5. Bibliografía

Para la preparación de este documento se hizo una revisión de las siguientes fuentes:

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Mayor información sobre el LSP

El Programa de Apoyo a los Modos de vida Sostenibles (LSP) trabaja a través de los siguientes subprogramas:

Mejoramiento del acceso a los recursos naturales

El acceso por parte de la población pobre a los recursos naturales es esencial para la reducción sostenible de la pobreza. Los Modos de vida de las poblaciones rurales con acceso limitado o inexistente a los recursos naturales son vulnerables ya que poseen dificultades en la obtención de alimentos, en la acumulación de recursos y en la recuperación después de ser afectados por estragos o desgracias.

Participación, Política y Gobernabilidad Local

La población local, especialmente los pobres, poseen una influencia débil o indirecta sobre las políticas que afectan sus modos de vida. Las políticas diseñadas a nivel central no responden a las necesidades de la población local y muchas veces no posibilitan el acceso por parte de las poblaciones pobres a los servicios y recursos necesarios.

Diversificación de Modos de vida y desarrollo empresarial

La diversificación puede ayudar a los hogares a protegerse de los estragos ambientales y económicos así como de las tendencias de cada estación, logrando así ser menos vulnerables. La diversificación de los modos de vida es compleja y entre las estrategias consideradas se encuentra el desarrollo empresarial.

Gestión de conflictos sobre recursos naturales

Los conflictos por recursos naturales usualmente suele generarse a raíz de luchas por el control o acceso a determinados recursos que resultan fundamentales para los Modos de vida de muchas poblaciones pobres. Por esta razón, los estragos causados por dichos conflictos incrementan la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones pobres.

Aprendizaje institucional

El sub-programa dedicado al aprendizaje institucional ha sido establecido para asegurar que las lecciones aprendidas del trabajo de equipo inter-departamental e inter-disciplinario y la aplicación de los enfoques de modos de vida sostenibles, sean identificadas, analizadas y evaluadas para ser retroalimentadas al interno del programa.

Fomento de la capacidad

El sub-programa sobre el fomento de la capacidad funge como un proveedor de servicios para el programa global que a través del diseño de programas de capacitación busca responder a las necesidades y prioridades que van surgiendo al interno del trabajo de los demás sub-programas.

Enfoques centrados en las personas en Diferentes Contextos Culturales

Una revisión y análisis comparativo de enfoques recientes de desarrollo utilizado en diversos contextos culturales está siendo realizado, partiendo de las experiencias a nivel estratégico y de campo al interno de diferentes áreas y regiones.

Incorporación de los enfoques de Modos de vida sostenibles en el campo

La FAO diseña proyectos de gestión de recursos por más de US $1.5 mil millones cada año. Tomando en cuenta que la agricultura a pequeña escala sigue siendo la principal fuente para los Modos de vida de la población pobre a nivel mundial, el impacto potencial del mejoramiento de estos proyectos sería sin duda considerable.

Servicio de asistencia sobre Modos de vida sostenibles

Un Servicio de asistencia a los Usuarios ha sido creado con el fin de responder a las crecientes solicitudes provenientes del interno de la FAO sobre asistencia para integrar enfoques de Modos de vida sostenibles y enfoques centrados en las personas tanto en programas y actividades nuevos como en aquellos ya existentes.

Documentos de Trabajo -Junio 2004

Baumann P., (July 2002) Improving Access to Natural Resources for the Rural Poor: A critical analysis of central concepts and emerging trends from a sustainable livelihoods perspective. FAO, LSP WP 1, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme

Cotula L., (August 2002) Improving Access to Natural Resources for the Rural Poor: The experience of FAO and of other key organisations from a sustainable livelihoods perspective. FAO, LSP WP 2, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Karl M., (August 2002) Participatory Policy Reform from a Sustainable Livelihoods Perspective: Review of concepts and practical experiences. FAO, LSP WP 3, Participation, Policy and Local Governance Sub-Programme. También disponible en Francés y en Español.

Warren P., (December 2002) Livelihoods Diversification and Enterprise Development: An initial exploration of Concepts and Issues. FAO, LSP WP 4, Livelihoods Diversification and Enterprise Development Sub-Programme.

Cleary D., with contributions from Pari Baumann, Marta Bruno, Ximena Flores and Patrizio Warren (September 2003) People-Centred Approaches: A brief literature review and comparison of types. FAO, LSP WP 5, People-Centered Approaches in Different Cultural Contexts Sub-Programme. También disponible en Francés y en Español.

Seshia S. with Scoones I., Environment Group, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK (November 2003) Understanding Access to Seeds and Plant Genetic Resources. What Can a Livelihoods Perspective Offer? FAO, LSP WP 6, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Biggs S. D., and Messerschmidt D., (December 2003) The Culture of Access to Mountain Natural Resources: Policy, Processes and Practices. FAO, LSP WP 7, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Evrard O., (Janvier 2004) La mise en oeuvre de la réforme foncière au Laos : Impacts sociaux et effets sur les conditions de vie en milieu rural (with summary in english). FAO, LSP WP 8, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Ellis F., Allison E., Overseas Development Group, University of Anglia, UK (January 2004) Livelihood Diversification and Natural Resource Access. FAO, LSP WP 9, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme, Livelihood Diversification and Enterprise Development Sub-Programme.

Hodgson S., (March 2004) Land and Water - the rights interface. FAO, LSP WP 10, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Mitchell R. and Hanstad T., Rural Development Institute (RDI), USA, (March 2004) Small homegarden plots and sustainable livelihoods for the poor. FAO LSP WP 11, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Hanstad T., Nielsen R., Brown J., Rural Development Institute (RDI), USA, (May 2004) Land and Livelihoods: Making land rights real for India's rural poor. FAO LSP WP 12, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Fisher R.J., Schmidt K., Steenhof B. and Akenshaev N., (May 2004) Poverty and forestry: A case study of Kyrgyzstan with reference to other countries in West and Central Asia. FAO LSP WP 13, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.

Programa de Apoyo a los Modos de Vida (LSP) Dirección de correo electrónico: [email protected]