4. Proposed CGIAR System Logframe

4.1 Synopsis of Proposed CGIAR System Logframe (September 1998)
4.2 Indicators for CGIAR Goals
4.3 Indicators for Intermediate Goals
4.4 Indicators for Purposes
4.5 Indicators for Outputs

4.1 Synopsis of Proposed CGIAR System Logframe (September 1998)

Goals

1. Poverty is alleviated, especially for the most vulnerable groups.

2. The environment is protected.

3. Sustainable food security is achieved.

Intermediate Goals

Productivity of resources in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry is increased and the sustainable management of natural resources is improved.

Purposes

1. NARS develop improved production systems which will effectively raise productivity while conserving biodiversity, land and water.

2. Performance of NARS and regional programmes is improved.

3. Improved policies involving CGIAR outputs are put into practice.

Note:

a) Purpose attainment is supported through direct contribution from the following outputs:

Purpose 1:

outputs 1, 2, 3

Purpose 2:

outputs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Purpose 3:

output 4

b) Outputs for which CGIAR is responsible contribute significantly and measurably to purpose achievement.

Outputs

1. Germplasm and germplasm improvement techniques for priority crops, livestock, trees and fish are enhanced and made accessible to NARS and other partners.

2. Germplasm of selected species and their wild relatives for priority crops, livestock, trees and fish are collected and managed, and procedures for germplasm conservation are developed and made accessible to NARS and other partners.

3. Management practices and research methodologies for sustainable production systems and for natural resource conservation and use are accessible to NARS and other partners.

4. Improved policy analyses and techniques for policy formulation and public management are accessible to NARS, policy makers and the development community.

5. Knowledge and expertise for enhancing the performance of research and related institutions are accessible to relevant users.

4.2 Indicators for CGIAR Goals

Indicators measuring poverty alleviation and natural resource conservation are notoriously difficult to attribute to specific causes. Even so, tightly integrated theoretical and empirical results argue that productivity increases, the indicator for intermediate goals, are a necessary condition for increased income and that this, with high probability, leads to poverty alleviation. (See CGIAR Priorities and Strategies for Resource Allocation During 1998-2000, Chapter 3 and references, TAC Secretariat, May 1997.) The reduction in adverse environmental impact, the maintenance of production potential and of biological diversity all contribute to resiliency of biological systems.

4.3 Indicators for Intermediate Goals

Intermediate Goal: Productivity of resource use in agriculture, fisheries and forestry is increased and the sustainable management of natural resources is improved.

Illustrative indicators include:

Indicator 1: Adoption by producers of specific improved technology, higher yields, higher total factor productivity, increased production, lower relative product prices, and higher relative wages and employment in agriculture and associated industries.
Indicator 2: Adoption by producers of specific improved technology, pesticide use down per unit of output, lower sediment and other emission levels in runoff, insect diversity is maintained, soil organic matter is maintained, stability of yield trends.

4.4 Indicators for Purposes

Purpose 1:

NARS develop improved production systems which will effectively raise productivity while protecting biodiversity, land and water.
Indicator 1: Germplasm, germplasm improvement practices, and germplasm conservation practices from CGIAR outputs utilized within the programmes of NARS are demonstrably better than earlier materials or practices.
Indicator 2: CGIAR outputs are utilized by NARS and extension systems to develop production systems which are demonstrably productivity increasing and resource conserving.

Purpose 2:

Performance of NARS and regional programmes is improved.
Indicator 1: CGIAR outputs have a visible role in orienting the work of NARS and Regional Research Organizations towards the concerns of their stakeholders as demonstrated by a correspondence between a consensus-based strategy prepared by NARS and effective implementation.
Indicator 2: NARS and Regional Research Organizations enjoy stronger support of national governments and their own stakeholders evidenced by:
· an increased level and composition of government support;
· added support from non-public stakeholders and users;
· stable support of other partners;
· increased operating funds for researchers;
· increased ability to retain human resources.

Indicator 3: NARS development of technology which meets producers' needs is enhanced.
Indicator 4: NARS are demonstrably more involved in the management, material support, and scientific achievement of Regional Research Organizations and other forms of horizontal and vertical co-operation.

Purpose 3:

Improved policies incorporating CGIAR outputs are put into practice.
Indicator 1: Evidence exists that options and consequences from CGIAR policy and public management research are being taken into consideration by relevant decision makers when making changes in rules and policies.
Indicator 2: Selected options employing CGIAR outputs have been adopted and codified in the form of rules, regulations, laws, etc.
Indicator 3: Policy restrictions on the management of sustainable production systems have been alleviated.

4.5 Indicators for Outputs

Output 1:

Germplasm and germplasm improvement techniques for priority crops, livestock, trees and fish are enhanced and made accessible to NARS and other partners

Indicator

1.1

Accessible germplasm materials meet NARS standards in terms of productivity, stability, agronomic traits and user needs and are at a stage of development suitable for their intended use.

1.2

Techniques and the corresponding relevant information which allow faster, more efficient and more reliable germplasm improvement, are accessible to users.
(Aspects of quantity, time and location/region will have to be specified for each project separately.)

Output 2:

Germplasm of selected species and their wild relatives for priority crops, livestock, trees and fish are collected and managed, and procedures for germplasm conservation are developed and made accessible to NARS and other partners

Indicator

2.1

For CGIAR-mandate species a sufficient number of accessions to represent genetic diversity of species and wild relatives are conserved and managed ex-situ according to CGIAR policy as well as evolving international standards and agreements with respect to acquisition, storage, characterization, documentation, regeneration and distribution.

2.2

Other priority species (as determined by scientific need) are conserved and managed ex-situ according to international standards and agreements with respect to acquisition, storage, characterization, documentation, regeneration and distribution.

2.3

Appropriate strategies, techniques and relevant information with regard to reliable, efficient and effective ex-situ germplasm conservation are accessible to users.

2.4

Improved methods and tools for assessing and monitoring critical processes and functions within and between ecosystems that affect the in-situ emergence and maintenance of biodiversity have been researched and tested with users.

2.5

Strategies and guidelines for in-situ management of biodiversity in agricultural, forest, aquatic and rangeland ecosystems have been developed and tested with users.
(Aspects of quantity, time, and location/region will have to be specified for each project separately.)

Output 3:

Management practices and research methodologies for sustainable production systems and for natural resource conservation are accessible to NARS and other partners.

Indicator

3.1

Productivity-increasing, resource-conserving practices are accessible to NARS and other partners which have the demonstrated capacity to:

a) Increase or sustain and stabilize productivity of agriculture, aquatic and forestry production.

As illustrated by the ability to: produce larger quantity and/or higher quality products, reduce year-to year production variability, improve safety in use of inputs, increase output per unit of labour, shift farms towards a market driven economy, make maximum use of biological methods to enhance productivity, reduce the impact of factors that limit production, or make available post harvest processing and marketing methods to add value to raw products and reduce post harvest losses.

b) Conserve and make better use of natural resources and reduce degradation of or improve water, soil, and air quality.

As illustrated by the ability to: reduce soil loss, increase soil quality, increase water use efficiency, improve water harvesting in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, maintain water tables, hold chemical loading to low levels, maintain surface and groundwater standards at locally acceptable levels, maintain air quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, properly manage effluents from agricultural, forestry and aquatic systems, make improved use of low quality water for aquaculture, or maintain genetic diversity in agricultural, forestry, and aquatic systems.

c) Enhance the quality of life.

As illustrated by the ability to: reduce drudgery, provide increased quality and quantity of food for families, increase farm gate income, create new employment opportunities.

3.2

Reduce the direct and indirect adverse effects of agriculture on the health of producers and their communities.

3.3

Research methodologies are developed and accessible for regional organizations and networks of NARS that enhance collaborative and participatory development of integrated management practices for agriculture, forestry, and aquatic systems.

As evidenced by: broader utilization of emerging research methods such as biotechnology, agroecology, GIS, and modeling (production and hydrologic, inter alia participatory research); better extrapolation of knowledge and technology from research sites to agroecologically equivalent production areas; improved regional co-operation through better design and execution of research conducted at multiple sites; or improved technology transfer among NARS.

Note: The relative emphasis of indicators and outputs will vary according to specific outputs and approaches for individual projects.

Output 4:

Improved policy analyses and techniques for policy formulation and public management are accessible to NARS, policy makers and the development community.

Indicator

4.1

The effects of various policies on agricultural, forestry, fisheries production and trade, on resource management, poverty and income distribution as well as on consumer behaviour have been estimated and communicated to users, especially those directly engaged in policy making.

4.2

Policy options in well defined circumstances which concern the political and economic conditions necessary to achieve poverty alleviation, resource management, and sustainable food security have been formulated and targeted for specific users.

4.3

Tools and techniques for improved policy analysis and public management of water, watersheds, irrigation systems and common property are developed and made accessible to users.

Output 5:

Knowledge and expertise for enhancing the performance of research and related institutions are accessible to relevant users.

Indicator

5.1

The understanding of the processes of research policy formulation and of institutional development has been increased through research and synthesis of experience and made accessible to users.

5.2

Guidelines and training materials in areas such as; planning and priority setting, organizing research and working with partners, generating financial and political support from stake holders, monitoring progress and evaluating impact; have been developed and made accessible to NARS and Regional Research Organizations together with strengthening their capacity to provide training and institutional development.

5.3

Technical and professional staff of partner organizations have received specialized training in areas where the CGIAR System has specific expertise and comparative advantage, in response to requests from NARS.

5.4

The integration of NARS, Regional Research Organizations and other partners in the emerging global agricultural research system has been facilitated by supporting the negotiation of agreements and the establishment of partnerships and networks, as well as through the institutionalization of information flows.

Goals	1. Poverty is alleviated, especially for the most vulnerable groups.
	2. The environment is protected.
	3. Sustainable food security is achieved.
Intermediate Goals	Productivity of resources in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry is increased and the sustainable management of natural resources is improved.
Purposes	1. NARS develop improved production systems which will effectively raise productivity while conserving biodiversity, land and water.
	2. Performance of NARS and regional programmes is improved.
	3. Improved policies involving CGIAR outputs are put into practice.
	Note:
	a) Purpose attainment is supported through direct contribution from the following outputs:
	Purpose 1:	outputs 1, 2, 3
	Purpose 2:	outputs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
	Purpose 3:	output 4
	b) Outputs for which CGIAR is responsible contribute significantly and measurably to purpose achievement.
Outputs	1. Germplasm and germplasm improvement techniques for priority crops, livestock, trees and fish are enhanced and made accessible to NARS and other partners.
	2. Germplasm of selected species and their wild relatives for priority crops, livestock, trees and fish are collected and managed, and procedures for germplasm conservation are developed and made accessible to NARS and other partners.
	3. Management practices and research methodologies for sustainable production systems and for natural resource conservation and use are accessible to NARS and other partners.
	4. Improved policy analyses and techniques for policy formulation and public management are accessible to NARS, policy makers and the development community.
	5. Knowledge and expertise for enhancing the performance of research and related institutions are accessible to relevant users.

Output 1:	Germplasm and germplasm improvement techniques for priority crops, livestock, trees and fish are enhanced and made accessible to NARS and other partners
Indicator
1.1	Accessible germplasm materials meet NARS standards in terms of productivity, stability, agronomic traits and user needs and are at a stage of development suitable for their intended use.
1.2	Techniques and the corresponding relevant information which allow faster, more efficient and more reliable germplasm improvement, are accessible to users. (Aspects of quantity, time and location/region will have to be specified for each project separately.)

Output 2:	Germplasm of selected species and their wild relatives for priority crops, livestock, trees and fish are collected and managed, and procedures for germplasm conservation are developed and made accessible to NARS and other partners
Indicator
2.1	For CGIAR-mandate species a sufficient number of accessions to represent genetic diversity of species and wild relatives are conserved and managed ex-situ according to CGIAR policy as well as evolving international standards and agreements with respect to acquisition, storage, characterization, documentation, regeneration and distribution.
2.2	Other priority species (as determined by scientific need) are conserved and managed ex-situ according to international standards and agreements with respect to acquisition, storage, characterization, documentation, regeneration and distribution.
2.3	Appropriate strategies, techniques and relevant information with regard to reliable, efficient and effective ex-situ germplasm conservation are accessible to users.
2.4	Improved methods and tools for assessing and monitoring critical processes and functions within and between ecosystems that affect the in-situ emergence and maintenance of biodiversity have been researched and tested with users.
2.5	Strategies and guidelines for in-situ management of biodiversity in agricultural, forest, aquatic and rangeland ecosystems have been developed and tested with users. (Aspects of quantity, time, and location/region will have to be specified for each project separately.)

Output 3:	Management practices and research methodologies for sustainable production systems and for natural resource conservation are accessible to NARS and other partners.
Indicator
3.1	Productivity-increasing, resource-conserving practices are accessible to NARS and other partners which have the demonstrated capacity to:
	a) Increase or sustain and stabilize productivity of agriculture, aquatic and forestry production.
		As illustrated by the ability to: produce larger quantity and/or higher quality products, reduce year-to year production variability, improve safety in use of inputs, increase output per unit of labour, shift farms towards a market driven economy, make maximum use of biological methods to enhance productivity, reduce the impact of factors that limit production, or make available post harvest processing and marketing methods to add value to raw products and reduce post harvest losses.
	b) Conserve and make better use of natural resources and reduce degradation of or improve water, soil, and air quality.
		As illustrated by the ability to: reduce soil loss, increase soil quality, increase water use efficiency, improve water harvesting in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, maintain water tables, hold chemical loading to low levels, maintain surface and groundwater standards at locally acceptable levels, maintain air quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, properly manage effluents from agricultural, forestry and aquatic systems, make improved use of low quality water for aquaculture, or maintain genetic diversity in agricultural, forestry, and aquatic systems.
	c) Enhance the quality of life.
		As illustrated by the ability to: reduce drudgery, provide increased quality and quantity of food for families, increase farm gate income, create new employment opportunities.
3.2	Reduce the direct and indirect adverse effects of agriculture on the health of producers and their communities.
3.3	Research methodologies are developed and accessible for regional organizations and networks of NARS that enhance collaborative and participatory development of integrated management practices for agriculture, forestry, and aquatic systems.
		As evidenced by: broader utilization of emerging research methods such as biotechnology, agroecology, GIS, and modeling (production and hydrologic, inter alia participatory research); better extrapolation of knowledge and technology from research sites to agroecologically equivalent production areas; improved regional co-operation through better design and execution of research conducted at multiple sites; or improved technology transfer among NARS.
Note: The relative emphasis of indicators and outputs will vary according to specific outputs and approaches for individual projects.

Output 4:	Improved policy analyses and techniques for policy formulation and public management are accessible to NARS, policy makers and the development community.
Indicator
4.1	The effects of various policies on agricultural, forestry, fisheries production and trade, on resource management, poverty and income distribution as well as on consumer behaviour have been estimated and communicated to users, especially those directly engaged in policy making.
4.2	Policy options in well defined circumstances which concern the political and economic conditions necessary to achieve poverty alleviation, resource management, and sustainable food security have been formulated and targeted for specific users.
4.3	Tools and techniques for improved policy analysis and public management of water, watersheds, irrigation systems and common property are developed and made accessible to users.

Output 5:	Knowledge and expertise for enhancing the performance of research and related institutions are accessible to relevant users.
Indicator
5.1	The understanding of the processes of research policy formulation and of institutional development has been increased through research and synthesis of experience and made accessible to users.
5.2	Guidelines and training materials in areas such as; planning and priority setting, organizing research and working with partners, generating financial and political support from stake holders, monitoring progress and evaluating impact; have been developed and made accessible to NARS and Regional Research Organizations together with strengthening their capacity to provide training and institutional development.
5.3	Technical and professional staff of partner organizations have received specialized training in areas where the CGIAR System has specific expertise and comparative advantage, in response to requests from NARS.
5.4	The integration of NARS, Regional Research Organizations and other partners in the emerging global agricultural research system has been facilitated by supporting the negotiation of agreements and the establishment of partnerships and networks, as well as through the institutionalization of information flows.