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Land Reform: Land settlement and cooperatives 2002/1

Year of publication 2002

Pages 134 p.

Publisher FAO ;

Product type Book (series)

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) Land and land reform cover a great range, both in terms of the geographical and development status of the countries considered, and of the variety of perspectives on the issues. The articles in this issue of Land Reform, Land Resettlement and Cooperatives reflect this breadth in a variety of ways. The articles range geographically from the paper addressing land and agrarian reform in Colombia, by Professor Darío Fajardo, to a consideration of the land reforms currently under way in Scotland, by Douglas Macmillan, Ken Thomson and Bill Slee. It is interesting and important to remember that land reform is not solely confined to the developing or transitional world, and the breadth of articles in this edition reinforces that understanding.

Language Trilingual

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    In this issue, we present a historical overview from the perspective of our Rural Development Division and colleagues of the Land Tenure Service. We begin with a contribution from Professor Riad El-Ghonemy, the former Chief of the Land Tenure Service and one of the originators of this bulletin back in the 1960s. He expounds his views on the challenges of land reform and on how these have changed over the past forty years. There then follow three articles, submitted in May 2003 to the 29th sessio n of the Committee on World Food Security, on the impact of access to land on improving food security and alleviating poverty. In the first, Professor Michael Carter of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the United States, deals with the design of land reform and land rights as instruments for alleviating poverty and enhancing food security. In the second article, Professor José-Eli da Veiga of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, recounts his country’s recent experience in land reform, while, in the third, Mr Edgar A. Guardian, Head of the Agrarian Reform Project in the Philippines, relates the experience of this project through which FAO’s Rural Development Division has supported land reform in the Philippines since 1990.
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    Land Reform: Land settlement and cooperatives 2002/2 2002
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    The management of conflict over land and natural resources is a very broad issue and there is a growing literature on techniques that have potential for use in this field. At the moment, the Land Tenure Service of FAO’s Rural Development Division is working towards achieving a deeper understanding of the current methods and practices in land conflict management and is gathering cases from all over the world to ascertain the techniques used and the results achieved. This edition of La nd Reform, Land Settlement and Cooperatives, prepared with the strong support of Ms A. Herrera, of the Land Tenure Service, reflects some of the Organization’s recent activities in this area. Ricardo Ramírez’ article provides a framework for considering the question of land conflict. The full article can be found on the FAO SD Dimensions Web site (available at www.fao.org/sd/2002/IN0301_en.htm). This article is backed up by Sofia Monsalve’s article, which outlines the importance of the legal framework and of rights in land. The remaining articles, a selection drawn from Africa (Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau), Latin America (Mexico, Ecuador) and Asia (the Philippines), provide detailed case studies of land and natural resource conflict and its management in the field.
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    For a number of years, FAO’s Land Tenure Service has sought to contribute to the debate on the basis of acceptance that agrarian societies are diverse and that solutions must come directly from those concerned and not derive from external visions bearing little resemblance to local realities. The refusal to accept an “easy” answer to the land issue does not, however, mean that we should not explore ways of taking the matter forward. This volume sets out to facilitate the debate by suggesting a m ethodological itinerary that has four distinct stages: •general understanding of the issue; •in-depth analysis, requiring appropriate methodological tools; •elaboration of appropriate measures, using a participatory approach; •ongoing monitoring to introduce any modifications needed as country and regional situations change. Often, we must turn to agrarian history if we are to understand the deep-rooted origins of an agrarian issue – a lesson taught to us by Marc Bloch and his disciples. The fir st articles take up this theme: C. Kay provides a stimulating historical account of agrarian reform in Latin America; P. Mathieu, S. Mugangu Matabaro and A. Mafikiri Tsongo share their reflections on one of the bloodiest conflicts of recent years, that of the Great Lakes Region in Africa; and G. Ciparisse analyses the historical evolution of land access rights in sub-Saharan Africa. These three articles all emphasize the notion of complexity and the intricate web of factors which produces a some times explosive mix of agrarian reform.
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