1. Natural - being in accordance with or determined by
nature b: having or constituting a classification based on features existing in
nature
(http://www.m-w.com/dictionary)
2. Nature - the inherent character or basic constitution
of a person or thing: essence b: disposition, temperment. 2 a: a creative and
controlling force in the universe b: an inner force or the sum of such forces in
an individual. 3: a kind or class usually distinguished by fundamental or
essential characteristics <documents of a confidential nature <acts of a
ceremonial nature 4: the physical constitution or drives of an organism;
especially: an excretory organ or function - used in phrases like the call of
nature 5: a spontaneous attitude (as of generosity) 6: the external world in its
entirety
(http://www.m-w.com/dictionary)
3. (EU) Forests composed of tree species indigenous to
the area.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg08/forests/en/en4_6.htm
4. (Iran) It is substantiated naturally, without mans'
interference. "M.Zobeiri"
[email protected]
5. (Nicaragua) - Draft - Bosque Natural. Agrupamiento vegetal con predominio de especies arbóreas conocidas como autóctonas de la zona, asociadas generalmente a una fauna silvestre y condiciones de suelos naturales con ninguna o escasa intervención humana www.nicarao.org.ni/ja (see Borrador de la ley, CAPITULO II DEFINICIONES) Harrie [email protected]
6. (UN-FRA 2000) Natural forests are forests composed of indigenous trees, not planted by man. Or in other words forests excluding plantations. (UN/ECE-FAO 1997, FAO 1998).
7. (Vietnam) Natural forests comprise all timberlands and bamboo groves of all ages, not excluding young regrowth under rehabilitation.
http://coombs.anu.edu.au/~vern/luat/english/CoM-17HDBT-forest-pro.txt Hanoi, January 17th 1992
8. A forest composed primarily of naturally established
indigenous species (by opposition to plantation)
http://www.biodiv.org/Forests/Glossary.html
9. A forest ecosystem with most of the principal characteristics and key elements of native ecosystems such as complexity, structure and diversity. Natural forests lack the abundance of mature trees and freedom from human disturbance that characterize primary forests.
http://www.fscstandards.org/regions/southeast/glossary.html
10. A forest or forest remnant comprising indigenous species of plants (i.e., plant species which are native to a specified area or region in the country). The forest may include naturalized species (i.e., exotic species introduced into or naturally colonized in a region so as to appear native or wild), provided they are not sufficiently abundant or physiognomically dominant so as to alter the general character of the original forest. Natural forest includes unaltered virgin upland and lowland indigenous forest, indigenous forest which has been slightly or significantly modified by human activity but which retains part or most of the general composition or character of the original forest, or indigenous forest which is being managed or exploited primarily for the commercial production of wood. From: New Zealand Forestry Statistics 1997 (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, 1998)
11. A forest that has evolved and reproduced itself
naturally from organisms previously established, and that has not been
significantly altered by human activity. A natural forest may include, but is
not equivalent to, an "old-growth forest."
http://www.forestry.utoronto.ca/ac_staff/emeritus/My%20Webs/english.htm
12. A stand of trees resulting from natural seed fall or
sprouting.
http://msucares.com/pubs/pub1250.htm
13. A woodland comprising trees that have not been
planted by humans, and where no human interference has occurred (Allaby
1994).
Helene M Cleveland CCMAIL
[email protected]
14. An area with an existing stand of naturally grown
trees of dipterocarp, premium, and other classified commercial species, as well
as other naturally associated forest flora and fauna
http://www.bwf.org/laws/DAO_97-04.html
15. An ecosystem with a hyperbolic distribution of age
classes of trees, including a minimum of 10% mature trees.
http://fscus.org/html/standards_policies/us_regional_standards/archives/ozark_ouachita4.html
16. Ecosystems dominated by trees or shrubs in an original or nearly original fashion through natural generation. This definition includes mangroves.
http://www.af.nfr.no/andre-doc/alternativ-agenda/Forests.html,http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9208/0081.html
and http://www.igc.org/habitat/treaties/at-27.htm
17. Floresta Natural - Formação florestal composta por
espécies de ocorrência típica de determinada região, cuja composição obedeça às
características próprias da sucessão vegetal.
http://www.suzano.com.br/docs/recursos/maneucal/glossar.html
18. Forest area(s) being managed to protect, maintain, or restore natural composition, structures, and functioning.
http://www.silvafor.org/ecocert/sffstandardsforbc.pdf
19. Forest areas where most of the principal
characteristics and key elements of native ecosystems such as complexity,
structure and diversity are present as defined by FSC-approved national and
regional standards of forest management.
http://www.canadian-forests.com/fsc-glossary.html
and FSC glossary, printed in the Principles and Criteria document and
http://forests.org/ric/good_wood/glossary.htm#anchor975359
20. Forest areas, including primary forest, where most
or all of the principal characteristics and key elements of native ecosystems,
such as complexity, structure, and diversity, are present given the physical
parameters of climate, geology, hydrology and successional patterns.
http://www.canadian-forests.com/fsc-glossary.html and additional FSC terms proposed in the December, 1996 FSC newsletter.
21. Natural forests contain only the original patterns of biodiversity, the native species occurring in established seral patterns. These formations and processes have not been impacted by humans with a frequency or intensity to change established seral patterns. Ranil Senanayake [email protected]
22. Natural forests are forests naturally grown but not
planted, either virgin forests without any human disturbance or secondary
forests with natural generation.
www.iges.or.jp/fc/ir99/4-10-lu.pdf
23. Natural regeneration - The natural establishment of
trees and other vegetation with at least 400 woody, free-to-grow seedlings per
acre, which are capable of reaching a height of at least 20 feet at maturity.
http://pilot.wash.lib.md.us/washco/forestcn.html