Adaptation of forage and browse legumes to the semi-arid mid-altitude regions of Kenya - An interim report

L.K. Menin and D.M. Njarui

National Dryland Farming Research Centre, Katumani
P.O. Box 340, Machakos, Kenya

W.M. Beattie, B.A. Keating and R.K. Jones

ACIAR/CSIRO Dryland Project
P.O. Box 41567, Nairobi, Kenya

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Appendix 1. Legume-evaluation: Accession list.

Abstract

The adaptation of 160 legumes of various growth forms is being studied at four sites in the semi-arid, mid-altitude districts of Machakos and Kitui in Kenya. The sites cover an altitude range from 900 to 1600 m and mean annual rainfall range from 600 to 1000 mm. Establishment is by direct-seeding using a minimum tillage approach. Phenological characters, susceptibility to pests and diseases, and growth vigour are measured monthly, and dry-matter production annually in row-plot experiments. Seasonal yields of dry matter and nitrogen are also measured in companion sward experiments using a "best bet" sub-set of the collection.

A number of legumes which are well-adapted to the environments have been identified after three growing seasons and appear to have potential for a variety of uses in the local farming systems.

Introduction

Agriculture in the semi-arid midland regions of eastern Kenya is characterised by very low capital inputs, low outputs (even in good seasons) and a high frequency of seasons in which production of staple foods is insufficient for local needs. Rapid increases in rural population densities and in the intensity of cultivation, fuelwood harvesting and grazing have resulted in alarming rates of soil fertility depletion and soil erosion. While rainfall is the principal limiting resource, it is usually closely followed by soil fertility, hence the need to examine the role of legumes in the cereal-based farming systems of the regions as an alternative to the use of expensive nitrogen fertilizers.

FAO/GK/NORAD projects since 1974 (Wilson, 1976; Van Soest, 1986; Ibrahim, 1981; Chabeda, 1976) have made extensive collections of forage legumes within Kenya and evaluated them at four sites - Kitale, Kiboko, Katumani and Mtwapa along with some introduced material. However, much of the evaluation work is unpublished or is of a semi-quantitative nature, and the full potential of forage and browse legumes in Kenya's bimodal semi arid areas remains little understood. In addition, many new species and accessions have become available from more recent plant collecting and evaluation activities in other parts of the world, and this material required testing in Kenya.

The objectives of the research programme reported here are:

1. to assemble an extensive seed collection of forage and browse species with potential adaptation to semi-arid areas of Kenya,

2. to assess the adaptation of this material in a series of experiments to a range of climatic conditions in the districts of Machakos and Kitui,

3. to select a nucleus of widely-adapted legumes that might fit into the varied farming systems in these districts, and to assist agronomists and animal production scientists in further evaluating this material in "on-farm" experimentation.

The work involves close collaboration between staff of the Kenya Government's Ministry of Agriculture and staff of the Australian Dryland Farming Project (ACIAR Project 8326) which is being implemented by the CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures.

Materials and methods

Legumes

A total of 167 accessions from 23 genera are under evaluation. Details of ecotypes/species, Commonwealth of Australia Plant Introduction numbers, Kenya Introduction numbers, origin (where known) and project sites planted are contained in Appendix 1.

Field sites

The experiments were undertaken at four fenced sites as follows:

1. Katumani NDFRS, altitude 1600 m, mean annual rainfall 717 mm, mean annual temperature 19.6°C, soil type: chromic luvisol, pH 6.5.

2. Kiboko RRS, 975 m, rf 595 mm, mean temperature 25.7°C, rhodic Feralsol, pH 5.8.

3. Mua Hills, 1650 m, rf 1179 mm, estimated mean temperature 19.0°C, red sandy earth, pH 7.0.

4. Ithookwe (Kitui), 1160 m, rf 1080 mm, mean temperature 22.5°C, red sandy earth, pH 5.8.

Experimental Design and Layout

Row plot experiment. The experiments were laid in a randomised complete block design with 104 accessions and 3 replicates. Plots are 6.75 m² and consist of two rows each 2.25 m long and rows 1.5 m apart. Replicates run along the contour. One of each pair of rows received a single dressing of a basal fertilizer. The other row was unfertilized.

Sward experiments. For each season of planting, the experiments were arranged as randomised blocks with 20 accessions and three replicates. Individual plots were 16 m². Seed was not broadcast over the entire plot but distributed along disturbed rows 0.5 m apart. All plots received a basal fertilizer dressing at establishment.

Seed Preparation

Row plot experiments. Seed viability was determined by germinating scarified seed on moist filter pads in petri dishes. Approximately 50% of all seeds/plot were scarified by sandpaper or scalpel. Inoculation with the requisite rhizobia in a gum arable/distilled water solution was made a few days prior to planting. Inoculated seed was kept under refrigeration.

Sward experiments. Seed preparation was similar to that for row plots except that 100% seed scarification was attempted, and the seeding rate was adjusted to give similar numbers of viable seeds per plot (Table 2).

Land Preparation, Sowing and Seedling Establishment

Land preparation was minimal except for Ithookwe (site 4) which was ploughed just prior to planting. Vegetation was cut back and burned off during the dry season and line rows pegged out. A small chisel plough attached to a two-wheel Honda mini-tractor marked a 4 cm deep furrow along each planting row. At the onset of rains, when weed seedlings had emerged, the furrows were dusted with Aldrin 2.5% @ 20 kg/ha. Legume seed was then hand-sown, lightly covered and firmed with soil. Two days later or just prior to legume germination the planted rows were sprayed with Roundup herbicide 2 l/ha using a knapsack sprayer fitted with a fan nozzle. Subsequent row weeding was done by hand or with a rope wick containing Roundup.

Data Collection/Harvesting

Row plot experiments (Table 1). Agronomic and phonological characters recorded monthly from the second month after sowing included plant population and development (vegetative, flowering and seeding), height, date of anesthesia, insect and disease incidence and a visual bulk rating on a one-five scale. In early October 1986, after 11 months of uninhibited growth, a measured length of average plant material in each row plot was cut at 5 cm above ground level (5 cm from the crown for trailing legumes), oven dried at 60°C and weighed. Sample weight was converted to yield (kg/ha) by the formula

Sample experiments. Plant measurements similar to those given above were made except that for visual bulk ratings. Harvesting entailed cutting two randomised 1 m² quadrats 5 cm above ground level from each plot three times per year. The first harvest was in late January, 1986 (end of short rains), the second in early June, 1986 (end of long rains) and the third in late September, 1986 (end of dry season). The latter harvest also included measurements of regrowth from the first harvest. Cut material was oven-dried at 60°C, weighed and subsampled for later N analysis.

Fertilizer Applications

Two weeks after legume seedling emergence a basal fertilizer was hand broadcast along one row of the row plots to a width of 1.5 m and evenly broadcast over the swards. Rates in kg/ha were: triple superphosphate 200, muriate of potash 41.7, dolomite 250, manganese sulphate 15, borax, zinc sulphate and copper sulphate 10, respectively and sodium molybdate 0.36. The swards received the same mixture broadcast over the entire plot.

Methodology for Experiments with Leucaena Accessions

At Katumani, a collection of Mexican high altitude Leucaena accessions is being tested quantitatively against a suite of commercial cultivars including cv Cunningham, cv Peru and K8. Adaptation is progressively monitored throughout each year by measuring shoot extension growth relative to soil moisture content and air temperatures. Destructive harvests are made twice and four times per year for wood, stem and leaf yield.

Results

Row Plot Experiments

Data from 16 accessions which performed well at Site 1 (Katumani), Site 2 (Kiboko) or both sites are presented in Table 1. Of the annuals, the short season Macrotyloma africanum with densely twining fine stems, had high resistance to insect and disease, good seed production and an excellent seedling regenerative capacity. Another trailing legume Vigna unguiculata CI60452 was more strongly persistent at both sites than other entries from that genus. Alysicarpus rugosus established well and had the highest edible dry matter (EDM) (1938 kg/ha) at the end of the evaluation period at Site 1. The two Stylosanthes hamata lines, cv Verano and K14363, are morphologically similar, but the latter persisted later into the dry season. Both accessions and the late flowering S. humilis are particularly susceptible to termites. Lablab purpureus cv Rongai grew vigorously at both sites and gave high visual bulk ratings. It flowered profusely, but seed production was reduced by the depredations of flower-eating beetles Mylabris and Coryna sp.

The selected perennial legumes (Table 1) have persisted strongly at Site 1 but only Desmanthus virgatus, S. scabra cv Fitzroy cv Seca and S. guianensis Alupe 'C' survived the, harsher environment at Site 2. These Stylosanthes accessions yielded >4 tonnes EDM/ha at Katumani and appear particularly well adapted at that site. The semi-erect shrub legume Desmanthus virgatus K14456 was slow to establish but showed promise later in the experiment at both sites. Neonotonia wightii was also slow to establish but grew vigorously after the second season. Cassia rotundifolia cv Wynn flowered very early and continued to produce seed throughout the year. It has persisted strongly at Site 1 with useful seasonal seedling regeneration. Desmodium intortum cv Greenleaf is susceptible to termites and while quite vigorous during seasonal rains only just survived the long dry season at Site 1.

Table 1. Field data from 16 selected forage legumes at two sites (Est. 1.11.85).

Accessions	PBR		PBR		Max. ht (cms)		Anesthesis (days)		Seed Production		Pet disease				EDM yield (kg/ha)
	Site	Days	Site	Days	Site	Site	Site	Site	Site	Site	1	2	1	2	Site	Site
	1		2		1	2	1	2	1	2					1	2
Alysicarpus K14384	3.6	180	3.0	120	30	20	80	140	2	2	0	0	0	0	938	-
Lablab purpureus cv Rongai	4.3	90	5.0	60	55	60	110	200	2	2	2	0	0	0	-	-
Macrotyloma africanum K14348	3.5	90	3.2	90	10	15	55	80	3	2	0	0	0	0	-	-
Stylosanthes hamata cv Verano	5.0	210	4.0	180-	20	25	60	60	3	3	3	0	0	0	678	-
Stylosanthes hamata K14365	4.8	210	4.3	210	15	15	60-	60	3	3	3	1	0	0	820	-
Stylosanthes humilis K14368	4.8	210	4.1	210	10	15	150	170	3	3	2	0	2	0	362	-
Vigna unguiculata CPI 60452	3.2	150	4.0	60	15	25	60	60	2	2	1	0	1	0	-	-
Cassia rotundifolia cv Wynn	5.0	210	3.0	180	20	20	50	30	3	2	1	1	0	0	851	-
Desmanthus virgatus K14456	3.1	300	2.6	180	25	25	120	140	2	2	1	0	0	0	720	-
Desmodium intortum cv Greenleaf	3.5	240	1.6	90	40	15	210	-	2	0	2	0	0	0	1198	-
Neonotonia wightii K2366	4.8	210	3.0	210	30	20	200	210	3	1	1	1	0	0	1551	309
Stylosanthes fruticosa K14426	4.5	210	2.6	270	25	15	110	90	3	2	1	0	0	0	2015	415
Stylosanthes guianensis cv Graham	4.3	210	3.6	210	30	20	100	60	3	3	1	0	0	0	1407	551
Stylosanthes guianensis Alupe 'C'	5.0	210	4.5	210	45	40	(90)	180	2	1	1	1	0	0	4175
Stylosanthes scabra cv Fitzroy	5.0	210	4.0	210	45	35	100	90	3	3	1	0	0	0	4112
Stylosanthes scabra cv Seca	5.0	210	4.0	210	60	50	100	90	3	3	1	0	0	0	4127

Site 1: Katumani NDFRS
Site 2: Kiboko R.R. Station
RPBR : Peak Bulk Rating
Seed Production: 0 = nil, 3 = good
Pest/Disease: 0-1, 3 = severe
EDM yield: at 11 months.
- Not available

	1985			1986
Rainfall (mm)	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jne	Jul	Aug	Sept
Site 1	85	57	137	63	-	43	163	100	7	-	-	-
Site 2

Table 2. List of accessions used in sward studies.

	Present in planting
	number				Mean sowing rate kg/ha
	1	2	3	4
Alysicarpus rugosus CPI 52351	*	*	*	*	4.3
Alysicarpus rugosus CPI 30034			*		4.3
Cassia rotundifolia Q10057	*				5.2
Cassia rotundifolia cv Wynn		*	*	*	5.2
Centrosema pascuorum cv Cavalade	*	*	*		26.1
Centrosema pascuorum CPI 65950	*	*			26.1
Centrosema schottii CPI 82271	*	*			26.1
Centrosema schottii CPI 76010	*	*			26.1
Centrosema virginianum CQ 2748			*	*	26.1
Clitoria ternatea CPI 48337	*	*	*	*	43.8
Clitoria ternatea CPI 47187	*	*	*	*	43.8
Clitoria ternatea CPI 49963	*	*	*	*	43.8
Desmanthus virgatus CPI 40071	*	*	*	*	9.8
Desmodium intortum cv Greenleaf	*	*	*	*	7.8
Dolichos Lablab K1002		*	*	*	89.0
Lablab purpureus cv Rongai	*	*	*	*	9.5
Lotononis bainesii cv Miles	*				6.1
Macrotyloma africanum CPI 24972		*	*	*	6.1
Macrotyloma africanum CPI 60207		*	*	*	6.1
Macrotyloma daltonii CPI 60303		*	*		16.2
Macroptilium atropurpureum cv Siratro	*	*	*	*	9.1
Mucuna sp				*	160.5
Neonotonia wightii K75.2366	*	*	*	*	6.8
Rhyncosia minima CPI 52713	*	*			10.8
Rhyncosia malacophylla K18176			*	*	10.8
Stylosanthes capitata CPI 55843	*				7.1
Stylosanthes guianensis cv Graham	*	*			7.1
Stylosanthes guianensis cv Cook			*	*	7.1
Stylosanthes hamata cv Verano	*	*	*	*	7.1
Stylosanthes scabra cv Fitzroy	*	*	*	*	7.1
Stylosanthes scabra cv Seca	*				7.1
Stylosanthes fruticosa CPI 41219A	*	*	*	*	7.1
Vigna trilobata CPI 13671	*				10.8
Vigna unguiculata cv M66		*	*	*	82.4
Vigna unguiculata cv Red Caloona	*	*	*		82.4

Sward Experiments

The most complete data set currently available is for the first planting at the Maruba site. The pattern of dry-matter accumulation varied greatly between accessions as shown in Figure la. Single-season grain legumes such as Vigna unguiculata cv Red Caloona produced modest levels of dry matter after the first rainy season (see Harvest 1) but none thereafter. The dual purpose (forage/grain) legumes, such as Lablab purpureus (cv Rongai) were the most productive after the first and second rainy seasons (see Harvests 1 and 2) but declined thereafter (see Harvest 3). Maximum for the 18 other accessions tested was only 11% of the biomass produced by lablab purpureus. Legumes such as Alysicarpus rugosus, Stylosanthes scabra and Neonotonia wightii needed two rainy seasons to reach the production levels of an accession like Lablab purpureus. Thereafter, strong perennial species such as S. scabra and N. wightii had a clear advantage whilst annuals such as A. rugosus declined over the long dry season.

Figure 1a. Relative dry-matter yield (expressed as a percentage of the maximum dry-matter yield) for five legume swards grown at Maruba, Kenya. Swards were planted on 30-10-85 and the third harvest was taken 327 days later on 22-9-86. Absolute dry-matter yield in tonnes ha 1 is shown in parentheses for each harvest.

The first sward plantings at Katumani also provided an opportunity to compare the productivity of a relatively large number of Stylosanthes species under the cool dry conditions of the midlands of eastern Kenya. In all, six accessions from five species were included in this planting as shown in Figure 1b. None of the long season annuals, biennial or perennial species produced any significant levels of biomass by the end of the first season. After this time, however, the Stylos were all relatively productive with the S. scabra cultivars, Fitzroy and Seca the most outstanding (3.4 to 4.4 tonnes ha^-1), followed by S. guianensis cv Graham (2.5 to 3.5 tonnes ha^-1). The least adapted Stylo to this region was S. hamata cv Verano.

Figure 1b. Relative dry-matter yield (expressed as a percentage of the maximum for the particular harvest) for six Stylosanthes accessions grown at Maresha, Kenya. Other details as Figure 1a.

Leucaena Experiment

The first two destructive harvests from the Leucaena experiment have now been completed. Dry matter data is shown in Figure 2. From the preliminary data, the cultivar Peru appears to be the most productive in terms of leaf production, whilst L. diversifolia CPI 33820 was producing the largest amount of wood,

Figure 2. Dry weight data from first cut of Leucaena accessions. Planted: 4/4/86; First cut: 29/12/86.

Discussion

The potential role of forage and browse legumes in the semi-arid midlands of Kenya is in smallholder farming systems. Legumes could conceivably be used as inter-crops/alley-crops with cereals, in erosion control, in terrace bank stabilisation, in the improvement of degraded, non-productive grassland or as simple cut-and-carry fodder banks. The range of growth habit and persistence within the plant material being evaluated extends from the short twining annual Macrotyloma africanum to the small perennial tree Leucaena. Further experimentation (preferably on farms) is required to sort out the respective roles of material available, but the results from the experiments described here indicate that a good range of well-adapted leguminous material is now available.

Materials recommended for further testing in more favourable environments in the region (as characterised by Site 1 at Katumani NDFRS) are Cassia rotundifolia cv Wynn, Desmanthus virgatus K14456, Lablab purpureus cv Rongai, Macrotyloma africanum K14348, Neonotonia wightii K2366, Stylosanthes guianensis 'Alupe C' and Stylo scabra cv Fitzroy and 'Seca'. At less favourable sites (similar to Kiboko, Site 2) this list is reduced to Desmanthus virgatus and Stylosanthes scabra.

With the expansion of evaluation work to two other sites (3 and 4) and the inclusion of more plant material - from the Kenya Plant Quarantine Station at Muguga, from a small, indigenous plant collection and from further introduction from CSIRO, Queensland - the range of accessions being tested has recently increased. While evaluation of the following lines Aeschynomene americana cv Glenn, Cassia pilosa CPI 57503, Lotononis angolensis CPI 62202, Macrotyloma axillare cv Archer, Macrotyloma sp. (indigenous), Mucuna pruriens aff., Rhyncosia malacophylla (Synon. sennarensis), Rhyncosia totta and Stylo guianensis cv Cook is incomplete, they all show considerable promise.

The critical role of legume seed nurseries cannot be over-emphasised. Once key lines have been identified, seed requests from research stations and research or extension officers cannot be met if supply is a constraint. The nurseries should be established in areas where demands on irrigation, man-power and supervision are easily met. Work is underway this season to produce experimental quantities of seed of the promising accessions noted above.

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the support of Mr. S.N. Muturi, Director of Agriculture, Kenya; Mr. P.K. Kusewa, Director of Katumani, NDFRS; Dr. D. Okioga, Director of the Plant Quarantine Station, KARI, Muguga and Dr. B. Woie, Director of Kiboko Range Research Station. We also thank numerous officers and staff of Katumani NDFRS. To ACIAR we are grateful for the funds provided to carry out the project.

References

Chabeda, A.E.O. 1976. Drought resistance in some Kenya grasses and legumes. Annual Report. National Agricultural Research Station, Kitale, Kenya.

Ibrahim, K.N. 1981. Forage plant introduction. Technical Report No. 3 Project TF-KEN 29 (NOR). FAO, Rome.

Van Soest, L.J.M. 1986. Exploration and evaluation of grasses for seed production Kenya. Eastern region of Kenya. Working paper. Project TF-KEN 29 (NOR). FAO, Rome.

Wilton, A.C. 1976. Exploration and evaluation of grasses for seed production in Kenya. Working paper. Project TF-KEN 29 (NOR). FAO, Rome.

Appendix 1. Legume-evaluation: Accession list.

	CPI	K	Origin	Site
Aeschynomene americana	91145	19712	Mexico	1
Aeschynomene americana	cv Glenn	19897	Mexico	1,4
Aeschynomene elegans	37552	19714	Argentina	1
Aeschynomene falcata	cv Bargoo	19715	Paraguay	1,4
Aeschynomene villosa	37235	19716	Mexico	1
Aeschynomene villosa	91113	19720	Mexico	1
Alysicarpus glumaceus	52366	14449	Madagascar	1,2
Alysicarpus hamosus	94491	14374	Oman	1,2
Alysicarpus longifolius	94490	14376	Oman	1,2
Alysicarpus monilifer	52343	14377	Madagascar	1,2
Alysicarpus rugosus	30034	14382	India	1,2,3,4
Alysicarpus rugosus	52348	14383	Zimbabwe	1
Alysicarpus rugosus	52351	14384	Malawi	1,2,3,4
Alysicarpus rugosus	76980	14447	Zambia	1
Alysicarpus rugosus	94489	14395	Ethiopia	1,2
Alysicarpus rugosus	-	(50)	Kenya	1,2
Alysicarpus vaginalis	34149	14386	Nicaragua	1,2,4
Arachis monticola	CQ990	14388	-	1
Arachis pintoi	58113	14416	Brazil	1
Cassia pilosa	57503	14451	Venezuela	1,2,4
Cassia rotundifolia	86172	19724	Mexico	1
Cassia rotundifolia	86178	19725	Mexico	1
Cassia rotundifolia	Q10057	14450	Brazil	1
Cassia rotundifolia	cv. Wynn	18177	-	1,2,3,4
Centrosema acutifolium	92874	14391	Brazil	1,2
Centrosema acutifolium	94303	14390	Colombia	1
Centrosema brasilianus	55698	14417	Brazil	1,2,4
Centrosema macrocarpum aff	78358	20170	Brazil	4
Centrosema pascuorum	65950	14392	Equador	1,2,3,4
Centrosema pascuorum	cv Cavalcade	14418	-	1,2,3,4
Centrosema plumieri	60477	14393	Brazil	1,2
Centrosema plumieri	82269	14394	Cuba	1,2
Centrosema pubescens	43197	20171	Colombia	4
Centrosema pubescens	46543	14395	Guatemala	1,2
Centrosema pubescens	58575	20172	Colombia	4
Centrosema pubescens	63895	14396	Brazil	1,2,4
Centrosema pubescens	79630	20173	-	4
Centrosema pubescens	92721	14397	Colombia	1
Centrosema pubescens	cv Belalto	14332	-	1,2
Centrosema pubescens	cv Centro	14419	-	1,2
Centrosema schottii	76010	14398	Mexico	1,2,3
Centrosema schottii	82271	14445	Cuba	1,2,3
Centrosema virginianum	CQ2748	14399	-	1,2,3,4
Centrosema virginianum	91142	14400	Mexico	1,2,3,4
Clitoria ternatea	47187	14402	Sudan	1,2,3,4
Clitoria ternatea	48337	14403	Tanzania	1,2,3,4
Clitoria ternatea	49963	14404	-	1,2,3,4
Desmanthus bicocnutus	91162	14438	Mexico	1
Desmanthus subulatus	90857	14406	Mexico	1
Desmanthus virgatus	40071	14456	Brazil	1,2,3,4
Desmanthus virgatus	55719	14407	Venezuela	1,2
Desmanthus virgatus	65947	14405	Equador	1,2
Desmanthus virgatus	78373	14408	Argentina	1,2
Desmanthus virgatus	83570	14409	Brazil	1,2,4
Desmanthus virgatus	84508	14410	Mexico	1,2
Desmanthus virgatus	85178	14411	Mexico	1,2
Desmanthus virgatus	90750	14412	Mexico	1,2
Desmanthus virgatus	91146	14413	Mexico	1,2
Desmanthus virgatus	91326	14414	Mexico	1,2,4
Desmanthus virgatus	92818	14415	Belize	1,2,4
Desmodium dichotosum	47186	-	-	1,2
Desmodium intortum	cv Greenleaf	14455	-	1,2,3,4
Desmodium intortum	91135	14338	Mexico	1,2
Desmodium oringlei	37232	14334	Mexico	1,2
Desmodium prostratum aff	91232	14336	Mexico	1,2
Desmodium setigeruam	52431	14340	Malawi	1,2
Desmodium subsericeum	78402	14335	Argentina	1,2
Desmodium wigginsii	90418	14337	U.S.A.	1,2
Desmodium sp. D	91186	14453	Mexico	1
Desmodium sp. D	91212	14333	Mexico	1,2
Dolichos sp.	24973	14452	Zimbabwe	1,2,4
Dolichos sericeus aff	-	(128)	Kenya	1,4
Lablab purpureus	30702	14466	Burma	1
Lablab purpureus	41222	14341	Burma	1,2
Lablab purpureus	cv Highworth	14463	-	1,2
Lablab purpureus	cv Rongai	14420	Kenya	1,2,3,4
Lablab purpureus	-	1002	Kenya	1,2,3,4
Lespedeza striate	cv Kaloe	19899	U.S.A.	1,4
Lotononis angolensis	62202	14435	-	1,2,4
Lotononis bainesii	cv Miles	14421	-	1,2,4
Macroptilium atropurpureum	84989	14343	Mexico	1,4
Macroptilium atropurpureum	84999	14344	Mexico	1,2
Macroptilium atropurpureum	90748	14468	Mexico	1,4
Macroptilium atropurpureum	90776	14469	Mexico	1,4
Macroptilium atropurpureum	90821	14465	Mexico	1
Macroptilium atropurpureum	cv Siratro	14461	Mexico	1,2,3,4
Macroptilium heterophyllum	90448	14345	Mexico	1,4
Macroptilium heterophyllum	91144	14467	Mexico	1
Macroptilium heterophyllum	91222	14346	Mexico	1
Macroptilium lathyroides	cv Murray	14464	India	1,2
Macroptilium longipendunculatum	55751	14422	Brazil	1,2
Macroptilium martii	49780	14347	Brazil	1,2,4
Macroptilium prostrate	78450	14342	Argentina	1
Macrotyloma africanum	24972	14348	Zambia	1,2,3,4
Macrotyloma africanum	60207	14349	Zambia	1,2,3,4
Macrotyloma axillare	cv Archer	14462	-	1,4
Macrotyloma daltonii	60303	14350	Namibia	1,2,3,4
Macrotyloma daltonii	94496	14351	-	1
Macrotyloma uniflorum	cv Leichardt	14460	-	1,2
Macrotyloma sp.	-	(129)	Kenya	1,4
Medicago rugosa	cv Paraponto	19905	-	1,4
Medicago rugosa	cv Sapo Gama	19906	-	1,4
Medicago sativa	cv H. River	19900	-	1,4
Medicago scutella	cv Sava	19907	-	1,4
Medicago trunculata	cv Jemalong	19908	Australia	1,4
Mucuna pruriens aff	-	(119)	Kenya	1,4
Neonotonia wightii	-	2366 (67)	Kenya	1,2,3,4
Neonotonia wightii	-	(35)	Kenya	1,2,3,4
Neonotonia wightii	-	(150)	Kenya	1,4
Rhyncosia densiflora	52690	14353	Tanzania	1,2
Rhyncosia edulis	52127	14352	Paraguay	1,2
Rhyncosia malacophylla	-	18176	Tanzania	1,2,3,4
Rhyncosia minima	52713	14355	Tanzania	1,2,3
Rhyncosia minima	78473	14356	Argentina	1
Rhyncosia minima	84953	14357	Mexico	1,2
Rhyncosia minima aff	-	(14)	Kenya	1,2
Rhyncosia minima aff	-	(41)	Kenya	1,2
Rhyncosia minima aff	-	(45)	Kenya	1,2
Rhyncosia totta	52742	14358	Zambia	1,4
Stylosanthes capitata	55843	14459	Brazil	1,2,4
Stylosanthes fruticosa	412194	14426	Sudan	1,2,3,4
Stylosanthes fruticosa	-	(33)	Kenya	1,2
Stylosanthes guianensis	79637	14364	Brazil	1,2,4
Stylosanthes guianensis	-	Alupe C	-	1,2,4
Stylosanthes guianensis	-	Alupe I	-	1,2
Stylosanthes guianensis	cv Cook	18189	Colombia	1,2,3,4
Stylosanthes guianensis	cv Graham	14427	Bolivia	1,2,3,4
Stylosanthes guianensis	cv Oxley	19901	Argentina	1,4
Stylosanthes hamata	49080	14365	Colombia	1,2
Stylosanthes hamata	70522	14366	U.S.A.	1,2
Stylosanthes hamata	73507	14367	Antigua	1,2
Stylosanthes hamata	cv Verano	14428	Venezuela	1,2,3,4
Stylosanthes humilis	61674	14368	Venezuela	1,2
Stylosanthes humilis	cv Greenvale	14429	-	1,2
Stylosanthes scabra	55856	18190	Brazil	1,2
Stylosanthes scabra	cv Fitzroy	14431	-	1,2,3,4
Stylosanthes scabra	cv Seca	14430	-	1,2,3,4
Stylosanthes scabra	-	8115	-	1,2
Stylosanthes scabra	-	8111	-	1,2
Stylosanthes scabra	-	82105	-	1,2
Stylosanthes subsericea	38605	14457	Guatemala	1,2
Stylosanthes sympodialis	67704(B)	14369	Equador	1,2
Stylosanthes viscosa	34904	14371	Brazil	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	85895	14359	Mexico	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	85899	14360	Mexico	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	86137	14361	Mexico	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	87469	14458	Mexico	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	87479	14362	Mexico	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	87484	14423	Mexico	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	87485	14424	Mexico	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	87487	14425	Mexico	1,2
Stylosanthes sp.	91138	14363	Mexico	1,2
Trifolium repens	cv Haifa	19902	Israel	1,4
Trifolium sp.	-	(26)	Kenya	1,3
Vigna ambacensis	47188	14433	Sudan	1,2
Vigna frutescens	-	(126)	Kenya	1
Vigna luteola	ILCA 113	18172	Belize	1,4
Vigna oblongifolia	60430	14372	-	1,2
Vigna praecox	-	(130)	Kenya	4
Vigna trilobata	13671	14434	-	1,2,3
Vigna unguiculata	60442	14313	-	1,2
Vigna unguiculata	60452		Kenya	1,2,4
Vigna unguiculata	cv Red Caloona	14436	-	1,2,3,4
Vigna unguiculata	-	M66	Kenya	1,2,3,4
Vigna vexillata	-	(122)	Kenya	1,4
Voandzeia subterranea	-	18174	Mali	4
Zornia sp.	-	(123)	Kenya	1