T5. Growing stock

The information on “growing stock” is essential to understand dynamics of forest stands, their productive capacity and to manage their use within limits of sustainability defined by their dynamics of growth.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Growing Stock	Volume of all living trees more than X cm in diameter at breast height (or above buttress if these are higher) measured over bark from ground or stump height to a top stem diameter of Y cm, excluding or including branches to a minimum diameter of Z cm. Excludes: smaller branches, twigs, foliage, flowers, seeds, stump and roots.
Commercial Growing Stock	The part of the growing stock of species, considered as actually or potentially commercial under current market conditions, measured above a minimum say “X cm” diameter at breast height. Includes: all potentially commercial (merchantable) species for domestic or international markets.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

Reference	Reliability* (H/M/L)	Variables	Years
GELDENHUYS, C.J. 1999. The need for monitoring recruitment, growth and mortality in the indigenous forests: Example from Northern Province, South Africa
GELDENHUYS, C.J. 1998. Growth, in growth and mortality patterns over stands and species in the Groenkop forest study site, George. Report ENV/P/C 98001, Division of Water, Environment & Forestry Technology, CSIR, Pretoria. 58 pp.	Reliable	Growing stock by species in Groenkop	1980-1997
Expert opinion for 2000 used for 1990

C. National Classification and Definitions

No national definitions available

D. National Data

National classes	1990			2000
	Area ‘000’ ha	Tot. vol. Mm3	Vol/ha m3	Area ‘000’ ha	Vol. Mm3	Vol/ha
Natural forests	8,309	324	39	7,448	290	39
Total plantations	1,241	449	350	1,349	472	350
Total growing stock	9,550	758		8,797	762
Mean volume			76.8226			86.69

F. Estimation and Forecasting

National class	1990	2000	2005
Growing stock forest	324 Mm3	290 Mm3	273 Mm3
Commercial Growing stock	434Mm3	472 Mm3	491 Mm3
Total growing stock	758 Mm3	762 Mm3	764Mm3

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Table: Percentage allocation into FRA 2005 classes

FRA 2005 classes	Growing stock
Forest	38%
Plantations	62%

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Input for FRA 2005

FRA 2005 class	1990	2000	2005
Growing stock forest	324 Mm3	290 Mm3	273 Mm3
Commercial Growing stock	434Mm3	472 Mm3	491 Mm3
Total growing stock	758 Mm3	762 Mm3	764Mm3

T6. Biomass Stock of Forests

The information on “biomass stocks” is essential to assess the total and the annual capacity of “forests” and Other Wooded Land” to sequester carbon. The annual growth (capacity) defines their sustenance limits of use and management needs and opportunities.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Above Ground Tree Biomass	The mass, expressed as oven-dry weight (including or excluding bark), of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees excluding stump and roots.
Below Ground Tree Biomass	The mass, expressed as oven-dry weight of below ground woody parts (includes all roots greater than 2 mm in diameter) of all living trees.
Woody Biomass Stock	The mass expressed as oven-dry weight (including bark) of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all trees, alive and dead, shrubs and bushes, including stumps, roots, deadwood and litter.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

No data available

C. National Classification and Definitions

Used density figures from FRA 2000

D. National Data

National	Million tons
	1990	2000	2005
Tot bio	1,840	1,775	1,692

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

No data available

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

No data available

H. Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Input to Global Reporting Tables

National	Million tons
	1990	2000	2005
Tot bio	1,840	1,775	1,692

T7. Carbon Stock in Forests

The information on “Carbon stock” indicate the contribution of “Forest” and Other Wooded Land” to carbon cycle and is required in international process related to mitigation of climate change like UNFCCC.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Carbon in Woody Biomass	The carbon content in the “Woody Biomass”.
Carbon in Above Ground Tree Biomass	The carbon content in the “Above Ground Tree Biomass”.
Carbon in Below Ground Tree Biomass	The carbon content in the “Below Ground Tree Biomass”.
Soil Carbon	The carbon content in the soil (mineral and organic) material at the depth or layer (X cm) of the soil with bulk density (Y Mg m-3) in “Forest and “Other Wooded Land”.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

Estimates used

C. National Classification and Definitions

IPCC definitions used

D. National Data

No data available

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

No data available

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

No data available

H. Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Above ground biomass

National	Million
	1990	2000	2005
Carbon stock above ground biomass	920	887	846

T8. Disturbances affecting Health and Vitality of Forests and Other Wooded Lands

The understanding of the “disturbances” (mainly fire, insects and diseases) is essential to develop appropriate management regimes to contain them and their impact on health and vitality of “Forest” and “Other Wooded lands”.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Forest Fire	An unplanned fire in the “Forest” and or “Other Wooded Land”, whether it broke out inside or outside the “Forest” or the “Other Wooded Land”.
Forest Insect	A forest insect is an animal belonging to the class Hexapoda with its habitat in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.
Forest Disease	A condition caused by living organisms or environmental changes that impairs the normal functions of tree or Forest.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

As in T1

C. National Classification and Definitions

No national definitions available

D. National Data

	Area in hectares
Years	1986/87	1999/00	2000/01	2001/02
Insects	202	41	165	470
Diseases	200	51	202	134
Fire	32,037	20,221	17,266	16,727

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

National class (in ha)	1990	2000	latest
Insects	202	165	470
Diseases	200	202	134
Fire	32,037	17,266	16,727

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Table: Disturbances (Percentage allocation)

National class (in ha)	Forest	OWL
Insects	100%
Diseases	100%
Forest Fire	100%

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Average area affected by fire (000 ha)

	1990	2000	latest
Forest Fire	32	17	16.7
Other	0.402	0.367	0.604

T9. Forest Tree Species

The information on forest tree species provides much needed information on tree species distribution for addressing many critical issues relating to conservation of biodiversity in Forests. It helps to meet some of the national and international reporting requirements of biodiversity.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Inventoried Forest Tree Species	A “forest tree” species in “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land”, which is measured and recorded separately in a forest inventory.
Endangered Forest Tree Species	A tree species facing a high risk of extinction in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” in the near future and included in IUCN list of endangered species.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

Source	Reliability	Type of Info.	Year
Southern African Plant Red Data List project. www.sabonet.org/reddatalist/graphic03.html		Threatened species	2000
World Resources. 2000-2001: Forest Ecosystems and threatened Tree Species		Threatened species	1990

C. National Classification and Definitions

Yield regulations	A “forest tree” species in “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land”, which is measured and recorded separately in a forest inventory.
Endangered Forest Tree Species	A tree species facing a high risk of extinction in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” in the near future and included in IUCN list of endangered species.

D. National Data

	1987-1993	1995-2000
Number of inventoried species from study growth sites	381	465
	1990	2000
Number of threatened tree species	37	65

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

No data available

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Table: Reclassification (Percentage allocation) into FRA 2005 classes

Forest Tree Species	Total Number (type) of species
	1990	2000
Inventoried Forest Tree Species from study growth sites	381	465
Endangered Forest Tree Species	37	65

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global tables

Forest Tree Species	Total Number (type) of species
	1990	2000
Inventoried Forest Tree Species	381	465
Endangered Forest Tree Species	37	65

T10. Forest composition

The information on “Forest Composition” is required for understanding dynamics of composition of forests that addresses some critical issues relating to conservation of biodiversity. It also helps in developing efficient management plan for their sustenance in addition to satisfying needs of national and international reporting relating to biodiversity.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Forest Composition

The composition of “growing stock” in “Forest” and “Other Wooded land” by each “inventoried forest tree species”.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

Reference of the Source Information	Reliability* (H/M/L)	For following Variables	For Years
Anonymous: Cost and benefit for carbon sink in Transkei	H	Carbon sink	?

C. National Classification and Definitions

No data available

D. National Data

No information is available for woodlands and indigenous forest at national level

Table: Plantations species mean l increments by 5 cm DBH class

Years	10	15	20	25	30	31	32	33
P.Elliotta	11.25	12.89	13.51	13.46	13.04	12.93	12.82	12.71
P.Taeda	19.2	21.82	22.79	22.7	21.99	21.82	21.65	21.48
P.Patula	16.11	18.56	19.65	19.83	19.47	19.37	19.27	19.17
E.Grandis	21.1	24.8	25.3	24.7	23.6	23.3	23.0	22.7

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

No data available

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Plantations	Volume/ha	Volume/ha m3/ha
E. grandis	401	638
P. taeda	353.92	587.34
P. patula	301.92	514.54
E. elliotii	209.28	348.4

T11. Wood removal

The table provides information on actual supply of “Round Wood” from “Forests”, “Other Wooded Lands” and “Other Land with Trees” (including Trees Outside Forests). It indicates the economic and social potential and utility of forest tree species in national economy and dependent local communities. It helps to monitor sustained use of tree resources by comparing actual supply with sustainable potential.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Industrial Round Wood Removal

The “round wood” removed (volume in round wood under-bark) from “Forest” or “Other Wooded Land” for production of goods and services other than source of “wood fuel” (“fuelwood”).

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

As in T1

C. National Classification and Definitions

No national definitions available

D. National Data

National Classes	Plantation23 (vol. in ‘000’ m3 as round wood under bark)		Indigenous Forest and woodland (vol. in ‘000’ m3 as round wood under bark)
	1990	2000	1990	2000
Industrial Round wood removal	13	15
Firewood	183	187	10,620	12,000
Total	196	202

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

	Commercial Plantations (1000m3)			Indigenous and woodlands (1000m3)
Year	1990	2000	2005	1990	2000	2005
Timber	13,962	15,092	15,657
Firewood	183	187	189	10,620	12,000	12,000

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Table: Reclassification (Percentage allocation) into FRA 2005 classes

National classes of Round Wood	Percentage of a National Class belonging to FRA 2005 Classes
	Industrial Round Wood	Wood Fuel (Fuelwood)
Timber harvested	99%	1%
Woodfuel		100%

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Input to Global Reporting Tables

Round Wood Supply	Volume in "million" cubic meters as round wood under bark
	Forests		Other Wooded land and Trees Outside Forest
	1990	2000	1990	2000
Industrial Round Wood	14	15
Wood Fuel (Fuelwood )	0.183	0.187	10.6	12
Total for Country	14.183	15.187	10.6	12

T12. Value of Wood Removal

The value of “ Wood Supply” indicates the “economic health” of the “Forest”, “Other Wooded Land” and “Other Lands with Trees” which is basically a function of output and demands of forest products, prices, surplus, employment and other variables. This table deals with the market value (product of price and quantity) of “wood supply”.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Value of Wood Supply

The market value of total annual supply of primary “round wood” (“industrial round wood”, and “wood fuel” or “fuelwood”).

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

As in T1

C. National Classification and Definitions

No national definitions available

D. National Data

Table: Value of Wood supply (million Rand)

National Class	1990	2000
Industrial Timber	905	2,695

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Table: Percentage of National class belonging/not belonging to FRA 2005 classes

National Class	Belonging to a FRA 2005 Class	Not belonging to a FRA 2005 class
Industrial timber	99.3%	0.07 %

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Value of Round wood supply (million Rand)

Variable	Forests
	1990	2000	2005
Industrial Round Wood Supply	899	3,243	4,415
Wood Fuel (Fuelwood ) Supply24	12.8	22.9	2,795
Total (Round Wood Supply)	912	3,266	4,443

T13. Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP) Removal

The information on “Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP) Supply” demonstrates the potential of forests in providing NWFP and indicates the priority NWFPs deserve in development of management strategies to conserve resources and to sustain and promote livelihoods of local and indigenous people dependent on them.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Non Wood Forest Products Supply

Annual removal of a Non Wood Forest Product (NWFP) from “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

Reference	Reliability* (H/M/L)	Variables	For Years
Department of Agriculture. 2001. Trends in the Agricultural Sector. http://www.nda.agric.za/docs/Trends2001/trends.htm	Reliable	Food	1996-2001
Pilot country study-South Africa. http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5325e/x5325e07.htm	pilot study	NWFP	1991

C. National Classification and Definitions

No national definitions available

D. National Data

National Class	Quantity in tons
	1990	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000	2000/01
Avocados	35,000	499,000	571,000	799,000	689,000	715,000
Mangoes	25,000	316,000	417,000	506,000	408,000	464,000
Guavas	40,000	166,000	286,000	181,000	218,000	238,000
Marula fruit	1,700
Honey	3,200	3,200
Fish		536,915	387,414	311,237
wild fruits						173,999
Total	104,900	1,521,115	1,661,414	1,797,237	1,315,000	1,590,999

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Table: Reclassification (Percentage allocation) into FRA 2005 classes

Reclassification	GLOBAL FRA
	1	4	7	12
Food(vegetal	100%
Food(Faunal)		100%
Cosmetic& medicinal			100%

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: NWFP Collection (000mt)

	1990	2000	latest
1	358,420	5,372,223	5,843,037
4	15,700	19,500	20,000
7			293,000
12	60
Total	374,180	5,391,723	6,156,037

T14. Value of Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP) Removal

The value of Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP) derived from the “Forest” is an important component of the economic health of forest resources and support to local communities. This information helps in allocation of resources and in priority setting at national level planning (social, economic, sect oral and regional planning).

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Value of NWFP Supply

The market value of total annual supply of all primary Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP).

Source: National Data

B. National Data Sources

No data available

C. National Classification and Definitions

No national definitions available

D. National Data

Table: Value of NWFP supply (000 US$)

National classes	1990	2000	Latest
Food (Vegetal)	US$	US$	US$
Avocados	36,575	13,899	16,919
Mangoes		76,675	89,288
Guavas		139,204	141,844
Marula fruit
	36,575	229,778	248,051
Food (Faunal)
Honey	112	300
Fish
Palm wine	147

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

No data available

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Table: Value of NWFP supply

National classes	1	4	12	16
Food(vegetal	100%
Food(Faunal)		100%
Cosmetic& medicinal			100%	100%

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Input to Global Reporting T14 (in '000' US$)

FRA 2005 Class	1990	2000	Latest
	US$	US$	US$
1	167,054	370,093	378,155
4	282.6	36
12		370,393
16		800

T15. Sites for Social Functions in Forests and Other Wooded land

The information on status and trends on allocation (management) and utility of sites in “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land” for addressing social function helps to understand the state and changes in the bondage between the society and the Forest. It also measures the extent to which forest management recognizes and respects social needs.

A. Global Classification and Definitions (FRA 2005)

Sites for Social Functions

A site or facility designated and or managed for cultural, social (recreation and tourism) and spiritual needs in “Forest” and Other Wooded Land”.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

Source	Reliability	Variables	Year
Annual Report 86/87 :Department Of Environmental Affairs (DEAT) Government printers	Reliable	Access to wilderness areas	1986/87
Expert Opinion: 2001 Department of Water affairs and Forestry	Estimates	Number of sites and visit	2002

C. National Classification and Definitions

No national definitions available

D. National Data

Table: Access to wilderness areas (1986/87) and other recreational facilities (2000)

Year		Number of visitors		Number of sites
1986/8725		516,000		8
200026
State forest (Knysna)		Other State managed Forest		Private Forest
N. of visitors	N. of sites	N. of visitors	N. of sites	N. of visitors	N. of sites
260,000	55	120,000	70	40,000	150

Table: Percentage of a National Class belonging to FRA 2005 class

National Classification	FRA Site for Social Services	Non FRA Site class	Total
Wilderness areas	100%		100
State Forests	100%		100

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

No data available

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

No data available

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Input to Global Reporting Tables

	FRA Site for Social Services
	1990	2000
Sites for Social Function	8	242
Visitors	516,832	420,000

T16. Employment in Forest and Other Wooded lands

The information on employment is useful in identifying trends, especially in the context of public expectations, government policies, industry developments and socio-economic dependence.

A. Global Classification and Definitions

Primary Employment	The employment provided within the “Forest and “Other Wooded Land” by activities relating to primary (raw) production of goods, provision of services, and other primary activities.
Primary Activities	The forestry activities within the “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”. FRA 2005 classifies forestry activities into three broad classes; activities relating to “Wood Supply”, “Non Wood Forest Product Supply” and “Other Primary Activities”.
Other Primary Activities	The forestry activities, within the “Forest” and “Other Wooded Land”, other than those related to “Wood supply” (including “wood fuel” or “fuelwood” supply) and collection of “NWFP”.

Source: FAO. 2004. Terms and Definition FRA-2005. FRA Working paper 73. Rome

B. National Data Sources

Reference	Reliability	Variables	year
The State of Forestry in South Africa: www.polity.org.za/html/govdocs/green_papers/forest2.html	Estimates	Employment	???
Trends in the agricultural Sector: www.nda.agric.za/docs/Trends2001/trends.htm	Reliable	Employment in the food industry	2001

C. National Classification and Definitions

No national definitions available

D. National Data

Table: State and Private employment data for 1990 and 2000²⁷

Employment	1990		2000
	State	Private	State	Private
Primary Employment28	80,000	36,000	40,000	25,000
Primary Activities29 (Traditional healers and gathers)			100,000
Other primary activities30
Honey production			2,000
Beverages			200
Ornaments			250-300
Tourism in forest related activities			300,000
Industrial fisheries	28,000		28,000

E. Calibration

No data available

F. Estimation and Forecasting

No data available

G. Reclassification into FRA 2005 Classes

Table: Percentage of a National Class belonging to FRA 2005 class

Employment	Wood Supply	NWFP Supply	Other activity	Combination	Total
Forest	100%
Medicinal Plants		100%
Other primary activities				100
Tourism			100%

H. National Information for FRA 2005 Global Tables

Table: Employment (000 person years - full time)

Category of Staff	Primary Activities	Forests			Other Wooded land
		1990	2000	2005	1990	2000	2005
A. Forest Workers	Wood Supply	116	65
	NWFP Collection					?
	Other Primary Activities	28	28
	Combination of Activities					302
	Total
B. Regular Staff	For all above Activities		65			100
Grand Total						402

²³ 1979 figure
²⁴ Estimates from Le Roux (1979) and NFAP (1996).
²⁵ Annual Report 1986/87, Department of Environment affairs and relates to access to wilderness areas
²⁶ All figures are estimates from South Africa
²⁷ Figures for food from Agriculture and Forestry are estimates.
²⁸ Estimates
²⁹ FAO
³⁰ Bailey