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Book (stand-alone)Manuel sur l'application du Systèm de l'analyse des risques - points critiques pour leur maîtrise (HACCP) pour la prévention et la contrôle des mycrotoxines 2003Les mycotoxines sont considérées comme faisant partie des contaminants alimentaires les plus significatifs en termes d’impact sur la santé publique, la sécurité alimentaire et l’économie de nombreux pays, notamment en développement. Elles affectent de nombreux produits agricoles, dont les céréales, les fruits secs, les noix, les grains de café et les graines oléagineuses, qui sont un capital important pour les pays en développement. Ces productions majeures sont très sensibles à la contamination par les moisissures et à la production de mycotoxines. La contamination des produits par les mycotoxines se réalise lorsqu’un ensemble de conditions environnementales au champ, ainsi que de techniques incorrectes de récolte, de stockage, et de transformation sont réunies.
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ArticleRegional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods 2019
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No results found.In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet. -
Book (stand-alone)Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003 2004Since the discovery of the aflatoxins in the 1960s, regulations have been established in many countries to protect consumers from the harmful effects of mycotoxins that may contaminate foodstuffs, as well as to ensure fair practices in food trade. Various factors play a role in decision-making processes focused on setting limits for mycotoxins. The last comprehensive overview on worldwide regulations was published as the FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 64 in 1997. At that time, 77 countries had specific regulations for mycotoxins in different foods and feeds and 13 countries had general provisions, while about 50 countries did not have data available. The number of countries with specific regulations for mycotoxins has increased over the years. This reflects the general concern that governments have about the potential effects of mycotoxins on humans and animal health and their implications for trade. The present publication updates the information in the FAO Food and Nutrition Pa per 64 and describes the situation of worldwide mycotoxin regulations as of December 2003, based on an international inquiry that was carried out in 2002 and 2003.
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