CHAPTER 1
1 Sinha, D.P. 1995. Changing patterns of food, nutrition and health in the Caribbean. Nut. Research, 15(6): 899 - 938.
2 FAO. 2004. FAOSTAT data.
http://apps.fao.org/faostat/form?collection=FBS&Domain=FBS&servlet=1&hasbulk=0&version=ext&language=EN
3 Ballayram, Lawrence, B.A. & Henry, F.J. In press. Agriculture, food security and health in the Caribbean: an indispensable link. Proceedings of the Caribbean Agricultural Economics Conference (CAES). St Georges, Grenada. 8 - 13 July 2002.
4 CFNI/USDA. In press. Proceedings of the policy dialogue-technical meeting on poverty alleviation and food security strategies in the Caribbean. Kingston, Jamaica. 19 - 21 November 2003.
CHAPTER 2
1 WHO. 1998. Preparation and use of food based dietary guidelines 1998. Report of a joint FAO/WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 880. Geneva. WHO.
2 Nelson, M. 1991. The validation of dietary assessment. In B.M. Margetts & M. Nelson, eds. Design concepts in nutritional epidemiology. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp.241 - 72.
CHAPTER 3
1 Buzzard, M. 1994. Rationale for an international conference series on dietary assessment methods. Am. J. Clin. Nut., 59 (suppl): 143S - 45S.
2 Bamberger, M., ed. 2000. Integrating quantitative and qualitative research in development projects. Washington. DC. The World Bank.
3 Marr, J.W. 1971. Individual dietary surveys: purposes and methods. World Rev. Nut. Diet, 13: 105 - 64.
4 Young, C.M. & Trulson, M.T. 1960. Methodology for dietary studies in epidemiological surveys. 2. Strengths and weaknesses of existing methods. Am. J. Pub. Health, 50: 803 - 13.
5 Block, G. 1982. A review of validations of dietary assessment methods. Am. J. Epidemiol., 115: 492 - 5.
6 Willett, W. 1999. Nutritional epidemiology. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
7 Chu, S., Kolonel, L.N., Hankin, J.H. & Lee, J. 1984. A comparison of frequency and quantitative dietary methods for epidemiologic studies of diet and disease. Am. J. Epidemiol., 119: 323 - 34.
8 Morgan, K., Johnson, S.R. & Goungetas, B. 1987. Variability of food intake. Am. J. Epidemiol. 126(2): 326 - 35.
9 Lee-Han, H., McGuire, V. & Boyd, N.F. 1989. A review of the methods used by studies of dietary measurement. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 42(3): 269 - 79.
10 Cade, J., Thompson, R., Burley & Warm, W. 2002. Development, validation and utilization of food frequency questionnaires. Pub. Health Nut., 5(4): 567 - 87.
11 Bernard, H.R. 2000. Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. London. Sage Publications.
12 Weller, S.C. & Romney, A.K. 1988. Systematic data collection. London. Sage Publications.
13 Hammersley, M. 1996. The relationship between qualitative and quantitative research: paradigm loyalty versus methodological eclecticism. In J.T.E. Richardson, ed., Handbook of research methods for psychology and the social sciences. Leicester, BPS Books.
CHAPTER 4
1 Beaton, G., Kelly, A., Kevany, J., Martorell, R. & Mason, J. 1990. Appropriate uses of anthropometric indices in children. A report based on an ACC/SCN workshop. New York. ACC/SCN Nutrition Policy Discussion Paper No. 7.
2 de Onis, M. & Blossner, M. 2003. The World Health Organization global database on child growth and malnutrition: methodology and applications. Int. J. Epidemiol., 32: 518 - 26.
3 WHO. 1995. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Technical Report Series No. 854. Geneva. WHO.
4 Pelletier, D., Frongillo, E.A. & Habicht, J.P. 1993. Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality. Am. J. Pub. Health, 83: 1130 - 3.
5 Seidell, J.C., Kahn, H.S., Williamson, D.F., Lissner, L. & Valdez, R. 2001. Report from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workshop on use of adult anthropometry for public health and primary health care. Am. J. Clin. Nut., 73 (1): 123 - 6.
6 de Onis, M. 2000. Measuring nutritional status in relation to mortality. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(10): 1271 - 4.
7 WHO Working Group. 1986. Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 64: 929 - 41.
8 Sinha, D.P. 1995. Changing patterns of food, nutrition and health in the Caribbean. Nut. Research, 6: 899 - 938.
9 UN. 1986. How to weigh and measure children: assessing the nutritional status of young children in household surveys. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Statistical Office.
10 Cogill, B. 2003. Anthropmetric Indicators Measurement Guide. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA), Washington DC, Academy for Educational Development Project. (see: http://www.fantaproject.org)
11 Ramakrishnan, U. 2004. Nutrition and low birth weight: from research to practice. Am. J. Clin. Nut., 79(1): 17 - 21.
12 Allen, L. & Gillepsie, S. 2001. What works? A review of the efficacy and effectiveness of nutrition interventions. Manila. ACC/SCN Nutrition Policy Paper No. 19.
13 Rice, A.L., Sacco, L., Hyder, A. & Black, R.E. 2000. Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(10): 1207 - 18.
14 de Onis, M., Frongillo, E.A. & Blossner, M. 2000. Is malnutrition declining? An analysis of changes in levels of child malnutrition since 1990. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(10): 1222 - 31.
15 Gorstein, J., Sullivan, K., Yip, R., de Onis, N., Trowbridge, F., Fajans, P. & Clugston, G. 1994. Issues in the assessment of nutritional status using anthropometry. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 72 (2): 273 - 83.
16 Sinha, D.P. 1988. Children of the Caribbean. Kingston, Jamaica, CFNI.
17 Ramsey, F. 1979. Protein-energy malnutrition in Barbados. The role of continuity of care in management. New York, John Macy Jr Foundation.
18 Martorell, R., Khan, K.L., Hughes M.L. & Grummer-Strawn, L.M. 2000. Overweight and obesity in preschoolchildren from developing countries. Int. J. Obesity, 24: 959 - 67.
19 UN. 2000. Fourth report on the world nutrition situation, nutrition throughout the life cycle. ACC/SCN in collaboration with IFPRI.
20 Gulliford M.C., Mahabir D., Rocke B., Chinn S. & Rona R.J. 2002. Free school meals and children's social and nutritional status in Trinidad and Tobago. Pub. Health Nut., 5: 625 - 30.
21 Gulliford, M.C., Mahabir, D., Rocke, B., Chinn, S. & Rona, R. 2001. Overweight, obesity and skinfold thicknesses of children of African or Indian descent in Trinidad and Tobago. Int. J. Epidemiol, 30: 989 - 98.
22 Simeon D.T., Rattan R.D. Panchoo K., Kungeesingh K.V., Ali A.C. & Abdool P.S. 2003. The body image of adolescents in multi-ethnic Caribbean population. Eur. J. Clin. Nut., 57(1): 157 - 62.
23 WHO. 1997. Obesity, preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva. WHO.
24 Sargeant, L.A., Wilks, R.J. & Forrester, T.E. 2001.Chronic diseases - facing a public health challenge. West Indian Medical J., 50 (suppl. 4): 27 - 31.
25 Caribbean Cooperation in Health. 1998. A new vision for Caribbean health. PAHO/WHO & Caribbean Community Secretariat.
26 Sinha, D.P. 1992. J. School Health, 62(10): 449 - 53.
CHAPTER 5
1 Smith, J.L. 1993. Nutrient data bank directory, 9th ed. Newark. University of Delaware Press.
2 Beaton, G.H. 1994. Approaches to analysis of dietary data: Relationship between planned analyses and choice of methodology. Am. J. Clin. Nut. 59(suppl): 253S - 261S.
3 Be Nutri Fit. 2002. Diet and nutrition software [computer program]. © Nutrition Manager.
4 Byrd-Brebenner, C. 1988. Computer nutrient analysis software packages. Consideration for selection. Nutrition Today, 23(5): 13 - 21
5 Cameron, M.E. & Van Staveren, W.A. 1988. Manual on methodology for food consumption studies. New York, Oxford University Press.
6 Center for Disease Control. 2002. EpiInfo 2002 [database and statistic software for public health professionals]. Trademark of the Center for Disease Control (CDC).
7 Coffan, R. 2000 - 2002. Intelligent nutrition diet software [computer program]. © Rita Coffan.
8 Diet Power Inc. © 1998 - 2002. Diet power [computer program] ver. 3.3.
9 ESHA Research. 1999. Food Processor Plus [computer program]. Salem, OR. ESHA Research.
10 FAO. 1994. Fats and oils in human nutrition. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper No. 57. Rome. FAO.
11 WHO. 2003. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series No. 916. Geneva. WHO.
12 Chevassus-Agnès, S. 1999. SD dimensions. Sustainable Development Department, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Anthropometric, Health and Demographic Indicators in Assessing Nutritional Status and Food Consumption.
13 WHO. 1995. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series No. 854. Geneva. WHO.
14 WHO. 2000. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series No. 894. Geneva. WHO.
15 Center for Disease Control & Prevention. (see http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/bmi-forage.htm [accessed 1 June 2004].)
16 Stoltzfus, R.J. & Dreyfuss, M.L. 1997. Guidelines for the use of iron supplements to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group (INACG)/WHO/UNICEF.
17 USAID, World Bank, UNICEF et. al. 2003. Anaemia prevention and control: what works. USAID.
18 WHO. 2001. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention and control. A guide for programme managers. Geneva. WHO.
RECOMMENDED READING
FAO. 1998. Guidelines for national food insecurity and vulnerability information and mapping systems (FIVIMS): background and principles. Rome. FAO.
Gibson R.S. 1990. Assessment of nutrient intakes from food consumption data. In Principles of nutritional assessment. New York, Oxford University Press.
Gittelsohn, J., Bentley, M.E., Pelto, P.J., Nag, M., Harrison, A. & Landman, L.T. 1994. Listening to women talk about their health: issues and evidence from India. New Delhi. Har-Anand Publications.
von Braun, J. & Puetz, D. eds. 1993. Data needs for food policy in developing countries: new directions for household surveys. Washington DC. IFPRI.
Mathison, S. 1988. Why triangulate? Ed. Researcher, 17(2): 13 - 17.
Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A.M. 1994. An expanded sourcebook, qualitative data analysis. London. Sage Publications, Inc.
Nelson, M. 1991. The validation of dietary assessment. In Margetts, B.M., Nelson, M. eds. Design Concepts in Nutritional Epidemiology. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp 241 - 72.
Swindale, A. & Punam, Ohri-Vachaspati. 2004. Measuring household food consumption: a technical guide. Washington DC, FANTA Project, Academy for Educational Development (AED).
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
Bingham, S. & Nelson, M. 1991. Assessment of food consumption and nutrient intake. In B. Margetts & M. Nelson eds. Design concepts in nutritional epidemiology. New York. Oxford University Press.
Cortes, L.M., Gittelsohn, J., Alfred, J. & Palafox, N.A. 2001. Formative research to inform intervention development for diabetes prevention in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Health Educ. and Behavior, 28(6): 696 - 715.
Crotty, M. 1998. The foundations of social research: meaning and perspective in the research process. London, Sage Publications.
Galanis, D.J., McGarvey, S.T., Quested, C., Sio, B. & Afele-Fa'amuli, S.A. 1999. Dietary intake of modernizing Samoans: implications for risk of cardiovascular disease. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 99(2): 184 - 90.
Gittelsohn, J. 1991. Opening the box: intrahousehold food allocation in rural Nepal. Soc. Sci. Med, 33(10): 1141 - 54.
Gittelsohn, J. & Vastine, A. In press. Sociocultural and household factors impacting on the selection, allocation and consumption of animal source foods: current knowledge and application. J. of Nut.
Gittelsohn, J., Evans, M., Helitzer, D., Anliker, J., Story, M., Metcalfe, L., Davis, S. & Iron Cloud, P. 1998. Formative research in a school-based obesity prevention program for Native American school children (Pathways). Health Educ. Research, 13(2): 251 - 65.
Gittelsohn, J., Evans, M., Story, M., Davis, S.M., Metcalfe, L., Helitzer, D.L. & Clay, T.E. 1999. Multisite formative research to prevent obesity in American Indian school children. Supplement to the Am. J. Clin. Nut., v.69 (4S): 767S - 772S.
Helitzer-Allen, D., Makhambera, M. & Wangel, A-M. 1994. Obtaining sensitive information: the need for more than focus groups. Repr. Health Matters, 3: 75 - 82.
Higgins, D.L., O'Reilly, K., Tashima, N., Crain, C., Beeker, C., Goldbaum, G., Elifson, C., Galavotti, C. & Guenther-Grey, C. 1996 Using formative research to lay the foundation for community level HIV prevention efforts: an example from the AIDS Community Demonstration Projects. Pub. Health Rep. 111 Suppl 1:28-35
Jackson, M., Walker, S., Cade, J., Forrester, T., Cruishank, J. & Wilks, R. 2001. Reproducibility and validity of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire among Jamaicans of African origin. Pub. Health Nut., 4(5): 971 - 80.
Jackson, M., Walker, S., Forrester, T., Cruickshank, J.K., & Wilks, R. 2002. Social and dietary determinants of body mass index of adult Jamaicans of African origin. Eur. J. Clin. Nut., 57: 621 - 7.
Kumanyika, S.K., Story, M., Beech, B.M., Sherwood, N.E., Baranowski, J.C., Powell, T.M., Cullen, K.W. & Owens, A.S. 2003. Collaborative planning for formative assessment and cultural appropriateness in the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS): a retrospection. Ethn. Dis. 13 (1 Suppl 1): S15-S29,
Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E. 1985. The constant comparative method, (pp. 339-351). In Naturalistic Inquiry, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Morgan, M. 1996. The meanings of high blood pressure among Afro-Caribbean and White patients. In D. Kelleher & S. Hillier, eds. Researching Cultural Differences in Health. London, Routledge, pp.11 - 37.
Resnicow, K., Baranowski, T., Ahluwalia, J.S. & Braithwaite, R.L. 1999. Cultural Sensitivity in public health: defined and demystified. Ethn. Dis., 9(1): 10 - 21
Sharma, S. & Cruickshank, J.K. 2001. Cultural differences in assessing dietary intake and providing relevant dietary information to British African-Caribbean populations. J. Hum. Nut. Dietet., 14: 449 - 56.
Silverman, D. 1993. Interpreting qualitative data, methods for analysing talk, text and interactional. London, Sage Publications, Ltd.
Stowers, S.L. 1992. Development of a culturally appropriate food guide for pregnant Caribbean immigrants in the United States. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 92(3): 331 - 6.
Taren, D.L. 2002. The international conferences on dietary assessment methods. Public Health Nut., 5(6A): 917 - 19
