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Information supplémentaire sur LSP

Le Programme de Soutien aux moyens d'existence (LSP) met en oeuvre les sous-programmes suivants:

Amélioration de l'accès aux ressources naturelles

L'accès de la population pauvre aux ressources naturelles est essentiel pour une réduction durable de la pauvreté. Les populations rurales ayant un accès restreint ou inexistant aux ressources naturelles, sont vulnérables du fait des difficultés à obtenir leur nourriture, à accumuler des biens, et à se rétablir suite à des périodes de troubles et de malheurs.

Participation, Politiques et Gouvernance locale

La population locale, spécialement la plus pauvre, a souvent une influence faible ou indirecte sur les politiques qui affectent ses moyens d'existence. Souvent, les politiques développées de manière centralisée, ne répondent pas aux besoins de la population locale et ne permettent pas aux ruraux pauvres d'avoir accès aux services et biens nécessaires à l'amélioration de leurs moyens de d'existence.

Diversification des moyens d'existence et développement de l'entreprise

La diversification peut aider les familles à se protéger des chocs, tendances et saisonnalités économiques et environnementaux, réussissant ainsi à être moins vulnérables. La diversification des moyens d'existence est complexe, le développement de l'entreprise est une de ces stratégies.

Gestion de conflits sur les ressources naturelles

Les conflits sur les ressources naturelles sont d'habitude occasionnés par les disputes pour le contrôle ou l'accès aux ressources fondamentales, moyens d'existence de nombreuses populations pauvres. En conséquence, les chocs causés par ces conflits augmentent la vulnérabilité des plus pauvres.

Apprentissage institutionnel

Le sous-programme d'apprentissage institutionel a été mis en place pour s'assurer que les leçons données par l'application d'approches en terme de moyens d'existence durables dans les travaux de groupe interdépartementaux, et intersectoriaux, soient identifiées, analysées, et évaluées en vue de permettre un retour d'information pour le programme.

Renforcements des capacités

Le sous-programme de renforcement des capacités est fournisseur de service pour l'ensemble du programme, chargé de développer un programme de formation qui réponde aux besoins et priorités identifiés par les autres sous-programmes.

Approches centrées sur les gens dans Différents Contextes Culturels

Une étude et une analyse comparative ont été menées sur les approches récentes de développement utilisées dans différents contextes culturels, fondées sur les expériences au niveau stratégique et sur le terrain dans différents secteurs et régions.

Incorporation des approches des moyens d'existence durable sur le terrain

La FAO développe des projets de gestion de ressources d'un budget de plus de US $1.5 billions chaque année. Prenant en considération que l'agriculture à petite échelle continue d'être la principale source de moyens d'existence de la population pauvre à l'échelle mondiale, si certains de ces projets pouvaient être améliorés, l'impact potentiel serait considérable.

Service d'assistance sur les moyens d'existence durable

Un Service d'assistance a été créé afin de répondre aux demandes internes de la FAO en vue d'aider toute personne demandeuse à intégrer dans les programmes nouveaux et en cours, les différentes approches en terme de moyens d'existence durables et centrées sur les personnes.

LSP DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL - Juin 2004

Baumann P., (July 2002) Improving Access to Natural Resources for the Rural Poor: A critical analysis of central concepts and emerging trends from a sustainable livelihoods perspective. FAO, LSP WP 1, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Cotula L., (August 2002) Improving Access to Natural Resources for the Rural Poor: The experience of FAO and of other key organisations from a sustainable livelihoods perspective. FAO, LSP WP 2, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Karl M., (August 2002) Participatory Policy Reform from a Sustainable Livelihoods Perspective: Review of concepts and practical experiences. FAO, LSP WP 3, Participation, Policy and Local Governance Sub-Programme. Disponible aussi en Français et en Espagnol.

Warren P., (December 2002) Livelihoods Diversification and Enterprise Development: An initial exploration of Concepts and Issues. FAO, LSP WP 4, Livelihoods Diversification and Enterprise Development Sub-Programme.

Cleary D., with contributions from Pari Baumann, Marta Bruno, Ximena Flores and Patrizio Warren (September 2003) People-Centred Approaches: A brief literature review and comparison of types. FAO, LSP WP 5, People-Centered Approaches in Different Cultural Contexts Sub-Programme. Disponible aussi en Français et en Espagnol.

Seshia S. with Scoones I., Environment Group, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK (November 2003) Understanding Access to Seeds and Plant Genetic Resources. What Can a Livelihoods Perspective Offer? FAO, LSP WP 6, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Biggs S. D., and Messerschmidt D., (December 2003) The Culture of Access to Mountain Natural Resources: Policy, Processes and Practices. FAO, LSP WP 7, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Evrard O., (Janvier 2004) La mise en oeuvre de la réforme foncière au Laos : Impacts sociaux et effets sur les conditions de vie en milieu rural (with summary in English). FAO, LSP WP 8, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Ellis F., Allison E., Overseas Development Group, University of Anglia, UK (January 2004) Livelihood Diversification and Natural Resource Access. FAO, LSP WP 9, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme, Livelihood Diversification and Enterprise Development Sub-Programme.

Hodgson S., (March 2004) Land and Water - the rights interface. FAO, LSP WP 10, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Mitchell R. and Hanstad T., Rural Development Institute (RDI), USA, (March 2004) Small homegarden plots and sustainable livelihoods for the poor. FAO LSP WP 11, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Hanstad T., Nielsen R., Brown J., Rural Development Institute (RDI), USA, (May 2004) Land and Livelihoods: Making land rights real for India's rural poor. FAO LSP WP 12, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Fisher R.J., Schmidt K., Steenhof B. and Akenshaev N., (May 2004) Poverty and forestry: A case study of Kyrgyzstan with reference to other countries in West and Central Asia. FAO LSP WP 13, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.