The following tables and lists have been developed by the Department of Agriculture (formerly Agriculture Western Australia), Revegetation on Farms Project of the Sustainable Rural Development Program. 1998. http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/progserv/natural/trees/uses/salt2.htm
Table A6.1. Salinity classes for revegetation with different measures
| |
ECe |
ECe |
Ecgw |
EM-38 hor |
NaCl (sol. |
EC1:5 (w/v)1 loam |
EC1:5 (v/v)2 loam |
|
Soil (a) |
Soil (b) |
Water (c) |
'Soil' (d) |
Water (e) |
Soil |
(f) |
|
|
Non-saline |
<2 |
<200 |
<500 |
<50 |
<20 |
<20 |
<40 |
|
Slightly |
2-4 |
200-400 |
500-1 000 |
50-100 |
20-40 |
20-40 |
40-80 |
|
Moderately |
4-8 |
400-800 |
1 000-2 000 |
100-150 |
40-80 |
40-80 |
80-160 |
|
Very |
8-16 |
800-1 600 |
2 000-3 000 |
150-200 |
80-160 |
80-160 |
160-320 |
|
Extremely |
>16 |
>1 600 |
>3 000 |
>200 |
>160 |
>160 |
>320 |
(a) Based on USDA 1954 categories: used by CSIRO Canberra and others in Australia.
(b) Units used in Western Australia.
(c) Groundwater from within potential rooting distance of plant (bores). Suitability for 'tree' growth.
(d) From D. Bennett and R. George, DAWA Bunbury.
(e) 'Irrigation' water used in pot trials.
(f) Based on conversions used by P. Bulman, Primary Industry SA.1 1:5 (w/v) is one part by weight (g) air-dried soil to five parts by volume (ml) distilled water.
2 1:5 (v/v) is one volume part of soil to five volume parts of water.
Table A6.2. Extremely saline sites (ECe >1 600 mS/m)
|
Proper Name |
Common name and comments |
|
Acacia cyclops |
Coastal wattle. Severe to extreme tolerance (2, 3, 13). Sensitive to waterlogging. |
|
Atriplex spp (A rhagodioides, A vesicaria, A paludosa) |
Saltbush spp. Generally need well-drained sites. |
|
Atriplex amnicola |
River saltbush. (23, 24) Reports tolerance to 25-50 dS/m on alkaline duplex soils, and up to 38 dS/m on medium to heavy clays. |
|
Atriplex bunburyana |
Silver saltbush. |
|
Atriplex cinerea |
Grey saltbush. (23) Moderate waterlogging tolerance. |
|
Atriplex lentiformis |
Quailbrush. (24) Reports tolerance to 25-50 dS/m on alkaline duplex soils, and up to 38 dS/m on medium to heavy clays. |
|
Atriplex muelleri |
(24) Reports tolerance in subtropical and tropical areas of up to 38 dS/m on medium to heavy clays. |
|
Atriplex nummularia |
Old man saltbush. (23) Not waterlogging tolerant. |
|
Atriplex undulata |
Wavy-leaved saltbush. (24) Reports tolerance to 25-50 dS/m on alkaline duplex soils. |
|
Acacia ampliceps |
Salt wattle. (2) |
|
Acacia stenophylla |
River cooba, River myall. (2) |
|
Casuarina glauca |
Grey Buloke. (2) in 8-16 dS/m. (8, 19) Wet or dry sites. (20) Gives 50% mortality at EC 1:5 of >400 mS/m. (22) |
|
Casuarina obesa |
Salt sheoak. (6) In the 100-150 mS/m range from the EM38. (8, 9, 20) |
|
Eucalyptus halophila |
Salt lake mallee. (4, 17). |
|
Eucalyptus kondininensis |
Kondinin blackbutt. (2) (10, 11) Suggests much lower tolerance. (16, 17). |
|
Frankenia spp. (F ambita, F brachyphylla, F fecunda) |
(17). |
|
Halosarcia spp. |
Samphire. (1, 17, 20, 23) Combined waterlogging and salt tolerance is particularly high. |
|
Melaleuca halmaturorum subsp. Cymbifolia |
(4) A WA subspecies. |
|
Melaleuca halmaturorum subsp. Halmaturorum |
South Australian swamp paperbark. (2, 14, 15, 19) (24) Gives range of 15-25 dS/m. |
|
Melaleuca thyoides |
(4, 12). |
|
Melaleuca cuticularis |
Swamp paperbark, salt paperbark. (2) Suggests 8-16 dS/m. (12) |
|
Paspalum vaginatum |
Saltwater couch. (21) Very high waterlogging tolerance, no drought tolerance. Needs summer moisture. |
|
Puccinellia ciliata |
Puccinellia. (21, 23) Moderate waterlogging tolerance. (24) Reports tolerance to 25-50 dS/m on alkaline duplex soils. |
|
Sarcocornia spp. (S quinqueflora) |
Glasswort, samphire. (20) Combined salt and waterlogging tolerance is particularly high. |
|
Sporobolus virginicus |
Marine couch. (20). (24) Reports tolerance to 25-50 dS/m on alkaline duplex soils and wet sites. |
Table A6.3. Very saline sites (ECe 800-1 600 mS/m)
|
Proper name |
Common name and comments |
|
Acacia aff lineolata |
(13) Good waterlogging tolerance. |
|
Acacia brumalis |
(3, 13) Sensitive to waterlogging. |
|
Acacia cyclops |
Coastal wattle. (2,3,13) See Table 2 above. |
|
Acacia ligulata |
Umbrella bush. (14) |
|
Acacia mutabilis ssp. Stipulifera |
(13) |
|
Acacia retinodes |
Wirilda. (2) |
|
Acacia salicina |
Coobah, willow wattle. (2, 14) suckers and could be invasive. |
|
Acacia saligna |
Golden wreath wattle. (2) Puts this into 4-8 dS/m. Variation in provenances. (3) (6) In the 100-150 mS/m range for EM38. (12) Very good tolerance for salt and some waterlogging. |
|
Acacia stenophylla |
River Coobah. (2, 14, 19) (24) Gives range of 15-25 dS/m. |
|
Casuarina cristata ssp. Cristata |
Black oak, Belah. (2, 8, 19) |
|
Casuarina cristata ssp. Pauper |
Belah (WA ssp.). (2) |
|
Casuarina equisetifolia |
Horsetail sheoak. |
|
Casuarina equisetifolia var. incana |
(8). Similar tolerance to Cas obesa and Cas glauca. |
|
Eucalyptus campaspe |
Silver gimlet. (2, 16) |
|
Eucalyptus moluccana |
Grey box. (2) Suggests 4-8 dS/m. (22) |
|
Eucalyptus occidentalis |
Flat top yate. (2) (6) In the 100-150 mS/m EM38 range. (10, 16, 17, 19) Wet or dry sites. (24) Range of 15-25 dS/m. |
|
Eucalyptus raveretiana |
(22) May be higher tolerance. |
|
Eucalyptus sargentii ssp. Sargentii |
Salt river gum, Sargent's mallee. (2, 10, 16, 17) Waterlogging tolerant. |
|
Eucalyptus spathulata ssp. Spathulata |
Swamp mallet. (2, 9, 10, 16) |
|
Melaleuca decussata |
Cross-leaf honey myrtle. (2, 14, 15, 19) |
|
Melaleuca hamulosa |
(12) |
|
Melaleuca lanceolata |
Rottnest Island tea tree, moonah. (2, 14, 15, 19). Needs well-drained site. |
|
Melaleuca leucadendra |
Cadjeput. (2) |
|
Melaleuca quinquinerva |
Five-veined paperbark. (2) |
|
Melaleuca squarrosa |
Scented paperbark. (2) |
|
Melaleuca uncinata |
Broombush. (2) Highly variable taxon. Variable tolerance. |
Table A6.4. Moderately saline (ECe 400-800 mS/m)
|
Proper name |
Common name and comments |
|
Acacia acuminata |
Jam. (2) |
|
Acacia collectoides |
Spine wattle. (12) |
|
Acacia iteaphylla |
Flinder's Range wattle. (2) |
|
Acacia longifolia |
Sydney golden wattle. (2) |
|
Acacia merrallii |
Merrall's wattle. (12) |
|
Acacia pendula |
Weeping myall. (19) |
|
Acacia prainii |
Prain's wattle. (12) |
|
Acacia redolens |
Ravensthorpe source. (3, 12, 13) Tolerance varies with seed source. |
|
Allocasuarina leuhmannii |
Buloke. (2) |
|
Allocasuarina verticillata |
Drooping sheoak. (2, 19) |
|
Atriplex semibaccata |
Creeping saltbush. |
|
Callistemon paludosis |
River bottlebrush. (19) |
|
Callistemon phoeniceus |
Lesser bottlebrush. (12) |
|
Casuarina cunninghamiana |
River sheoak. (2, 6, 19, 22) |
|
Chloris gayana |
Rhodes grass. (21) |
|
Eucalyptus aggregata |
(2) |
|
Eucalyptus anceps |
(5) |
|
Eucalyptus angustissima ssp. Angustissima |
(5) |
|
Eucalyptus astringens |
Brown mallet. (2, 16) Seed source critical. |
|
Eucalyptus botryoides |
Southern mahogany. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus brachycorys |
Comet Vale mallee. (9) |
|
Eucalyptus brockwayi |
Dundas mahogany. (2,16) |
|
Eucalyptus camaldulensis |
River red gum. (2, 6, 9) (10) Suggests lower tolerance. (16, 17) (19, 22) Suggests higher tolerance. Provenance critical. |
|
Eucalyptus coolabah |
(2) This group is being revised. Includes E microtheca. |
|
Eucalyptus diptera |
Two-winged gimlet. (10) Suggest higher tolerance. |
|
Eucalyptus famelica |
(5) |
|
Eucalyptus foliosa |
(5) |
|
Eucalyptus largiflorens |
Black box. (2, 14, 19) Wet or dry sites. |
|
Eucalyptus leptocalyx |
Hopetoun mallee. |
|
Eucalyptus lesouefii |
Goldfields blackbutt. (16, 17) |
|
Eucalyptus leucoxylon |
South Australian blue gum. (2) Four named ssp. and highly variable. Provenance critical. |
|
Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. Petiolaris |
Eyre Peninsula blue gum. (17) |
|
Eucalyptus loxophleba ssp. Lissophloia |
Smooth barked York gum. |
|
Eucalyptus loxophleba ssp. Loxophleba |
York gum. (10, 16) |
|
Eucalyptus melliodora |
Yellow box. (2, 6, 22) |
|
Eucalyptus mimica |
(5) Mallet from Newdegate area. |
|
Eucalyptus platycorys |
Boorabbin mallee. (5, 9) Sensitive to waterlogging. |
|
Eucalyptus platypus var. heterophylla |
Coastal moort. (2, 10) Could have much higher tolerance. |
|
Eucalyptus platypus var. plpatypus |
Round-leafed moort. |
|
Eucalyptus polybractea |
Blue mallee. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus rigens |
(5) |
|
Eucalyptus robusta |
Swamp mahogany. (2, 6, 10, 19, 22) |
|
Eucalyptus rudis |
Flooded gum. (2, 6, 10) |
|
Eucalyptus salicola |
Salt gum. |
|
Eucalyptus sideroxylon |
Red ironbark. (19) Needs well-drained site. |
|
Eucalyptus tereticornis |
Forest red gum. (2) (22) Suggests higher tolerance. |
|
Eucalyptus varia ssp. Salsuginosa |
(5) Mallee form of E gardneri. |
|
Eucalyptus vegrandis |
(5) Syn E spathulata ssp. grandiflora. |
|
Eucalyptus xanthonema |
(5) |
|
Festuca arundinacea |
Tall fescue. (21) Moderate waterlogging tolerance. |
|
Lagunaria patersonii |
Norfolk Island hibiscus. (14, 15) Coastal. |
|
Maireana brevifolia |
Small-leaved bluebush. (23) |
|
Melaleuca acuminata |
Broombush. (12) |
|
Melaleuca armillaris |
Bracelet honey myrtle. (2, 19) Needs well-drained site. |
|
Melaleuca bracteata |
River teatree. (2) |
|
Melaleuca brevifolia |
Mallee honey myrtle. (12) |
|
Melaleuca ericifolia |
Swamp paperbark. (2, 19) |
|
Melaleuca lateriflora |
(5) Grows with M uncinata and others. |
|
Melaleuca linarifolia |
Narrow-leaved paperbark. (2) |
|
Melaleuca microphylla |
(14) |
|
Melaleuca styphelioides |
Prickly-leaved paperbark. (2, 19) |
|
Myoporum desertii |
Turkey bush. (14) |
|
Myoporum insulare |
Boobialla. (15) |
|
Pittosporum phylliraeoides |
Native apricot. (15) |
|
Thinopyrum elongatum |
Tall wheat grass. (21, 23) Moderate waterlogging tolerance |
|
Trifolium michelianum |
Balansa clover. (23) Syn. T balansae. Highly tolerant of waterlogging. |
Table A6.5. Slightly saline (ECe 200-400 mS/m)
|
Proper name |
Common name and comments. |
|
Acacia mearnsii |
Late black wattle. (2) Possible weed spp. |
|
Acacia melanoxylon |
Tasmanian blackwood. (2) |
|
Callistemon salignus |
Willow bottlebrush |
|
Casuarina littoralis |
(8) |
|
Casuarina stricta |
(8) |
|
Casuarina torulosa |
(8) |
|
Cynodon dactylon |
Couch. (21) |
|
Eucalyptus aggregata |
Black gum. (21) |
|
Eucalyptus calycogona ssp. calycogona |
(5, 16) |
|
Eucalyptus camphora |
Swamp gum. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus celastroides ssp. celastroides |
Mealy blackbutt. (5) |
|
Eucalyptus cinerea |
Argyle apple. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus cladocalyx |
Sugar gum. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus clelandii |
Cleland's blackbutt. (11) Suggests higher tolerance. |
|
Eucalyptus concinna |
Victoria Desert mallee. (16, 17) |
|
Eucalyptus conferruminata |
Bald Island marlock. (17) |
|
Eucalyptus cornuta |
Yate. (2) (17) Suggests no tolerance of salt. |
|
Eucalyptus crenulata |
Victorian silver gum. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus elata |
River peppermint. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus flocktoniae |
Merrit. (16) (17) Sensitive to waterlogging. |
|
Eucalyptus forrestiana ssp. forrestiana |
Fuschia mallee. (16) |
|
Eucalyptus globulus ssp. Globulus |
Blue gum. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus grandis |
Rose gum. (2) (22) suggests moderate tolerance. |
|
Eucalyptus griffithsii |
Griffith's grey gum. (16, 17) |
|
Eucalyptus hypochlamydea ssp. ecdysiastes |
(5) |
|
Eucalyptus longicornis |
Red morrell. (16) |
|
Eucalyptus macrandra |
Long-flowered marlock. (15, 16, 17) |
|
Eucalyptus megacornuta |
Warted yate. |
|
Eucalyptus merrickiae |
Goblet mallee. (16, 17) |
|
Eucalyptus microcarpa |
(6) |
|
Eucalyptus ovata |
Swamp gum. (2) |
|
Eucalyptus ovularis |
Small-fruited mallee. (16, 17) |
|
Eucalyptus salmonophloia |
Salmon gum. (10) Suggests moderate tolerance. (16) |
|
Eucalyptus torquata |
Coral gum. (16, 17) |
|
Eucalyptus wandoo |
Wandoo. (10) Suggests moderate tolerance. Seed source important. |
|
Eucalyptus yilgarnensis |
|
|
Phalaris aquatica |
Phalaris. (21) |
|
Schinus molle var. areira |
Peppeer tree. (14) |
|
Trifolium fragiferum |
Strawberry clover. (21) High waterlogging tolerance. Best on summer moisture. |
References
1. Runciman, H.V. & Malcolm, C.V. 1989. Forage shrubs and grasses for revegetating saltland. Bulletin No. 4153. Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Includes information on saltbushes, bluebush, Quailbrush, samphire, Puccinelia, saltwater couch.
2. Marcar, N., Crawford, D., Leppert, P., Jovanovic, T., Floyd, R. & Farrow, R. 1995. Trees for saltland; a guide to selecting native species for Australia. Melbourne, Australia, CSIRO Press.
3. Ferdowsian, R. & Greenham, K.J. 1992. Integrated catchment management: Upper Denmark Catchment. Technical Report 130. Division of Resource Management, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia.
4. Van der Moezel, P.G. & Bell, D.T. 1987. Comparative seedling salt tolerance of several Eucalyptus and Melaleuca species from Western Australia. Australian Forestry Research, 17: 151-158.
5. White, P. Personal Communication. Conservation and land management, Narrogin WA. Euc Oil Program, seed collection etc.
6. Bennett, D. & George, R. Personal Communication. DAWA Bunbury WA. Results of EM38 research into survival and growth in the field.
7. Australian Plant Study Group. 1980. Grow what where. 1990 edition. Viking O'Neil, South Yarra, Australia, Penguin Books.
8. El-Lakanay, M.H. & Luard, E.J. 1982. Comparative salt tolerance of selected Casuarina species. Australian Forestry Research, 13: 11-20.
9. Van der Moezel, P.G., Watson, L.E., Pearce-Pinto, G.V.N. & Bell, D.T. 1988. The response of six Eucalyptus species and Casuarina obesa to the combined effect of salinity and waterlogging. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 15: 465-474
10. Pepper, R.G. & Craig, G.F. 1986. Resistance of selected Eucalyptus species to soil salinity in Western Australia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 23: 977-987.
11. Blake, T.J. 1981. Salt tolerance of Eucalyptus species grown in saline solution culture. Australian Forestry Research, 11: 179-183.
12. Anon. 1994. The tree grower's information kit. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.
13. Craig, G.F., Bell, D.T. & Atkins, C.A. 1990. Response to salt and waterlogging stress of ten taxa of Acacia selected from naturally saline areas of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 38: 619-630.
14. South Australian Woods and Forests. 1984. Catalogue of plants for sale. No. 20 in a Series. Adelaide, Australia.
15. Australian Plant Study Group. 1990. Grow what where. Viking O'Neill, South Yarra, Australia, Penguin Books.
16. Chippendale, G.M. 1973. Eucalyptus of the Western Australian goldfields (and the adjacent wheatbelt). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service.
17. Elliot, W.R. & Jones, D.L. 1986. Encyclopaedia of Australian plants suitable for cultivation. Vol. 4. Lothian, Melbourne, Australia.
18. Ismail, S., Malcolm, C.V. & Ahmad, R. 1990. A bibliography of forage halophytes and trees for salt-affected land: their uses, culture and physiology. Karachi, Pakistan, Department of Botany, University of Karachi.
19. Race, D., ed. 1993. Agroforestry: trees for productive farming. Melbourne, Australia, AgMedia. Chapters 17,19.
20. Hoy, N.T., Gale, M.J. & Walsh, K.B. 1994. Revegetation of a scalded saline discharge zone in central Queensland: 1. Selection of tree species and evaluation of an establishment technique. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 34: 765-776.
21. Sudmeyer, R.A., Saunders, C., Maling, I. & Clark, T. 1994. Perennial pastures: for areas receiving less than 800 mm annual rainfall. Bulletin 4253. Department of Agriculture Western Australia.
22. Dunn, G.M., Taylor, D.W., Nester, M.R. & Beetson, T.B. 1994. Performance of twelve selected Australian tree species on a saline site in southeast Queensland. Forest Ecology and Management, 70: 255-264
23. Barrett-Lennard, E.G. & Malcolm, C.V. 1995. Saltland pastures in Australia. Bulletin 4312. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia.
24. Barson, M. & Barrett-Lennard, E. 1995. Productive use and rehabilitation of Australia's saline lands. Australian Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 8(3): 33-37.
FAO TECHNICAL PAPERS
FAO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PAPERS
|
1 |
Irrigation practice and water management, 1972 (Ar* E* F* S*) |
|
1 Rev.1 |
Irrigation practice and water management, 1984 (E) |
|
2 |
Irrigation canal lining, 1971 |
|
|
(New edition, 1977, available in E, F and S in the FAO Land and Water Development Series, No. 1) |
|
3 |
Design criteria for basin irrigation systems, 1971 (E*) |
|
4 |
Village irrigation programmes + a new approach in water economy, 1971 (E* F*) |
|
5 |
Automated irrigation, 1971 (E* F* S*) |
|
6 |
Drainage of heavy soils, 1971 (E* F* S*) |
|
7 |
Salinity seminar, Baghdad, 1971 (E* F*) |
|
8 |
Water and the environment, 1971 (E* F* S*) |
|
9 |
Drainage materials, 1972 (E* F* S*) |
|
10 |
Integrated farm water management, 1971 (E* F* S*) |
|
11 |
Planning methodology seminar, Bucharest, 1972 (E* F*) |
|
12 |
Farm water management seminar, Manila, 1972 (E*) |
|
13 |
Water use seminar, Damascus, 1972 (E* F*) |
|
14 |
Trickle irrigation, 1973 (E* F* S*) |
|
15 |
Drainage machinery, 1973 (E* F*) |
|
16 |
Drainage of salty soils, 1973 (C* E* F* S*) |
|
17 |
Man's influence on the hydrological cycle, 1973 (E* F* S*) |
|
18 |
Groundwater seminar, Granada, 1973 (E* F S*) |
|
19 |
Mathematical models in hydrology, 1973 (E*) |
|
20/1 |
Water laws in Moslem countries + Vol. 1, 1973 (E* F*) |
|
20/2 |
Water laws in Moslem countries + Vol. 2, 1978 (E F) |
|
21 |
Groundwater models, 1973 (E*) |
|
22 |
Water for agriculture + index, 1973 (E/F/S*) |
|
23 |
Simulation methods in water development, 1974 (E* F* S*) |
|
24 |
Crop water requirements, (rev.) 1977 (C* E F S) |
|
25 |
Effective rainfall, 1974 (C* E* F* S*) |
|
26/1 |
Small hydraulic structures + Vol. 1, 1975 (E* F* S*) |
|
26/2 |
Small hydraulic structures + Vol. 2, 1975 (E* F* S*) |
|
27 |
Agro-meteorological field stations, 1976 (E* F* S*) |
|
28 |
Drainage testing, 1976 (E* F* S*) |
|
29 |
Water quality for agriculture, 1976 (E* F* S*) |
|
29 Rev.1 |
Water quality for agriculture, 1985 (C** E* F* S*) |
|
30 |
Self-help wells, 1977 (E*) |
|
31 |
Groundwater pollution, 1979 (C* E* S) |
|
32 |
Deterministic models in hydrology, 1979 (E*) |
|
33 |
Yield response to water, 1979 (C* E F S) |
|
34 |
Corrosion and encrustation in water wells, 1980 (E*) |
|
35 |
Mechanized sprinkler irrigation, 1982 (C E* F S*) |
|
36 |
Localized irrigation, 1980 (Ar C E* F S*) |
|
37 |
Arid zone hydrology, 1981 (C E*) |
|
38 |
Drainage design factors, 1980 (Ar C E F S) |
|
39 |
Lysimeters, 1982 (C E* F* S*) |
|
40 |
Organization, operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes, 1982 (C E* F S*) |
|
41 |
Environmental management for vector control in rice fields, 1984 (E* F* S*) |
|
42 |
Consultation on irrigation in Africa, 1987 (E F) |
|
43 |
Water lifting devices, 1986 (E F) |
|
44 |
Design and optimization of irrigation distribution networks, 1988 (E F) |
|
45 |
Guidelines for designing and evaluating surface irrigation systems, 1989 (E*) |
|
46 |
CROPWAT + a computer program for irrigation planning and management, 1992 (E F* S*) |
|
47 |
Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture, 1992 (E*) |
|
48 |
The use of saline waters for crop production, 1993 (E*) |
|
49 |
CLIMWAT for CROPWAT, 1993 (E) |
|
50 |
Le pompage éolien, 1994 (F) |
|
51 |
Prospects for the drainage of clay soils, 1995 (E) |
|
52 |
Reforming water resources policy, 1995 (E) |
|
53 |
Environmental impact assessment of irrigation and drainage projects, 1995 (E) |
|
54 |
Crues et apports, 1996 (F) |
|
55 |
Control of water pollution from agriculture, 1996 (E* S) |
|
56 |
Crop evapotranspiration, 1998 (E) |
|
57 |
Soil salinity assessment, 1999 (E) |
|
58 |
Transfer of irrigation management services: guidelines, 1999 (E F S) |
|
59 |
Performance analysis of on-demand pressurized irrigation systems, 2000 (E) |
|
60 |
Materials for subsurface land drainage systems, 2000 (E) |
|
61 |
Agricultural drainage water management in arid and semi-arid areas, 2002 (E) |
Availability: October 2002
Ar + Arabic
C + Chinese
E + English
F + French
P + Portuguese
S + Spanish
Multil + Multilingual
* Out of print
** In preparation
The FAO Technical Papers are available through the authorized FAO Sales Agents or directly from Sales and Marketing Group, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
