |
2,700 |
6,000 |
620 |
39 |
|
T & T Poles |
1 piece-European |
110 |
240 |
650 |
41 |
|
Sleepers |
|||||
|
conifers - Type A2 |
1 piece |
62 |
140 |
620 |
39 |
|
conifers - Type B2 |
1 piece |
52 |
110 |
620 |
39 |
|
broad-leaved - Type A2 |
1 piece |
90 |
200 |
900 |
57 |
|
broad-leaved - Type B2 |
1 piece |
75 |
170 |
900 |
57 |
|
Sawn lumber |
|||||
|
conifers |
1,000 board feet |
1,200 |
2,600 |
520 |
32 |
|
Standard |
2,400 |
5,300 |
520 |
32 |
|
|
broad-leaved |
1,000 board feet |
1,700 |
3,700 |
730 |
46 |
|
Standard |
3,400 |
7,500 |
730 |
46 |
|
|
Plywood |
|||||
|
Italian and French |
Cubic meter |
500 |
1,100 |
500 |
31 |
|
Austrian, Polish, and Czech |
Cubic meter |
650 |
1,400 |
650 |
41 |
|
Other |
Cubic meter |
650 |
1,400 |
650 |
41 |
1 Calculated from the equivalent number of kilos. Since the figures are approximations and pounds per cubic foot are shown only to two figures, this result may not agree with the result obtained by multiplying pounds per cubic foot by the equivalent number of cubic feet.2 Type A sleepers average 10 pieces to the cubic meter; Type B, 12 pieces to the cubic meter.
* Conifers (softwoods) include all woods derived from trees which are classified botanically as gymnosperms. Broad-leaved (hardwoods) includes all woods classified botanically as angiosperms. The species belonging to this group are generally broad-leaved.
Table 3. - ROUNDWOOD
|
Product |
Unit1 |
Solid Volume without Bark |
||
|
Cubic Meters |
Cubic Feet |
|||
|
Roundwood (general) |
Cubic meter |
1 |
35.3 |
|
|
Cubic foot |
0.0283 |
1 |
||
|
Load |
1.13 |
40.0 |
||
|
Sawlogs |
1,000 board feet |
4.53 |
160 |
|
|
1,000 super feet |
||||
|
100 pulgadas |
4.81 |
170 |
||
|
Pulpwood |
Cord (128 cubic feet) |
2.55 |
90.0 |
|
|
Stere |
conifers |
0.75 |
265 |
|
|
Raummeter |
||||
|
Russian fathom |
6.80 |
240 |
||
|
Fuelwood |
Stere (conifers) |
0.70 |
24.7 |
|
|
Stere (broad-leaved) |
0.65 |
23.0 |
||
|
Cord (128 cubic feet) |
2.12 |
75.0 |
||
|
Russian fathom |
5.66 |
200 |
||
|
Charcoal Wood |
Metro linear |
0.71 |
25 |
|
|
Pitprops |
Fathom (216 cubic feet) |
4.46 |
158 |
|
|
T & T Poles |
||||
|
North America |
1,000 linear feet |
15.4 |
545.0 |
|
|
1 piece |
0.43 |
15.2 |
||
|
Europe |
1 niece (conifers) |
0.165 |
5.83 |
|
1 Units are grouped opposite the products for which they are most commonly used, but certain units are applicable to a variety of products.
Table 4. - PROCESSED WOOD
|
Product |
Unit |
Solid Volume |
Roundwood Equivalent |
|||
|
Cubic Meters |
Cubic Feet |
Standard |
Cubic Meters |
Cubic Feet |
||
|
Sawn lumber and hewn wood |
Standard |
4.672 |
165 |
1 |
7.79 |
275 |
|
1,000 board feet |
2.36 |
83.3 |
0.505 |
3.96 |
140 |
|
|
1,000 super feet |
||||||
|
Load |
1.42 |
50.0 |
0.303 |
2.36 |
83.3 |
|
|
100 pulgadas |
2.36 |
83.3 |
0.505 |
4.81 |
170 |
|
|
Cubic meter |
1 |
35.3 |
0.214 |
1.67 |
59.0 |
|
|
Sleepers |
Load |
1.42 |
50.0 |
0.303 |
2.58 |
91.1 |
|
piece-Type A1 |
0.10 |
3.53 |
0.0214 |
0.182 |
6.43 |
|
|
piece-Type B1 |
0.083 |
2.93 |
0.0178 |
0.142 |
5.00 |
|
|
Laths |
1,000 pieces |
0.195 |
6.9 |
0.042 |
- |
- |
|
Shingles |
1 square |
0.16 |
5.6 |
0.034 |
0.453 |
16.0 |
|
Plywood |
||||||
|
Thickness 5 mm. |
1,000 square meters |
5.00 |
177 |
- |
12.5 |
441 |
|
Thickness 10 mm. and over |
Cubic meters |
1 |
35.3 |
- |
2.5 |
88.3 |
|
Thickness 3/8 inch2 |
1,000 square feet |
0.885 |
31.2 |
- |
1.11 |
39 |
|
Veneers, broad-leaved |
||||||
|
Average thickness 1/10 inch |
1,000 square feet |
0.235 |
8.3 |
- |
0.473 |
16.7 |
1 Type A sleepers average 10 pieces to the cubic meter; Type B, 12 pieces to the cubic meter,2 Equivalents for 3/8" plywoods are based on production of softwood plywood from large logs on the west coast of North America.
Table 5. - PULP AND PAPER
|
Product |
Unit |
Wood Pulp Content |
Roundwood Equivalent |
|
|
Cubic Meters |
Cubic Feet |
|||
|
Wood pulp- |
||||
|
Mechanical |
Metric ton (air dry) |
|
2.55 |
90 |
|
Chemical |
Metric ton (air dry) |
|
5.04 |
178 |
|
Newsprint paper |
Metric ton |
0.13 tons chemical pulp and |
3.00 |
106 |
|
0.92 tons mechanical pulp |
||||
|
Paper other than newsprint |
Metric ton |
0.68 tons chemical pulp and |
3.65 |
129 |
|
0.09 tons mechanical pulp |
||||
|
Building boards (fiber) |
Metric ton |
Average mechanical pulp about 0.62 tons |
1.6 |
56 |
|
Paper other than building boards |
Metric ton |
0.32 tons chemical pulp and |
1.8 |
63 |
|
0.07 tons mechanical pulp |
||||
FAO Member Nations
October 1947
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
BOLIVIA
BRAZIL
BURMA
CANADA
CHILE
CHINA
COLOMBIA
COSTA RICA
CUBA
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
DENMARK
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
ECUADOR
EGYPT
EL SALVADOR
FINLAND
FRANCE
GREECE
GUATEMALA
HAITI
HONDURAS
HUNGARY
ICELAND
INDIA
IRAQ
IRELAND
ITALY
LEBANON
LIBERIA
LUXEMBOURG
MEXICO
NETHERLANDS
NEW ZEALAND
NICARAGUA
NORWAY
PAKISTAN
PANAMA
PARAGUAY
PERU
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
POLAND
PORTUGAL
SIAM
SWITZERLAND
SYRIA
UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA
UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
YUGOSLAVIA
