Annex E

Table E1. Purchase origin, mean entry and exit weights and average total live-weight gain for male cattle processed at Sarite ranch during 1980-81.
Table E2. Per cent incidence of major causes of mortality among adult cattle and calves in an average rainfall year in the southern rangelands during 1976-1987.
Table E3. Per cent incidence of major causes of mortality among adult cattle and calves in a dry rainfall year in the southern rangelands during 1976-87.
Table E4. Per cent incidence of major causes of mortality among adult cattle and calves in a drought year in the Southern rangelands during 1983-84.

Table E1. Purchase origin, mean entry and exit weights and average total live-weight gain for male cattle processed at Sarite ranch during 1980-81.¹

Purchase origin	N	Weight (kg)		Total gain (kg/head)
		Entry	Exit
Did Hara	129	193	231	38
Hobok	122	170	214	44
Mega	177	173	201	28
Melbana	39	156	194	38
Gorille	39	160	203	43
Liche	22	169	208	39
Dubuluk	53	154	185	30
Hidi Lola	66	151	189	39
Dilo	95	159	204	45
Marmaro	175	180	231	50
Orbati	71	162	210	47
Gayu	24	137	177	40
Chewbet	25	141	175	34
Medecho	23	140	179	39
Megado	33	153	192	39
Dass	46	147	187	39
Dabayu	15	162	197	35

¹ Based on a holding period of seven months at Sarite ranch. Effects of origin on total gain were highly significant (P<0.001).

Source: Nicholson (1983b).

Table E2. Per cent incidence of major causes of mortality among adult cattle and calves in an average rainfall year in the southern rangelands during 1976-1987.¹

Mortality cause	Per cent incidence in
	Adult cattle	Calves (<1 year old)
Calf scours	-	30
Black leg	12	10
Ascariasis	-	1
Pasteurolosis	30	3
Anthrax	14	2
External parasites	29	3
Strongylosis	-	5
Trypanosomiasis	2	-
Foot and mouth	5	15
Starvation	-	17
Other	8	14

¹ Where an average year has around 600 mm of rainfall. Percentages are based on a sample of several thousand adult cattle and several hundred calves.

Source: Southern Rangelands Development Unit (unpublished data).

Table E3. Per cent incidence of major causes of mortality among adult cattle and calves in a dry rainfall year in the southern rangelands during 1976-87.¹

Mortality cause	Per cent incidence in
	Adult cattle	Calves (<1 year old)
Calf scours	-	10
Pasteurolosis	36	6
Strongylosis	28	4
Black leg	14	5
Anthrax	12	-
Ascariasis	-	-
Foot and mouth	-	20
Trypanosomiasis	2	-
Starvation	-	50
Others	8	5

¹ Where a dry rainfall year has around 450 mm of rainfall. Percentages are based on a sample of several thousand adult cattle and several hundred calves.

Source: Southern Rangelands development Unit (unpublished data).

Table E4. Per cent incidence of major causes of mortality among adult cattle and calves in a drought year in the Southern rangelands during 1983-84.¹

Mortality cause	Per cent incidence in
	Adult cattle	Calves (<1 year old)
Calf scours	-	8
Pasteurolosis	31	-
Botulism	10	-
Trypanosomiasis	1	-
Ascariasis	-	-
Black leg	29
Foot and mouth	-	5
Anthrax	20	-
Starvation	-	80
Others	9	7

¹ Where a drought year is a second consecutive dry year of 450 mm of rainfall or less. Percentages are based on a Sample of several hundred adult cattle and several hundred calves.

Source: Southern Rangelands Development Unit (unpublished data).

Figure E1. Equation used to predict calf growth based on milk intake. This equation includes the formula of Tyrrell and Reid (1965) and includes an empirical requirement of 13.6 MJ ME per kilogram of growth for pre-ruminant calves from Roy (1980).

where:	ge = estimated total weight (kg) at time t
	go = observed weight (kg) at time t × = accumulated milk offtake
	0.1454 = milk converted to dry matter at 14.54% solids
	0.93 = proportion of metabolisable gross energy
	10-3 = conversion of kJ to MJ
	F = % fat in milk
	SFN = % solids-not-fat in milk
	9.226 (41.84 F + 22.29 SNF - 25.58) = gross energy content of milk (kJ kg-1) (Tirrell and Reid, 1965)
	13.6 = conversion factor for MJ to kg growth.

Source: Nicholson (1983a).