 | CIFA Occasional Paper No. 4 REPORT
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| The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. |
PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT
This document contains the Report of the Consultation on Fisheries Problems in the Sahelian Zone (Bamako, Mali, 13–20 November 1974) as well as the working and information papers submitted at the meeting.
| Distribution: | Bibliographic reference: |
| FAO Department of Fisheries | Consultation on Fisheries Problems in the Sahelian Zone, Bamako, Mali, 13–20 November 1974 (1975) |
| Field Liaison Division (DDF) | |
| UNDP | CIFA Occas.Pap., (4):331 p. |
UNDP Resident Representatives in the Sahelian Zone of Africa | Report of the ..... |
FAO Country Representatives in the Sahelian Zone of Africa | Meeting report. Inland waters. Floodplains. Hydrology. Ecology. Fisheries. Fish culture. Bibliographies. Commercial fishing. Processing fishery products. Marketing. Africa, Sahelian Zone. |
| FAO Regional Office for Africa | |
Regional and international organizations concerned | |
| Participants |
ELECTION OF THE OFFICERS FOR THE CONSULTATION
DISCUSSIONS ON TECHNICAL MATTERS
National Reports
Climatology
Hydrology
Biology of the Sahelian Fisheries
Monitoring Production and Effort
The Fisheries Ecology of the Floodplains
Possibility of Fish Culture in the Sahelian Zone
Fish and Fisheries Technology
Training
Organization of Inland Fishery Administration
Action Programme of Assistance to the Fisheries of the Sahelian Zone
Annex 1 - LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Annex 2 - OPENING ADDRESS BY HIS EXCELLENCY TIEOULE KONATE, MINISTER OF FINANCE, INTERIM FOR HIS EXCELLENCY, THE MINISTER OF PRODUCTION
Annex 3 - ADDRESS BY MR. J.P. SCHELLENBERG, RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNDP IN MALI
Annex 4 - ADDRESS OF MR. IBRAHIMA KONATE, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY OF THE CILSS (INTER-STATE COMMITTEE FOR DROUGHT RELIEF IN THE SAHEL)
Annex 6 - BIOLOGY OF THE SAHELIAN FISHERIES by J. Daget
A. Chad Basin
B. Voltas Basin
C. Niger Basin
D. Senegal Basin
E. General Remarks and Conclusions
Annex 7 - FISH PROCESSING AND MARKETING by Dr. Charbonnier
A. At the Level of Fish Processing
B. At the Level of Fish Marketing
Mali
Lake Chad
Niger - Dahomey
Upper Volta
Senegal - Mauritania
Sudan
Annex 8 - ACTION PROGRAMME OF ASSISTANCE TO THE FISHERIES OF THE SAHELIAN ZONE
Annex 9 - REGIONAL PROJECT FOR THE REVIEW OF FISHERIES PROBLEMS IN THE SAHELIAN ZONE
Annex 10 - MISSION ON FISHERIES PROBLEMS IN THE SAHELIAN ZONE RAF/74/055
The fisheries ecology of African floodplains R.L. Welcomme
2. THE MORPHOLOGY OF FLOODPLAINS
2.1 General Morphology
2.2 Classification of Floodplains
2.3 Distribution and Area
3.1 Flood Regimes
3.2 Physical and Chemical Factors
3.3 Phytoplankton and Other Organisms
3.4 Summary
5.1 Distribution of Fish within the System
5.2 Migration
5.3 Reproduction
5.4 Feeding
5.5 Growth
5.6 Mortality
5.7 Summary
6.1 Seasonality of Fishing
6.2 Fishing by Confining Fish
6.3 Fishing for Migrating Fish
7.1 Productivity
7.2 Standing Stocks
7.3 Catch
7.4 Fluctuations in Catch between Years
7.5 Summary
8. EFFECTS ON FISHERIES OF OTHER USES OF THE FLOODPLAIN
8.1 Dams
8.2 Irrigation
8.3 Pollution
9.1 Models of Floodplain Fisheries
9.2 Management of Floodplains
Evolution of the fisheries in the Lake Chad Basin during the last five years A. Stauch and O.K. Oji-Olala
1. Introduction
2. The Fisheries
3. Fish Statistics
4. Traffic Census
5. Analysis of the Data obtained during Five Years.
6. Estimation of the Processed Fish
7. Fluctuation of the Prices
8. Conclusion
9. References
Annex I - Baga Road (in metric tons)
II - N'Djamena Road (in metric tons)
IV - Percentage Yearly Distribution of Products per Town
V - Progress or Regress Indices of Products per Destination
VI - Baga Road (in metric tons)
VII - N'Djamena Road (in metric tons)
IX - Percentage Distribution of Catch per Landing Area
X - Progress or Regress of Catches per Landing Area
XI - Comparison of the Catch between the Southern and Northern Part of the Lake
Precipitation-Climatology of the Sub-Sahara Zone (10°–20°N) D. Winstanley
2. RAINFALL IN THE SUB-SAHARA ZONE
2.1 Rainfall regime
2.2 Variability of rainfall
2.3 Evolution of the drought
2.4 Rainfall distribution patterns in individual years
2.5 Mapping the southward shift of the Sahara
3. RAINFALL AND RIVER DISCHARGE
3.1 Rainfall and river regimes
3.2 Relationship between rainfall and river discharge
4. RAINFALL IN THE SUB-SAHARA ZONE IN RELATION TO THE GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
5. FUTURE CLIMATE AND RIVER FLOW
The great basic sources of natural energy (insolation, precipitations) J. Louis (Rapporteur)
2.1 Analytical method of the numerical series
2.2 Analytical method of the profiles
A. Analysis of the numerical series (Solar adjustment)
B. Study of the profiles (Local adjustment)
Drought in the West African Sahel and its consequences on the flood zones in the Niger, Senegal and Lake Chad Basins J.P. Lamagat
2. ANALYSIS ELEMENTS OF THE DROUGHT
2.1 Climatic zones in West Africa
2.2 Pluviometric data
2.3 Hydrological data
3. HISTORICAL ASPECT OF THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE SINCE 1968
5.1 The Niger Basin
5.2 Lake Chad
5.3 Senegal Basin
Hydrological evolution of Lake Chad during the drought A. Chouret and J. Lemoalle
1. Description of the environment
2. Chari floods in 1972–73 and 1973–74
3. Hydrological development of Lake Chad
3.1 Year-to-year variation of the lake level from 1900 to July 1972
3.2 Geomorphological trend of the lake from 1972 to 1974
3.3 Variations in the level from 1972 to 1974
3.31 Open water in the south at Kalom
3.32 The Baga Kawa Region
3.33 Southeastern archipelago at Bol
3.34 Northern basin at Kindjéria
3.35 Northern basin at Baga Kiskra
3.36 Northern basin at Malamfatori
Evolution of fisheries of the River Senegal Basin during the last five years (Abstract) A.O. Fall
National reports on the present status of fisheries in the Sahelian waters and plans for short and long-term development 1
1. The Nature and Development of Inland Fisheries in Ethiopia
2. Long and Short-Term Plans of the Fisheries Division
3. Short-Term Projects
4. Long-Term Projects
APPENDIX - Morphometries and Environmental Conditions of Ethiopian Lakes
1. Introduction
2. Importance of Fisheries
3. Effects of the Drought on Fisheries
4. National Fisheries Development Plans
5. Major Constraints to Fisheries Development
FAO inland fisheries projects in the Sahelian Zone G. Rude
REGIONAL PROJECT FOR THE REVIEW OF FISHERIES PROBLEMS IN THE SAHELIAN ZONE
The effects of the West African drought on the Sahelian fisheries W.Q-B. West
4. EFFECT ON THE WATER SYSTEMS
6. EFFECT ON THE FISHING INDUSTRY
7. SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bibliography on hydrobiology and fisheries of the Chad, Niger and Senegal Basins G. Ardizzone
Data on the major inland waters of the Sahelian Zone Secretariat's compilation
THE LAKES AND RIVERS OF THE CHAD BASIN/LACS ET COURS D'EAU DU BASSIN DU TCHAD
Chad (lake)/Tchad (lac)
Chari (river/fleuve)
Logone (river/fleuve)
Iro (lake/lac)
THE NIGER-BENUE SYSTEM/SYSTEME NIGER-BENOUE
LAKES OF THE CENTRAL DELTA/LACS DU DELTA CENTRAL
Aougoundou
Do
Faguibine
Gakore
Haribonga
Horo
Kobongo
Korarou
Niangaye
Tele/Télé
Kainji (reservoir/lac artificiel)
LAKES OF THE TOUBOURI DEPRESSION/LACS DE LA DEPRESSION DE TOUBOURI
THE LAKES AND RIVERS OF THE SENEGAL SYSTEM/LACS ET FLEUVES DU SYSTEME DU SENEGAL
Senegal (river)/Sénégal (fleuve)
Guiers (lake/lac)
Rkiz (lake/lac)
THE COASTAL RIVERS/FLEUVES COTIERS
Gambia (river)/Gambie (fleuve)
List of inland fishery workers in the Sahelian Zone Secretariat's compilation
Regional Organizations/Organisations régionales
International Organizations working in the Region/Organisations internationales opérant dans la région
A brief review of the inland fisheries of the Sahelian Zone Secretariat's compilation
ANNEX 2 - List of fishes commonly caught in the Lake Chad, Niger River and Senegal River
Preliminary catalogue of cultivated and cultivable fish species in the Sahelian Zone Secretariat's compilation
Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Bagridae)
Barbus occidentalis (Cyprinidae)
Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Bagridae)
Chrysichthys walkeri (Bagridae)
Citharidium ansorgei (Citharinidae)
Citharinus citharus (Citharinidae)
Gymnarchus niloticus (Gymnarchidae)
Hemichromis fasciatus (Cichlidae)
Heterotis niloticus (Osteoglossidae)
Labeo senegalensis (Cyprinidae)
Lates niloticus (Centropomidae)
Mugil grandisquamis (Mugilidae)
Polypterus senegalus (Polypteridae)
Sarotherodon galileus (Cichlidae)
Sarotherodon heudeloti (Cichlidae)
Sarotherodon macrochir (Cichlidae)
Sarotherodon mossambica (Cichlidae)
Sarotherodon multifasciata (Cichlidae)
Sarotherodon niloticus (Cichlidae)
Sarotherodon tholloni (Cichlidae)
Tetraodon fahaka (Tetraodontidae)
Monograph on Operation Fisheries (Opération pêche), Mopti P. Raimondo
1.1 Location
1.2 Relief
1.3 Climate
1.31 Winds
1.32 Temperatures
1.33 Rainfall
1.34 Relative Humidity
1.35 Evaporation
1.5 Biological Factors: Flora and Fauna
1.51 Aquatic Vegetation
1.52 Invertebrates
1.53 Fish
1.54 Predominant Species
1.55 Predators
2.1 Population
2.2 Ethnic Groups
2.3 Density
2.4 Habitat
2.5 Nomadism
3.11 Areas
3.12 Yields
3.13 Boats
3.14 Outboard Motors
3.15 Fishing Gear
3.21 Marketing Forecast for 1974
3.3 Quantitive Evaluation of Total Production (1973)
Vocational training centre for fishery field assistants in Mali P. Raimondo
2.1 Admission
2.2 Selection
2.3 Duration of training and final examination
3.1 Equipment and supplies
3.2 Instructors
3.3 Funds
4. PROGRAMME CONTENT AND ELABORATION
5. PEDAGOGIC CONSIDERATIONS ON PROGRAMME CONTENT
5.1 Conceptualization of the things the trainees know
5.2 Things that one must know
5.3 Techniques
6.1 First principle: Communication and participation
6.2 Second principle: Progression
6.3 Third principle: Concretization
6.4 Fourth principle: Equilibrium and alternation
How to train extension workers P. Raimondo
2. AROUSING THE SPIRIT OF CREATION AND INVENTION
2.1 Creating
2.2 Observing and Analysing
2.3 Comparing
2.4 Questioning Values
3. PROVIDING THE MEANS OF EFFECTIVE ACTION
3.1 Causality
3.2 Responsibility
3.3 Risking
3.4 Technique
3.5 Instructors (“animateurs”)
Memo for the instructor (Animateur) P. Raimondo
2. ORGANIZATION OF INSTRUCTORS'TEAMS
2.1 Teaching methods
2.2 Assignments
2.3 Meetings
Organization of the fishery industry in Mali A. Szabo