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Book (series)Examining access to natural resources and linkages to sustainable livelihoods
A case study of Mozambique
2004Also available in:
No results found.Since the adoption of a new Constitution in 1990 and the signing of the peace accord in 1992, Mozambique has witnessed a period of rapid regulatory change in respect to the rules that govern the ownership and rights of use of a range of natural resources. There are newlaws and regulations in place that govern access to and beneficial use of land, forest and mineral resources and a new environmental framework law. FAO has been involved in providing assistance to the recent policy development processes in Mozambique, particularly in respect to the land and forestry sectors. There are ongoing FAO projects in land administration, community forestry, territorial planning, food security and judicial training, all of which are concerned with or affected by the policies, institutions and processes that impact upon access to natural resources by the poor. The overall purpose of the paper is to analyse the extent to which the regulatory changes to natural resource access and management have had their intended effect and to identify and explore the critical issues that require further attention. -
Book (stand-alone)Enabling institutional environments conducive to livelihood improvement and adapted investments in sustainable land and water uses
SOLAW21 Technical background report
2022Also available in:
No results found.This report reviews the main global trends in land and water uses, policies and investments that have taken place over the last decade and identifies the institutional arrangements that have been the most conducive to sustainable and equitable use of these resources. The report focuses particularly on family farmers, who have limited access to key resources (land, water, credit and infrastructure). It pays special attention to their common challenges and needs, but also to their diverse conditions. It provides evidence-based information on the institutional conditions needed to ensure inclusive land and water programmes, and to upscale such programmes at local levels. It is based on a systematic review of official documents and academic papers and on detailed case studies, often grounded in the authors’ own significant knowledge. The report is organized in three main parts. The first section begins with a review of the main global trends affecting land and water uses over the last decade, and links them to the public policies and types of private investment that encouraged such trends. The main structural drivers of growing pressures on water resources and land availability are discussed, including population growth, diet changes, climate change, urbanization and biofuel development. The report discusses the direct effects of these drivers, including water scarcity, increased global competition for land use and the degradation of existing resources, on land and water availability. It then examines the main types of private investments and public policies that drive these trends: large-scale land acquisition, reassertion of large-scale infrastructure programmes for surface water irrigation, public subsidies and private initiatives that stimulate access to groundwater. The second section of the report focuses on the impacts of global changes, policies and investments on farmers’ livelihoods and water use. It reviews the numerous beneficial impacts of irrigation on poverty reduction emphasizing that they are highly contextual and unequally shared across social groups. It documents the widening gap between irrigated and rainfed areas, and the risks of a medium-term crisis for agricultural economies that are based on groundwater irrigation. It emphasizes that existing policies are poorly tailored to farmers’ needs. Lastly, the section documents the complex relationship between migration and increased pressures on land and water. The third section of the report charts the way forward for more sustainable and equitable management of land and water. It takes stock of policies inspired by the principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM). -
Book (series)Children’s property and inheritance rights and their livelihoods: The context of HIV and AIDS in Southern and East Africa 2006
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No results found.This paper focuses on legal and institutional aspects of children’s property and inheritance rights in Southern and East Africa. Chapter 2 discusses violations of children’s property and inheritance rights and discusses how the spread of HIV/AIDS has contributed to the violations. Chapter 3 assesses several norms of customary law that aim to protect children’s property and inheritance rights as well as the current practices of customary law that—in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic—serve to c omplicate and limit children’s ability to maintain their rights. Chapter 4 reviews and assesses a selection of international laws and national laws from the countries in the region that influence children’s property and inheritance rights, emphasizing succession and land laws. Several gaps in national legislation and policy that need to be addressed are identified.
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