ANNEXE VI - RAPPORTS NATIONAUX SUR LE SECTEUR FORESTIER (Cont.)

SEYCHELLES

by

Mr. Michel de Ker Sauzon Vielle

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Republic of Seychelles comprises a group of 115 islands in the Western Indian Ocean. 41 Islands are granitic and of continental origin with long evolutionary history. Consequently, a high share of the plants and animal species are endemic. The rest of the islands are coraline.

The total land area is 45 500 ha. The main islands are Mahé, Praslin and La Digue. The climate is equatorial with an average rainfall of 2 200 mm. The population is 74 331 (1994). The GNP per capita is US$ 5 100 (1991). The most important sector of the economy is tourism.

THE OVERALL FORESTRY SITUATION

The forestry sector is generally perceived as marginal. The GDP contribution including wood industries, is no more than 0.4%. However, the indirect economic and environmental benefits of the sector are considerable. The amenity provided by the forests is extremely important for the tourism industry. The vulnerable water supply is highly dependent on the vegetation cover provided by forests. It is estimated that the forest area is 40 600 ha, i.e. 90% of the land area.

About 90% of the forests are natural. Plantations, including Casuarina forests, cover about 4 800 ha. More than 45% of the forests are within national parks or other conservation areas. The growing stock is estimated at 3.1 mil m³. Due to the large conservation areas and poor accessibility, only 0.7 mill m³ is accessible from the main islands. The respective annual allowable cut is estimated to be 13 700 m³. The demand, particularly for sawlogs, is estimated to grow rapidly. The sustainable supply potential of timber to meet the growing demand will be endangered if no investments in more intensive forest management are made.

The main forest management problems include housing encroachment due to land pressure, invasive exotic plant species competing with endemic and indigenous species for the habitat, and prevention and control of forest fires which have had disastrous effects on soil and water conservation particularly in Praslin. The main utilization problems are difficult access to the forests, low productivity of both harvesting and processing, and consequently high extraction costs.

MAIN FORESTRY RELATED ACTIVITIES AND TRENDS

Maintenance and improvement of forest resources, including their contribution to global carbon cycles

Management planning for production zones

Objectives: The development objective is to reduce the timber deficit and negative balance of payments effects of timber imports by obtaining maximum timber yield from the areas allocated purely for production forestry.

The immediate objectives include:

_ Production Zones under proper Forest Management Plans which maximize the timber yields from the areas; and

_ Forest Sector staff trained in preparing and implementing Forest Management Plans.

Justification: There will be a growing deficiency in logs suitable for sawnwood production in The Seychelles. The growing economy requires construction timber and secondary products made of timber, like furniture. Presently most of the timber is imported which causes a negative impact on the balance of payment and the scarce foreign exchange reserves. Local production, if efficiently managed, and if financially competitive, could substitute some of the imports. Local production would also provide employment opportunities, both in forestry and in processing industries.

The Production Zones where the main objective is purely timber production stretches over a fairly small area. Their extent is limited by the accessibility, e.g. remoteness from the roads and steep and difficult terrain. However, they are potentially important for the raw material supply of the Seychellois saw milling industry. In the future, the production zones may be expanded, e.g. on abandoned agricultural or tree crop plantation areas owned by the Government (parastatals) if found appropriate. Depending on future road construction, some less important areas of Catchment Zones which are now produced as a secondary objective could be re-defined under the real Production Zone later on.

The importance of adequate forest roads (access roads) can not be over emphasized in the case of Production Zones. Adequate road net work should be constructed and maintained to allow efficient and cost effective silvicultural and harvesting operations in production forests. The Forestry Section (FS) earlier experienced a problem of housing encroachment in some areas where forest roads had been constructed. Consequently, it is of utmost importance that the Production Zones be recognized by the highest authorities of the Government. This would allow long term planning and operations required.

Forest preservation

Integrated management of Morne Seychellois National Park

Objectives: The development objective is to conserve the largest and most important biodiversity and catchment forest in The Seychelles.

The immediate objectives are:

_ improved management of Morne Seychellois National park;

_ improve biological condition of the biodiversity zone in the park;

_ increased populations of endangered plants;

_ further encroachment into the park stopped; and

_ increased capability for natural forest management.

Justification: Morne Seychellois National Park is probably the most important forest in the Seychelles, because of its catchment and biodiversity values. The forest has a mixture of indigenous and exotic species. The latter are spreading rapidly. Some land has been allocated for construction near the roads. The forest has no gazetted regulation, nor management plan and consequently, the objectives of current management are not clearly defined. The main obstacle to better conservation is shortage of human resources. The forestry section has a station in the park with ongoing plantation activities. The best way to conserve Morne Seychellois is to develop and implement a management plan for the park. Other organizations and people could be involved on a contract or voluntary basis on particular aspects.

If proper action is not taken, the Park will be encroached further, and the valuable biodiversity will be lost due to invasive by exotic species.

Forest conservation in La Reserve/Brulée, Mt. Sebert, Bernica, Mt. Cauvin and Mangroves of Mahé

Objectives: The development objective is to conserve selected areas with unusually high biodiversity values.

The immediate objectives include:

_ La Reserve/Brulée, Mt. Sébert, Bernica, Mt. Cauvin and the mangroves of Mahé, and conservation of highly valuable endemic species; and

_ Increased security of conservation of the highly endangered endemic species (e.g. Medusagne oppositifolia, vateria sechellarum, etc. ) by conserving more than one habitat.

Justification: The long-term security of existence of the flora and fauna depends on the maintenance of several different conservation areas throughout the island. Furthermore, there is undoubtedly much genetic variation between sub-populations. Conservation of biodiversity requires continuous monitoring and intervention, e.g. to control exotic species and prevent fire. Because of human resource limitations, the Division of Environment (DOE) should seek out local landowners, NGOs, companies, etc. who can assist in conserving these areas. It is proposed that DOE could delegate or contract out the work itself, but retain the monitoring and supervisory roles. By supporting and institutionalizing such arrangements, the proposed activities can contribute to the development of the most promising mechanism for long-term forest conservation, outside the major parks, in the Seychelles. Without the proposed action, the high biodiversity values of the areas will be depleted by encroachment of exotic species, and by conversion to other land uses.

Management of Praslin National Park, Fond Ferdinand and Curieuse National Park

Objectives: The development objective is to conserve the areas with high, internationally important biodiversity values.

The immediate objectives include:

_ improved management and effective protection of the three areas;

_ management plan and gazetted regulations for Praslin National Park;

_ Fond Ferdinand conserved with legal status, and a management plan for the area;

_ management plan for Curieuse National Park.

Justification: The Praslin National Park which includes Vallee de Mai World Heritage Site is managed by FS (areas outside Vallee de Mai) and by SIF (Vallee de Mai). The National Park does not have an overall management plan to ensure the long-term security of existence of its flora and fauna. The National Park has legal status, but no gazetted regulations which would stipulate rules for the park.

Fond Ferdinand is an area of important biodiversity values without any protection. It is the second most important site for "coco de mer". Recently, a fire incidence destroyed part of Fond Ferdinand. That could happen also for Vallee de Mai. It is therefore advisable to have at least two different stands for endangered plant species. Fond Ferdinand would be a kind of reserve gene bank for "coco de mer". It is important to secure its protection.

Curieuse National Park is a third important conservation area located close to Praslin. The park does not have a valid management plan which would be required for operational planning of effective management operations.

Propagation and ex situ conservation of endemic trees

Objectives: The development objective is to reduce the risk of extinction of the Seychelles' indigenous flora and re-establish valuable timber trees unique to the Seychelles.

The immediate objectives include:

_ nursery facilities for propagation of endemic and indigenous trees; and

_ seed bank for ex situ conservation of endemic trees.

Justification: The Division of Environment (DOE) intends to mobilize people to participate in conservation of endemic tree species. The first practical step will be their involvement in growing indigenous trees. Over half of the native plants of the Seychelles are endemic, including some very valuable timber trees. These trees were plundered almost to extinction by early settlers. Today, the remnant populations are still threatened, mainly by fire and the spread of invasive exotic species. Many Seychellois are aware of their unique flora and are willing to help nature by restoring it through raising the trees on their land. At the same time, the Forestry Section intends to start planting indigenous species in its afforestation work. There is an urgent need to produce seedlings for use in the forestry programmes and by the people. However, the techniques for propagation are well known for only a few species. Also the nursery facilities are limited. It will take 3-5 years to build up production to the levels that can be achieved with familiar exotic species.

Maintenance of forest ecosystem, health, vitality and integrity

The results of this Chapter are as follows:

_ gain for conservation by the legal states, which hamper other land use, the dynamic management of endemic sub-population and limitation of aggressive exotic development;

_ gain for the scientific knowledge by integrating several different biotopes I a protection research network;

_ best control against forest fire, erosion in upper land and best protection of limited water resources; and

_ gain for local development and tourism economy with the development of an ecotourism network.

The development objective is to conserve the area with high, internationally important biodiversity values.

The immediate objectives include:

_ improved management and effective protection of all the areas mentioned; and

_ management plan and gazetted regulations for the parks and their extension.

The priority of actions will evolve around:

_ limitation and control of exotic plants;

_ prevention and fight against forest fires;

_ strengthening of endemic populations through replanting schemes;

_ global protection of the biodiversity with the aim of improving the natural quality, the beauty of landscape for tourism activities, the protection of water resources and soil; and

_ the development of ecotourism activities.

Erosion Control: Several sites have been earmarked for this project. The main causes of erosion are forest fires, heavy rains and deforestation. Action to be undertaken included: the modification of the topographical structure of the slope by buildings of dry stone walls along the contour lines, and the implementation of a nursery to produce seedlings to be planted on the stored contour lines. In other parts, reinforcement of the regulations against lighting of fire during the dry season is an important action, otherwise all efforts could be wiped out in a short time.

Integrated action for the control of creepers: The development and invasion of creepers in the Seychelles is a fairly recent phenomenon, probably less that 12 years, but it manifests itself rapidly on the littoral bands and in the urban zones. The impact of creepers on the natural ecosystem can be phenomenal.

The project to control the extension and spread of creepers is divided into 2 phases:

1- inventory of the extension of creepers and the trials of techniques for its eradication; and

2- the implication for other agencies, notably NGO's and other environment groups in the large scale eradication.

Virtually all indigenous forest is mixed with introduced plant species. There are 600-700 species of introduced plants in the Seychelles, but not all are capable of spreading naturally through habitat and are out-competed with the indigenous plants. There are 2 main species posing serious threats, Cinnamon zeylanicum and Albizzia paraserianthe.

An aggressive campaign has been launched recently for the control on the spread of creepers. Support is being given to a local entrepreneur engaged in cropping of cinnamon bark and leaves. This will in itself help to reduce the threats posed by cinnamon to natural forest.

As regards Albizia paraserianthe, it is easy to be killed by ring-barking and this can be done at low cost. The FS has embarked on an aggressive programme to ring-bark Albizzia starting from the high altitudes forest and in altitudes where indigenous and endemic plants thrive best.

Water catchments

Integrated management of water catchments in Mahé

Objectives: The development objective is to conserve the water retention capacity and soils of the eater catchments of Mahé, thus securing water availability for the population of the island.

The immediate objectives include:

_ management plans prepared for all the Catchment Zones; and

_ rehabilitation of degraded areas.

Justification: Water availability is a crucial issue in the Seychelles where water catchments are relatively small and thus the water retention capacity is limited. Both quantity and quality of water is threatened by erosion and subsequent siltation of rivers. Conservation of the main water catchments is of utmost importance.

There are no valid management plans for the Catchment Zones. For efficient management of the areas an adequate 10-year plan would be advisable. As the Catchment Zones will be divided in two sub-zones, two different types of management plans need to be prepared: the first type for conserving the water, soil resources and the biodiversity, while the second type aims at sustainable production of timber and non-wood forest products.

The production aim requires a low-intensity forest inventory to be carried out in the Catchment/Production Zones. Inventory is not required for the biodiversity sub-zones which would instead require various ecological studies.

For water and soil conservation purposes, any tree-felling in the Catchment Zone will be selective with sensitive techniques applied. There are few degraded areas in the Catchment Zones which need rehabilitation to re-introduce their water retention capacity. Rehabilitation of degraded areas in Catchment Zones may use indigenous or non-invasive exotic species, depending which will best protect soil and water.

Mapping and protection of river reserves

Objectives: The development objectives is to conserve water quality and availability for the population of the islands.

The immediate objectives include:

_ the rivers and the River Reserves of Mahé, Praslin and La Digue surveyed, delineated on maps, and demarcated in the field;

_ increased knowledge on the biology and ecology of the riverine forests, and on their hydrology; and

_ State Land and River Reserve Ordinance (Cap 150) reinforced.

Justification: Water availability is a crucial issue in the Seychelles, where the water catchments are relatively small and thus the water retention capacity limited. Both the quantity and quality of water is threatened by erosion and subsequent siltation of rivers. Protection of the main rivers with water intake, are of utmost importance. All the other rivers deserve also conservation in the special circumstances of the Seychelles.

The State Land and River Reserves Ordinance (Cap 150) stipulates that all river banks be maintained untouched under permanent tree and brush cover. The ordinance is justified in the special situation of the country but it has not been properly enforced. The enforcement requires not so much control and punishment in the case of violation, but substantial training and extension targeted to the land owners who possess land along the rivers.

Maintenance and enhancement of productive functions of forests and other wooded lands

Plantation establishment requires a series of silvicultural operations. Soil identification required in areas selected for planting. Correct selection of species depends on soil fertility and the altitude of the stand. In catchment and production zones, land clearing is avoided and endemic or indigenous species are selected for planting. The plantations are thinned regularly to produce high quality saw logs. The thinning process is on the basis of competition between trees instead of a rigid schedule according to the age of trees. It should be noted that the average plantation size is rather small in the Seychelles (0.25 to 540 ha).

Methods for improved management

The rotation period depends on the growth rate of a stand. An average rotation of 30 years has been used for mahogany and sandoricum, the 2 most commonly used species. The rotations were defined by P.T. Henry in 1976 based on rough estimates. It has been proposed to establish permanent sample plots (PSP) to establish optimum thinning schedules and rotation periods. It is recommended that the PSP be located and re-measured and new plots with varying site conditions be established including some in natural plantations. It has also been recommended that in case of plantation forests, a more accurate site classification should be applied.

Fire Prevention

_ involves the maintenance of 11 500 linear metres wide of firebreaks around the Natural reserves of Praslin including Vallee de Mai;

_ identification of sites for the installation of 2 fire look out posts on Praslin and to start their installation; and

_ completion of the maintenance of fire breaks on Mahé.

Maintenance and enhancement of protective functions in forest management

The most common form of protection is the establishment of firebreaks to form fuel-less zones where a fire cannot burn. For rapid detection, 2 fire-towers are being erected as well as a radio communication network set-up.

There is a legal requirement for fire permits during certain seasons. Public awareness campaign should be a continuous process. Certain NGO's are also involved in public awareness campaigns.

The use of fire retardant species as a belt around fire breaks is encouraged. During the dry seasons, forestry has half of its labourers on standby for fire control activities. In cases when there is an outbreak, mobilization of other government employees can be done.

As regards to fire fighting equipment and transport, the FS has benefited from donations from Countries like Australia, Germany and South Korea. The French and Finnish Government have organized training for staff members.

Lately a Forest Fire Contingency Plan has been prepared to provide efficient co-ordination of resources during an outbreak.

Forest fire prevention and control

Objectives: The development objective is to prevent the destruction of important forests through fires.

The immediate objectives include:

_ fighting forest fires by forestry staff, police, army and other government staff; and

_ increasing public awareness and knowledge on forest fire prevention.

Justification: Fire can destroy in hours what has taken decades to produce. In term of biological diversity a large-scale fire can destroy what has taken millennia to produce. Burnt areas are usually colonized by opportunistic exotic species. The soils of the Seychelles are so poor that, in some cases, no vegetation regenerates and chronic soil erosion sets in. Fire has been a severe problem in Praslin, because it is drier and because fire was used in the past as a symbol of political protest. Prevention depends on fire-breaks and on local residents being careful. The extension programme proposed in FOR1 will be crucial in this regard. Rapid control needs a combination of local participation and the availability of a trained team, mobility and equipment. Forestry Section has some fire control equipment on Praslin and Mahé, but it is insufficient. The Police, and perhaps the Army, have expressed willingness to make personnel available but they will need training.

Maintenance and enhancement of socio-economic benefits

The scenic beauty and amenities provided by the forest is the main, even if indirect, economic benefit of the forest of the Seychelles. Without the forests and the wildlife which the forests provide, tourism would likely not be there. Another aspects, not less important from the tourism's point of view, is the biodiversity of the forests: it is not only the beauty of the green tropical islands that lure the tourists, but also the fame of the unique ecology and rare species of both flora and fauna of the country. Ecotourism is likely to be a rapidly expanding non-price sensitive industry, and the Seychelles is in an excellent position to tap it.

For the past three years the number of visitors to the Seychelles has been nearly 100 000 per year, with the average length of stay being 10 nights. In addition, there is an increasing number of cruise visitors, about 8 700 in 1992.

Vallee de Mai is a major attraction, with about 50 000 visitors per year, including a high proportion of cruise passengers. The entry fee is U$ 10 per person, so the total revenue generated for SIF is SR1.25 million.

The number of tourists using nature trails in the forests on Mahé is not known, but is probably small. Specialist groups of botanists or ornithologists are very few, probably less that 1% of the total market. Residents, especially expatriates, make use of the forests for recreation.

The total number of visitors can be expected to go up, particularly in Praslin where additional accommodation is being provided.

The Tourism Department plans to launch a new marketing image for the Seychelles, with a stronger ecotourism element added to the sun, sea and sand. This can be expected to stimulate demand for the easily accessible forest areas, with good services e.g. Vallee de Mai, Curieuse Island, La Veuve Reserve. On Mahé it would be possible to improve visitor services and increase numbers at La Reserve/Brulee. Silhouette has potential as a rugged and demanding day trip attraction, but services should be set up.

Adequacy of legal, institutional and policy frameworks for sustainable forest management

The forest policy statement is based on the broader environmental policy of the Government which is expressed in the environmental management plan of the Seychelles. The Forest policy takes into account the National Land Use Plan. The forest policy evolves also from the various relevant international conventions and documents, particularly those adopted in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

The forest policy statement aims at establishing the basic principles, broad objectives, main forest functions and priorities and strategies for forestry in the Seychelles.

Forest Policies of the Seychelles are based on:

1- The sustainable principle: the sustainable use and adequate conservation of the forest resources and ecosystems enabling to meet the needs of the present generation without preventing future generations to meet their needs.

2- The efficiency principle: the forms and techniques of sustainable utilization and conservation of forest resources which are most efficient in producing the desired objectives (environmental, social and economic) shall be used.

3- The precautionary principle: introduction of appropriate procedures to avoid or minimize potentially adverse impact of activities on conservation and sustainable use of forest resources and ecosystems.

4- The principle of restoration and creation: where possible biological diversity should be restored and /or (re) created or the original state re-established where practicable, and thereby adopting measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their reintroduction into their habitat under appropriate conditions.

5- The principles of public participation and public access to information: creating sufficient and active public support for measures regarding conservation and sustainable use of the forest resources and ecosystems by involving public and private landowners, the scientific community, and other individuals and civic groups in the decision making process, through media and the inclusion of these topics in education programmes.

The forestry sector will aim at:

_ Environmental objectives:

1. conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems;

2. provision of habitat for endemic flora and fauna;

3. prevent any further extinction of the unique flora and fauna;

4. maintain or improve forest cover in catchment areas of the inner islands; thereby protecting the potable water resources, as well as the coastal areas against erosion and siltation;

5. in defined zones of Mahé, Praslin, Silhouette and Curieuse, increase gradually the proportion of indigenous species until the forest becomes predominantly indigenous;

6. maintain the beauty of the forested landscape of the Seychelles;

7. increase the commitment and capability of the local people to conserve their environment.

_ Social objectives:

1. employment creation by providing employment opportunities, particularly for youths; and

2. social stability by creating employment opportunities, especially in rural areas.

_ Economic objectives:

1. import substitution for wood and NWFP and services whenever economically feasible, producing sustainably high quality raw material for local wood-based industry, particularly sawmilling, furniture production, and construction as well as the artisanal sector;

2. generation of export revenues from high quality timber and timber products from the existing plantations of the exotic tree species, as well as non-timber forest products from semi-natural forests, whenever feasible;

3. enhancement of the amenity and conservation of biodiversity and the environment, thus improving the comparative advantage of the tourist industry;

4. sustainability of the productive potential of land by providing adequate tree cover and the protection of land from erosion;

5. sustainability of water supply by improving the retention capacity of soil, controlling erosion, and protecting rivers, waterways, dams and coastal areas.

The main forest functions in the Seychelles are the following, in the order of priority:

_ biodiversity conservation;

_ soil and water conservation;

_ production of wood and non-wood forest products.

Strategy Initiatives that are being carried out:

_ management plans prepared and implemented for the Morne Seychellois, National Park and Praslin National park (including Vallee de Mai);

_ expansion of the quantity and diversity of indigenous, particularly endemic, tree seedlings produced in nurseries;

_ conservation of the most endangered or valuable plant species;

_ effective prevention of forest fires, particularly in Praslin;

_ adequate reforestation of deforested areas; and

_ effective protection of all the main rivers and their catchment areas.

Table 1: Forest area (ha)

Island names	Total area (ha)	Forest area (ha)
Mahé	15 470	9 820
Praslin	3 760	2 250
Curieuse	290	290
La Digue	1 010	560
Silhouette	2 000	1 520
Others	23 010	21 000
TOTAL	45 540	35 440

Table 2: Forest area by vegetation type (ha)

Islands	Vegetation type (ha)
	Albizia	Mixed	Plantation	Coconut	Bush	Deforested	Others	Total
Mahé	950	3 690	380	2 290	4 370	40	3 750	15 470
Praslin	40	1 180	60	70	1 260	300	840	3 750
Curieuse	0	110	10	10	90	60	10	290
La Digue	10	330	0	100	230	0	340	1 010
Silhouette	410	400	0	430	600	0	160	2 000
Others	0	18 600	4 400	0	0	0	2 020	23 020
Total	1 410	24 070	4 850	2 900	6 550	400	5 110	45 540

Table 3: Forest area by management zone (ha)

Islands	Management zone (ha)
	Biodiversity	Catchment Biodiversity	Catchment Production	Production	Non -Forest	Total
Mahé	870	4 190	4 440	180	5 790	15 470
Praslin	330	1 040	1 080	0	1 310	3 760
Curieuse	290	0	0	0	0	290
La Digue	20	330	170	0	490	1 010
Silhouette	480	1 380	0	0	140	2 000
Total	1 990	6 940	5 690	180	7 730	22 530

Table 4: Biodiversity zones

Island names	Site names	Total (ha)
Mahé	Congo Rouge/Mt. Seychellois Peak/Mt. Cotton/Mt. Jasmin	630
	La Reserve/Brulee	110
	Mt. Sebert	80
	Mt. Cauvin, Mt. Palmiste 10	40
	total	870
Praslin	Praslin National Park; Fond Ferdinand (10 ha)	330
Curieuse	Curieuse Island, including mangroves	290
La Digue	Veuve	20
Silhouette	Silhouette highlands	290
	Silhouette lowlands, All mangrove swamps	190
	total	480
Total		1 990

Table 5: Catchment zones (ha)

Name of places	Biodiversity area	Production area	Total area
All of Mahé	4 190	4 440	8 270
Northern Mahé 270	770		1 040
Morne Seychellois National Park	2 370	840	3 210
Mt. Sebert Mt. Planeau	900	1 020	1 920
Southern Mahé	650	1 810	2 460
Praslin, Curieuse and La Digue	990	1 250	2 240
Silhouette	1 380	0	1 380
Total	6 560	5 690	12 250

Table 6: Timber volumes by vegetation types (m³)

Island names	Vegetation type (m³)
	Albizia	Mixed	Plantation	Coconut dominant	Bush	Other	Total
Mahé	90 250	276 750	380 000	1 374 000	152 950	112 500	807 850
Praslin	3 800	88 500	6 000	4 200	44 100	25 200	171 800
Curieuse	0	8 250	1 000	600	3 150	300	13 300
La Digue	950	24 750	0	6 000	8 050	10 200	49 950
Silhouette	38 950	30 000	0	25 800	21 000	4 800	120 550
Others	0	139 500	440 000	0	0	300	1835 300
All Islands	133 950	1 823 250	485 000	174 000	229 250	153 300	2 998 750

Table 7: Timber volumes by management zones (m³)

Island names	Management zone (m³)
	Biodiversity	Catchment Biodiversity	Catchment Production	Production	Non-Forest	Total
Mahé	43 550	233 730	260 860	13 430	253 290	807 850
Praslin	39 930	33 330	45 330	0	53 220	171 800
Curieuse	13 300	0	0	0	0	13 300
La Digue	1 410	17 100	12 180	0	19 530	49 950
Silhouette	288 200	87 620	0	0	4 110	120 550
Total	129 740	371 780	318 370	13 430	330 150	1 163 450