Infrastructure

Year: 2005

Number of plant quarantine officers authorized to inspect/certify

30 000

Total qualified personnel for plant pest risk analysis

200

Number of quarantine offices

5 557

598

10

4 949

Number of quarantine service diagnosis laboratories

63

In-country recognized pest diagnostics capabilities
(incl. universities, etc.)

Number of laboratories for insect/mite (arthropod) samples

Number of laboratories for bacteria samples

Number of laboratories for virus samples

Number of laboratories for fungus samples

Number of laboratories for mycoplasma samples

Number of laboratories for nematode samples

Number of laboratories for plant/weed samples

Number of laboratories for other pests (snail, slug, rodents, etc.)

International Trade

Year: 2005

Main Import Plant Commodities

Main countries/areas of origin

Quantity (tons)

USA, Brazil, Argentina

26.59 million

Canada, Australia, USA

3.51 million

Thailand, Viet Nam, Indonesia

3.33 million

Main Export Plant Commodities

Main destination countries

Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia

8.61 million

EU, Southeast Asia, North America

2.04 million

Cooperation Projects

Title (Purpose/Target)

Years (start-end)

Title of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

Institutional Functions

Year: 2005

Number of import permits issued

19 000

Number of import inspections carried out

Number of emergency phytosanitary treatments taken on imports

Number notifications of non-compliance

Number of conventional phytosanitary certificates issued

529 000

Number of electronic phytosanitary certificates issued

0

Number of quarantine pests intercepted

Year:

Top three commodities

Top three pest/commodity

# of interceptions

Lists of Regulated Pests

Year of last update

Insects

Pathogens

Plants

Number of quarantine pests

38

Number of regulated non-quarantine pests

Number of regulated import articles

Web source for further information: www.aqsiq.gov.cn

Pest Risk Analysis

Insects

Pathogens

Plants

No. of PRA completed and documented (according to ISPM)

Web source for further information:
http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Updated the domestic quarantine pest list
Finished 3 modern post-entry plant quarantine containment facilities
Investments doubled

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, raining, etc.)

New quarantine staff must be trained before engaged

Implementation of ISPM

Relevance

Implementation

Planned/Actual
Year of full implementation

International Measures

ISPM 01 Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade

ISPM 02 Guidelines for pest risk analysis

ISPM 03 Code of conduct for the import and release of exotic biological control agents

ISPM 04 Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas

ISPM 05 Glossary of phytosanitary terms

ISPM 06 Guidelines for surveillance

ISPM 07 Export certification system

ISPM 08 Determination of pest status in an area

ISPM 09 Guidelines for pest eradication programmes

ISPM 10 Requirements for the establishment of pest free places of production and pest free production sites

ISPM 11 Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests

ISPM 12 Guidelines for phytosanitary certificates

ISPM 13 Guidelines for the notification of
noncompliance and emergency action

ISPM 14 The use of integrated measures in a systems approach for pest risk management

ISPM 15 Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade

ISPM 16 Regulated non-quarantine pests: concept and application

ISPM 17 Pest reporting

ISPM 18 Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure

ISPM 19 Guidelines on lists of regulated pests

ISPM 20 Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system

ISPM 21 Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests

ISPM 22 Requirements for the establishment of areas of low pest prevalence

ISPM 23 Guidelines for inspection

ISPM 24 Guidelines for the determination and

recognition of equivalence of phytosanitary measures

ISPM 25 Consignments in transit

ISPM 26 Establishment of pest free areas for fruit flies (Tephritidae)

ISPM 27 Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests

Comments/Constraints

Policies (regarding invasive/migratory species management)

Yes

No

National strategy to control serious field pest outbreaks?

x

National strategy to control migratory or periodically occurring pests?

x

National strategy to eradicate serious newly invaded exotic pests?

x

Other policies: (e.g. subsidies, etc.)
In 2005, the amount of $22.5 million RMB Yuan were subsidized from national government for control of migratory and grain pests

Web source for further information: www.agri.gov.cn

Organization of Outbreak
Management Functions

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Field/Storage Pest Outbreaks

(e.g. BPH, bollworm, etc.)

Response strategy/plans

MOA/CPD/PPQD, SFA
MOA/NATESC + Provincial Plant Protection Stations

MOA/NATESC/Pest forecast division, SFA

MOA/NATESC/Pest management division, SFA

Migratory Pest Outbreaks

(e.g. locusts, birds, armyworm)

Response strategy/plans

MOA/DCP/PPQD, SFA

MOA/NATESC/Pest forecast division, SFA

MOA/NATESC/Pest management division, SFA

New Exotic Pest Eradication

(e.g. coconut beetle)

Response strategy/plans

MOA/DCP/PPQD, SFA

MOA/NATESC/Plant quarantine division, SFA

Control/eradication

MOA/NATESC/Plant quarantine division, SFA

Reporting to bilateral or international organizations

Infrastructure

Year: 2005

Number of designated staff for surveillance of field pests of national importance

15 351

Number of designated staff for surveillance of migratory and periodically occurring pests

15 351

Number of designated staff for surveillance of invasive species

 8 692

Number of designated staff for control of field pests of national importance

29 512

Number of designated staff for control of migratory and periodically occurring pests

29 512

Number of designated staff for eradication of invasive species

New exotic species found established in country

Insects

Pathogens

Weeds

Total number for year: Most recent

9

12

1

Total number for year: year before 2000

8

2

3

Total number on record

17

14

4

Eradication or internal quarantine actions taken against economically important species

Name of species

Year of first discovery

Imported waste material

Location of first discovery

Guangdong Wuchuan

Area affected [ha]

Area treated [ha]

Control method

6 million US$

Pest outbreak actions

Outbreak 1

Outbreak 2

Outbreak 3

Name of species

Wheat stripe rust

Year of outbreak

Area affected [ha]

Estimated damage $

210 million tons

63 million tons

Area treated by government [ha]

Expenditures by government [$]

Control method

Pesticides, biopesticides

Seed treatments, crop diversities, fungicides

More information

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Policies (regarding pest management)

Yes

No

Do you have policies encouraging organic or low-pesticide use production

x

Is IPM specifically mentioned in laws or policy documents?

x

Do you have official Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) or any other relevant food safety (ecofood, etc.) standards for pest management?

x

Is pest management extension separate from general extension?

x

Other policies: (subsidies, production inputs, etc.)

Web source for further information: http://www.ppq.gov.cn

Organization of Plant Protection Functions

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Policy development

MOA/CPD/PPQD, SFA

Pest management research

MOA/NATESC, SFA

Control recommendations

MOA/NATESC, SFA

Pest management extension

MOA/NATESC, Plant protection station at county, prefecture and provincial levels. SFA

MOA/NATESC, Plant protection station at county, prefecture and provincial levels. SFA

Plant protection station at county, prefecture and provincial levels

Infrastructure

Year: 2005

Number of technical officers for pest management

29 512

Number of central, regional, provincial or state offices

600

Number of district and village level field offices

10 865

Number of field/extension agents for pest management advice

19 026

Number of field/extension agents trained in IPM-FFS facilitation

1 036

Number of government biocontrol production/distribution facilities

NA

Number of government biopesticide production/distribution facilities

NA

Number of general extension staff involved in pest management

29 512

Number of designated plant protection technical officers for extension

29 512

Pest Management

Yes

No

Does the country have a National IPM Programme?
If yes, give Name and Address of IPM Programme: NATESC, MAO

x

Does the country have specific IPM extension programmes?
If yes, in which crops?: Vegetables and Fruits

x

Does the country have specific IPM research programmes?
If yes, in which crops?:

x

Does the country have specific GAP extension programmes?
If yes, in which crops?: Apple

x

Does the country have specific GAP research programmes?
If yes, in which crops?:

x

Market shares (estimated value, volume or area under control)

Year: 2005

Size of chemical pest control market

260.71 M ha

Size of biopesticides market

29.80 M ha

Size of biological control agents market

8.45 M ha

Major pest control requiring crops (requiring most pesticide applications)

1st

2nd

3rd

Rice [2005]

Vegetables [2005]

Cotton [2005]

Name(s) of pest(s)

Rice borers, BPH, Leaf feeders, Rice blast, Sheath blight

Leaf miners, Cater­pillars, DBM, White-flies, Soil diseases, Leaf diseases

Cotton bollworm, Aphids, Lygus bugs

Estimated crop loss

630 million tons

1 119 million tons

35.1 million tons

10.87 million ha

26 million ha

2.61 million ha

Number of pesticide applications or amount of pesticide used

10.67 million ha

1.76 million ha

Government action taken

Cooperation Projects

Years (start-end)

IPM-FFS in vegetables

450 000 US$

2003-2007

Purpose/Target of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

Matching funds for IPM-FFS in vegetables and fruits

100 000 US$

2005-2007

Pest Management Extension

Year: 2005

Number of farmers trained in IPM during the year

2 400

Number of IPM-FFS conducted during the year

85

Number of farmers trained in GAP standards during the year

NA

Area under IPM/low pesticide management [ha]

NA

Area under organic/pesticide-free management [ha]

Crops in which IPM or other ecology friendly programmes are successfully implemented: Rice, cotton, wheat, locusts

Crops grown organic/pesticide-free:

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Policies (regarding pesticide management)

No

Do you have national pesticide reduction targets?
If yes, what is the target:
Note: Reduce the production of high toxic pesticides and persistence organic
pollution pesticides

Note

Have you ratified the Rotterdam (PIC) Convention?

Have you ratified the Stockholm (POP) Convention?

Have your ratified the Basel Convention? (hazardous wastes)

Have your ratified the Montreal Protocol? (MeBr phasing-out)

Have you reported the observance of the Code of Conduct to FAO according to Art. 12 of the Code?

x

Have you adopted Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)?

x

Pesticide Registration

Do you require pesticides to conform to relevant FAO or WHO specifications?

Do you allow the “me-too” registration and sale of generic pesticides?

Do you require data on product equivalence for generic registration?

Do you conduct country-specific risk assessments for…

environmental risks?

Have you adopted the Global Harmonized System (GHS) for pesticides hazards evaluation and labelling?

x

Do you accept evaluation results from other countries?

x

Do you accept field studies conducted in other countries?

x

Do you require environmental fate studies?

x

Incentives/Disincentives

Do you have a special tax on pesticides to cover externality costs?

x

Do you subsidize or provide low-cost pesticides?

x

Do you subsidize or provide low-cost biopesticides?

x

Organization of Plant
Protection Functions

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

National Legislative Bureau

MOA/ICAMA and ICAs

Licensing of shops

Licensing of field applicators

Enforcement/inspections

AQSIQ, State Admin. for Industry and Commerce (SAIC), MOA

Testing of pesticide efficacy

State PPI, PPS

Development of pesticide use recommendations

Safe use training/extension

MOA/NATESC, + State PPS

Food residue monitoring

Environmental monitoring

Health monitoring

Other Stakeholders:

Pesticide Industry Association

Crop Life China, China Pesticide Industry Assoc.
China Pesticide Development and Application Assoc.

Civil Society Organizations
(NGO, etc.)

Infrastructure*

Year: 2005

Number of registration officers

445 (ICAMA:90)

Number of enforcement officers

20 000

Number of department quality control laboratories

62

Number of quality control laboratory personnel

510

Number of department residue analysis laboratories

56

Number of residue laboratory personnel

448

Total: ~30 000

*only include the laboratories belonging to MOA

Pesticide Trade:

Tons

$ ’000 Value

146 850

22 636 310

1 187 130

Domestic Use/Sales

5 670 000

Pesticide Use Profile:

Tons
(a.i./formulation to be specified)

$ ’000 Value

Chem. Fungicides

Other purposes

Testing, Quality Control and Effects in the Field

Yes

No

Do you have significant problems with low-quality pesticides in the market?

x

Do you have significant problems with pesticide resistance?

x

Do you have a list of pesticides under close observation for problems

x

Source for more information: www.chinapesticide.gov.cn

Health and Environmental Information

Yes

No

Do you maintain data on pesticide poisoning cases?

x

Do you have a system to monitor pesticide residues in food?

x

Do you have a system to monitor pesticide residues in the environment?

x

Do you have significant problems of environmental contamination from pesticides?

x

Do you have data on pesticides effects on wildlife and ecosystems?

x

Source for more information: –

Pesticide Disposal

Yes

No

Do you have system to collect and safely dispose of used containers and small quantities of left-over pesticides?

x

Do you have an inventory of outdated and obsolete pesticides in the country? (e,g. banned and no longer traded, but still in storage)

x

Do you have illegal trade in pesticides?
if yes: what is the estimated amount: _______________

x

Source for more information: –

Registration/Regulation/Monitoring

Year: 2005

a.i.*

Trade Name

Number of registered pesticide products

600

20 000

Number of registered biopesticides (Avamectrin, Bt, Neem, etc.)

150

2 000

Number of restricted-use pesticides/formulations

21

Number of banned pesticides

18

Number of licensed outlets

Number of licensed field applicators (professional and/or farmers)

Number of licensing violations reported during year

600

Number of quality control analyses conducted during year

15 000

Number of food samples analyzed for pesticide residues during year

12 000

Number of samples exceeding MRL

250

Number of environmental samples analyzed for pesticide residues

1 000

Pesticides Restricted in Recent Years

Year 

Name of active ingredient or hazardous formulation

1982, 2002 

1982 

1982 

Pesticides Banned in Recent Years

Name of active ingredient

Arsena, Acetate, Mercury compounds, dieldrin, aldrin

Fluoroacetamide

BHC, DDT, Dibromochloropropane,^^)^

Ethylene dibromide

Chlordimeform (Promugated 1990 and enforced 1992)

%mm

Tetramine, Silatrane

Nitrofen ( Promulgated 1997, production banned 2000, use banned 2001)

Methamidophos, Parathion-methyl, Parathion, Monocrotophos, Phosphamidon

Cooperation Projects

Years (start-end)

Sino-German Pesticide Quality
Control Project

Germany Government

1995-2002

Sino-German Obsolete Pesticide
Management Project

Germany Government

2004-2009

Sino-Dutch Minimize

Holland Government

2003-2007

Purpose/Target of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Genetically Modified Crops

Name of GMO Crop

Area under Cultivation [ha]

3 542 000