生态农业知识中心

协同作用: 协同作用能提升粮食系统的关键职能,支持生产和多重生态系统服务

生态农业注重多样化系统的设计,这些系统有选择性地将一年生和多年生作物、家畜和水生动物、林木、土壤、水以及其他农场和农业景观的组成部分结合起来,在气候不断变化的背景下加强协同作用。

加强粮食系统内的协同作用能带来多重惠益。通过优化生物协同作用,生态农业措施能提高生态功能,实现更高的资源使用效率和恢复能力。例如,从全球范围看,在间种或轮作系统中豆类发挥的生物固氮作用相当于每年节省近1000万美元的氮肥开支,同时还能改善土壤健康,提高减缓和适应气候变化的能力。而且,用于作物的大约15%的氮素来自于家畜的粪便,凸显了畜牧业与作物生产相结合所产生的协同作用。在亚洲,综合性水稻系统将水稻栽培与鱼、鸭、林木等其他产品的生产结合起来。综合性水稻系统通过实现协同作用极大地提升了单产、膳食多样化、杂草防除、土壤结构和肥力,并提供了生物多样性生境、实现了虫害防治。

在景观层面,要提高协同作用就必须在时间和空间上同步生产性活动。利用朱缨花绿篱控制土壤侵蚀在东非高地的综合性生态农业系统中十分常见。在这个例子中,通过定期修剪的管理措施,减少林木与在绿篱间生长的作物之间形成竞争,同时为动物提供饲料,在不同组成部分之间带来了协同作用。游牧和粗放型放牧系统协调人类、多物种畜群和多变环境情况之间的复杂互动,加强抵御能力,并促进实现种子散播、生境保护和土壤肥力等生态系统服务, 。来了协同作用。游牧和粗放型放牧系统协调人类、多物种畜群和多变环境情况之间的复杂互动,加强抵御能力,并促进实现种子散播、生境保护和土壤肥力等生态系统服务。

尽管生态农业措施努力实现协同作用最大化,但是在自然和人类系统中经常存在取舍。例如,在资源使用和获取权的分配中就经常存在取舍。为在更广泛的粮食系统内促进协同作用并以最佳方式管理取舍,生态农业强调了不同规模的各行为方加强伙伴关系、合作和负责任治理的重要性。

Database

How to build women and a feminist community in agroforestry? - This is one of the questions that motivate the sharing of experiences and knowledge of women who do agroforestry in Brazil. The round of conversation ''Agroforestry, feminism and agroecology: interweaving women's knowledge and practices'' that will be held on...
Brazil
活动
2022
12 May 2022  The characteristics of the agroecological transition require transforming the way farmers are accompanied in their changes of practices and production systems. Farmer Field Schools (FFS) are relevant participatory mechanisms for this, as they increase farmers' capacity to experiment, produce knowledge and build innovations themselves. However, there is a...
India - Mali - Togo
活动
2022
Although the relevance of agroecological farm and management approaches for achieving sustainable development goals is widely acknowledged, a gap persists regarding their implementation. Agroecological approaches require the co-creation of knowledge and exchange at eye level between scientists, extensionists and farmers. The final of the Innovation Challenge “Advisory for Agroecology” will take...
活动
2022
20 May 2022 | Register HERE Beekeeping is a widespread and global activity, with millions of beekeepers depending on bees for their livelihoods and well-being. Bees provide humans with valuable hive products (such as honey, wax, propolis, pollen and royal jelly) and ecosystem services, including pollination, apitherapy and apitourism. They also...
活动
2022
This two-week intensive on-site field course, in Kenya on 10-23 July 2022,  will take a highly multidisciplinary mix of participants and instructors on a tour of the agroecological opportunities and challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. During the course, participants will visit farming communities across the wide environmental and economic gradients found along the Rift...
Kenya
活动
2022