Agricultural Population

Agricultural Land

19.4 million ha

GDP $143 193 million

Agric. GDP: 9.4%

GNI per capita: $2 190

Undernourishment: 20%

Main crops grown:

Policies (regarding plant quarantine)

Yes

No

Does phytosanitary legislation cover domestic quarantine?

x

Does phytosanitary legislation cover import quarantine?

x

Does phytosanitary legislation cover export quarantine?

x

Does phytosanitary legislation cover living modified organisms?

x

Is plant quarantine a separate organization from animal quarantine?

x

Other policy initiatives (under review/progress)

Web sources for further information: http://www.doa.go.th, http://www.acfs.go.th

Organization of Plant
Quarantine Functions

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Pest Risk Analysis

MOAC/DOA/PPRDO/PQRG

National standards development

International notifications

Import:

Import permits

Import inspections

MOAC/DOA/OAR/PQ Stations
MOAC/DOA/PPRDO/PQRG

Emergency action

MOAC/DOA/OAR/PQ Stations

Export:

Phytosanitary certificates

MOAC/DOA/OAR/EPQS and PQ Stations
MOAC/DOA/PPRDO/PQRG

Treatment of commodities

MOAC/DOA/OAR/EPQS and PQ Stations
MOAC/DOA/PPRDO/PQRG

Infrastructure

Year: 2006

Number of plant quarantine officers authorized to inspect/certify

60

Total qualified personnel for plant pest risk analysis

6

Number of quarantine offices

entry points (sea/air/land/mail = total)

41

post-entry plant quarantine containment facilities

5

Number of quarantine service diagnosis laboratories

2

In-country recognized pest diagnostics capabilities
(incl. universities, etc.)

Number of laboratories for insect/mite (arthropod) samples

15

Number of laboratories for bacteria samples

Number of laboratories for virus samples

Number of laboratories for fungus samples

Number of laboratories for mycoplasma samples

Number of laboratories for nematode samples

Number of laboratories for plant/weed samples

Number of laboratories for other pests (snail, slug, rodents, etc.)

Pest-Free Areas
According to ISPM 10

 Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Overall management

– 

List of target pest species and crops ISPM 4

Number of sites in 2005

List of target pest species and crops ISPM 10

Number of sites in [year]

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, pomelo

1

International Trade

Year:

Main Import Plant Commodities

Main countries/areas of origin

Quantity (tons)

Malaysia

1 644

USA

1 504

USA, Australia

87, 64

Main Export Plant Commodities

Main destination countries

South Africa

69

People Republic of China

116

Sawn Para wood

People Republic of China

3 602

Cooperation Projects

Title (Purpose/Target)

Years (start-end)

Capacity building

Australia

2004-2005

Australian Fumigation Accreditation Scheme

Title of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

Institutional Functions

Year: 2005

Number of import permits issued

17 (2005)

Number of import inspections carried out

275

Number of emergency phytosanitary treatments taken on imports

475

Number notifications of non-compliance

260

Number of conventional phytosanitary certificates issued

245 525

Number of electronic phytosanitary certificates issued

–

Number of quarantine pests intercepted

Year:

Top three commodities

Top three pest/commodity

# of interceptions

Lists of Regulated Pests

Year of last update

Insects

Pathogens

Plants

Number of quarantine pests

2003

34

125

10

Number of regulated non-quarantine pests

–

–

–

Number of regulated import articles

Web source for further information:

Pest Risk Analysis

Insects

Pathogens

Plants

No. of PRA completed and documented (according to ISPM)

PRA in process for citrus, potato, tomato seed, onion, apple, shallot, corn seed, grape and garlic

Web source for further information: –

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

1. Methyl Bromide Fumigation Training by AQIS (Australian Fumigation Accreditation System)
2. National Methyl Bromide Phase-out Plan (Funded by Multilateral Fund)
3. PRA Workshop (4-10 December 2005)
4. Thailand biosecurity workshop programme delivering to AusAID PSLP “Enhanced Biosecurity for Thailand and the Mekong Subregion” (6-29 November 2005)
5. Training on Phytosanitary Principle for Plant Quarantine Officer (16-17 February 2006)
6. Drafts of 3 Ministerial Notifications

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Skill personnel, PQ. Treatment facilities, Communication network (International and Domestic), Diagnosis facilities, Administrative.

Implementation of ISPM

Relevance

Implementation

Planned/Actual
Year of full implementation

International Measures

ISPM 01 

1995

ISPM 02 

2003

ISPM 03 

1996

ISPM 04 

ISPM 05 

1995

ISPM 06 

2008

ISPM 07 

1997

ISPM 08 

2008

ISPM 09 

2008

ISPM 10 

2005

ISPM 11 

2004

ISPM 12 

2001

ISPM 13 

2001

ISPM 14 

2008

ISPM 15 

2005

ISPM 16 

2008

ISPM 17 

2002

ISPM 18 

2006

ISPM 19 

2007

ISPM 20 

2004

ISPM 21 

2008

ISPM 22 

2005

ISPM 23 

2005

ISPM 24 

2008

ISPM 25 

2006

ISPM 26 

–

ISPM 27 

–

Comments/Constraint

Policies (regarding invasive/migratory species management)

Yes

No

National strategy to control serious field pest outbreaks?

x

National strategy to control migratory or periodically occurring pests?

x

National strategy to eradicate serious newly invaded exotic pests?

x

Other policies: (e.g. subsidies, etc.)
Alien invasive species, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Web source for further information: www.pcd.go.th

Organization of Outbreak
Management Functions

 Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Field/Storage Pest Outbreaks

(e.g. BPH, bollworm, etc.)

Response strategy/plans

MOAC/DOA/PPRDO
MOAC/DOAE

MOAC/DOA/PPRDO
MOAC/DOAE

Migratory Pest Outbreaks

(e.g. locusts, birds, armyworm)

Response strategy/plans

MOAC/DOA/PPRDO
MOAC/DOAE

New Exotic Pest Eradication

(e.g. coconut beetle)

Response strategy/plans

Control/eradication

Reporting to bilateral or international organizations

MOAC/DOA
MOAC/ACFS

Infrastructure

Year: 2006

Number of designated staff for surveillance of field pests of national importance

106 (Staffs from PPRDO incl. Entomology Group, Weed Science Research Group, and Plant Pathology Group)

Number of designated staff for surveillance of migratory and periodically occurring pests

Number of designated staff for surveillance of invasive species

Number of designated staff for control of field pests of national importance

Number of designated staff for control of migratory and periodically occurring pests

Number of designated staff for eradication of invasive species

New exotic species found established in country

Insects

Pathogens

Weeds

Total number for year:

Total number for year:

Total number on record

Eradication or internal quarantine actions taken against economically important species

Name of species

Year of first discovery

Location of first discovery

Prajuabkeereekun Province

Area affected [ha]

Area treated [ha]

Biological Control

40 million baht

Pest outbreak actions

Outbreak 1

Outbreak 2

Outbreak 3

Name of species

Durian Longhorn stem borer

Year of outbreak

Area affected [ha]

Estimated damage $

Area treated by government [ha]

Expenditures by government [$]

Control method

Chemical/mechanical

More information

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Surveillance training organized by AusAID in 2004.

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Personnel, experiences

Policies (regarding pest management)

Yes

No

Do you have policies encouraging organic or low-pesticide use production

x

Is IPM specifically mentioned in laws or policy documents?

x

Do you have official Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) or any other relevant
food safety (ecofood, etc.) standards for pest management?

x

Is pest management extension separate from general extension?

x

Other policies: (subsidies, production inputs, etc.)
IPM, control of pesticide use, reduction of pesticide use

Web source for further information: www.doa.go.th

Organization of Plant
Protection Functions

 Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Policy development

Pest management research

Control recommendations

Pest management extension

MOAC/DOA
MOAC/DOAE

MOAC/DOA
MOAC/DOAE

MOAC/DOA/OARD
MOAC/DOAE

Infrastructure

Year:

Number of technical officers for pest management

Number of central, regional, provincial or state offices

8

Number of district and village level field offices

Number of field/extension agents for pest management advice

Number of field/extension agents trained in IPM-FFS facilitation

Number of government biocontrol production/distribution facilities

Number of government biopesticide production/distribution facilities

1

Number of general extension staff involved in pest management

Number of designated plant protection technical officers for extension

Pest Management

Yes

No

Does the country have a National IPM Programme?
If yes, give Name and Address of IPM Programme:
IPM development on economic crops, PPRDO

x

Does the country have specific IPM extension programmes?
If yes, in which crops?: baby corn

x

Does the country have specific IPM research programmes?
If yes, in which crops?: Durian, mangosteen

x

Does the country have specific GAP extension programmes?
If yes, in which crops?:

x

Does the country have specific GAP research programmes?
If yes, in which crops?: (Durian, longan, orchid, fresh orchid cut flower, pineapple, pomelo, coffee, non-heading type chinese cabbage, tomato, asparagus, chinese kale, onion, cabbage, chilli, yard long bean, sugar pea, baby corn, chinese cabbage, shallot, cassava, rubber, mango, tangerine, curcuma)

x

Market shares (estimated value, volume or area under control)

Year: 2005

Size of chemical pest control market

99%

Size of biopesticides market

0.5%

Size of biological control agents market

0.5%

Major pest control requiring crops
(requiring most pesticide applications)

1^st

2^nd

3^rd

Flowers & ornamentals

Name(s) of pest(s)

Spodoptera spp., Thrips spp.

FF, Thrips spp.

Thrips spp.

Estimated crop loss

Number of pesticide applications or amount of pesticide used

10-20
(mango, durian)

Government action taken

Appropriated Application techniques

Cooperation Projects

Years (start-end)

Strengthening Farmer’s IPM in
Pesticide Intensive Areas

2001-2006

Purpose/Target of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

Food Safety Programme (IPM and GAP)

2004-at present

Pest Management Extension

Year:

Number of farmers trained in IPM during the year

Number of IPM-FFS conducted during the year

Number of farmers trained in GAP standards during the year

Area under IPM/low pesticide management [ha]

Area under organic/pesticide-free management [ha]

Crops in which IPM or other ecology friendly programmes are successfully implemented: asparagus, baby corn, orchid cut flowers

Crops grown organic/pesticide-free: rice

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

40 farmers trained in vegetable IPM technology in 2006.
More than 200 000 GAP farms certified in 2005.

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Policies (regarding pesticide management)

Yes

No

Do you have national pesticide reduction targets?
If yes, what is the target: 25% in 2005

Have you ratified the Rotterdam (PIC) Convention?

Have you ratified the Stockholm (POP) Convention?

Have your ratified the Basel Convention? (hazardous wastes)

Have your ratified the Montreal Protocol? (CH₃Br phasing-out)

Have you reported the observance of the Code of Conduct to FAO according to
Art. 12 of the Code?

Have you adopted Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)?

Pesticide Registration

Do you require pesticides to conform to relevant FAO or WHO specifications?

Do you allow the “me-too” registration and sale of generic pesticides?

Do you require data on product equivalence for generic registration?

Do you conduct country-specific risk assessments for…

occupational risks?

consumer risks?

environmental risks?

Have you adopted the Global Harmonized System (GHS) for pesticides hazards evaluation and labelling?

Do you accept evaluation results from other countries?

Do you accept field studies conducted in other countries?

Do you require environmental fate studies?

Incentives/Disincentives

Do you have a special tax on pesticides to cover externality costs?

Do you subsidize or provide low-cost pesticides?

Do you subsidize or provide low-cost biopesticides?

Other policies:

Web source for further information: www.doa.go.th, www.diw.go.th

Organization of Plant
Protection Functions

 Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

MOAC/DOA/OAR
MI

Licensing of shops

Licensing of field applicators

Enforcement/inspections

Testing of pesticide efficacy

Development of pesticide use recommendations

Safe use training/extension

MOAC/DOA MOAC/DOAE

Food residue monitoring

MOAC/DOA MOPH/FDA

Environmental monitoring

MOAC/DOA MONRE/DOPC

Health monitoring

Other Stakeholders:

Pesticide Industry Association

Thai Agri-Business Assoc.; Thai Crop Protection Assoc.

Infrastructure

Year: 2006

Number of registration officers

19

Number of enforcement officers

Number of department quality control laboratories

Number of quality control laboratory personnel

Number of department residue analysis laboratories

Number of residue laboratory personnel

Pesticide Trade:

Tons

$ ’000 Value

Domestic Use/Sales

Pesticide Use Profile:

Tons
(a.i./formulation to be specified)

$ ’000 Value

Chem. Insecticides

Chem. Fungicides

Chem. Herbicides

Testing, Quality Control and Effects in the Field

Yes

No

Do you have significant problems with low-quality pesticides in the market?

x

Do you have significant problems with pesticide resistance?

x

Do you have a list of pesticides under close observation for problems

Source for more information: –

Health and Environmental Information

Yes

No

Do you maintain data on pesticide poisoning cases?

x

Do you have a system to monitor pesticide residues in food?

x

Do you have a system to monitor pesticide residues in the environment?

x

Do you have significant problems of environmental contamination from pesticides?

x

Do you have data on pesticides effects on wildlife and ecosystems?

Source for more information: –

Pesticide Disposal

Yes

No

Do you have system to collect and safely dispose of used containers and small quantities of left-over pesticides?

x

Do you have an inventory of outdated and obsolete pesticides in the country?
(e.g. banned and no longer traded, but still in storage)

Do you have illegal trade in pesticides?
if yes: what is the estimated amount: _______________

x

Source for more information: –

Registration/Regulation/Monitoring

Year: 

Number of registered pesticide products

300

Number of registered biopesticides (Avamectrin, Bt, Neem, etc.)

9

Number of restricted-use pesticides/formulations

11

Number of banned pesticides

96

Number of licensed outlets

9 389

Number of licensed field applicators (professional and/or farmers)

674

Number of licensing violations reported during year

86

Number of quality control analyses conducted during year

Number of food samples analyzed for pesticide residues during year

20 752

Number of samples exceeding MRL

756 (3.45%)

Number of environmental samples analyzed for pesticide residues

* active ingredient

Pesticides Restricted in Recent Years

Year

Name of active ingredient or hazardous formulation

Pesticides Banned in Recent Years

Cooperation Projects

Years (start-end)

Purpose/Target of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

List of banned/prohibited pesticides in 2005

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Genetically Modified Crops

Name of GMO Crop

Area under Cultivation [ha]