Malta water resources review

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Rome, 2006

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© FAO 2006

Contents

Part I ( 623 KB)

Acknowledgements
Foreword
List of acronyms
Glossary
Executive summary

1. Introduction
The main challenges in managing Malta’s water resources
Meeting the demand for water
Protecting the resource base
Improving water governance
Supplying water at an acceptable cost
Improving the infrastructure
Increasing supply and limiting demand
Collaboration with FAO
Aims of the report

2. Basic facts about Malta
Physiography and demography
Historical developments

3. National economic and political setting
National economic, social and environmental objectives
National legislation
European water directives
Implementation of EU directives

4. Water governance
Regulation and accountability
Water services
Sectoral responsibilities
Civil society

5. Water resources
Climate
Rainfall
Evapotranspiration
Runoff
Geological structure
Hydrogeological considerations
Groundwater balance
Outflow of groundwater to the sea
Groundwater quality
Potential impacts of climate change

6. Water-related infrastructure
Water production
Urban water supply
Agricultural water supply
Runoff collection
Use of treated sewage effluent
Private and commercial boreholes and RO plants
Pipe network
Delivery system losses
Sewage and sewerage
Assets and asset management plans
Service-level agreements
Emergency planning

Part II ( 758 KB)

7. Water demand
Overview of current demand
Overview of the current status of water resources
Domestic water demand
Agricultural water demand
Livestock water demand
Industrial water demand
Tourism water demand
Environmental water demand

8. Economics of water
Financing
Costs
Pricing
Water tariffs
Willingness to pay
Willingness to pay for recycled water
Revenue collection
Value of water
Economic incentives and pricing principles

9. Options and opportunities for improved water management
Constraints on improved water management 65
Risks to the successful introduction of improved water management practices
Options and opportunities

10. Water demand scenarios and possible water supply strategies
The Water Management Vision
Water demand scenarios
Scenario I
Scenario II
Scenario III
Scenario IV
Scenario assessment and strategy implementation

11. Next steps
Bibliography