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Book (series)Forestry legislation in Central and Eastern Europe: A Comparative Outlook 2001
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No results found.Following the political changes of the early 1990s, most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have adopted new forestry legislation. This study begins with a brief examination of the reasons that have led to this rapid replacement of existing forestry legislation, as well as the constraints which such reforms have encountered (Section I). Section II of the study examines how developments in the forestry legislation of these countries relate to international developments currently takin g place. The overall opening up of Central and Eastern European countries to international contacts and co-operation has influenced the formulation of domestic policies and legislation, and international initiatives (such as those which led to the adoption of the Rio Forest Principles) have been well received. Harmonization of forestry laws of these countries with those of the European Community, with a view to future accession, is not necessary at this stage, since Community legislation is mai nly limited to the regulation of forestry financing programmes. Nevertheless, Community legislation envisages forestry as one aspect of integrated rural development, which is an overall approach that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe may wish to follow. Section III examines how six principal issues are treated in the emerging forestry legislation of the region. The analysis shows that sustainable development of forests is generally an express objective of the legislation. One of the mo st complex issues concerns the establishment of a legal regime for private forests, whether natural forests which may have been distributed to former owners or otherwise privatized, or planted forests. Excessively stringent rules (such as the imposition of detailed management plans still prepared by the administration) may discourage private forestry activities, and are difficult to implement and enforce. In most of the laws studied, integrated, participatory forest management has not yet replac ed the traditional emphasis on technical forest management, although some innovations in this regard have been introduced. Among the final considerations is the necessity for appropriate subsidiary legislation, and for a sustained commitment by governments to implementation of the newly designed legal strategies (Section IV). -
Book (series)Trends in Forestry Legislation: Western Europe 2000In many countries of Western Europe forest laws have long histories, and have been subject to revision and amendment in light of new social, economic and environmental demands. As a result, there is a great variety of times of adoption, structures and contents in the principal forestry legislation as applicable at present. Nevertheless, a review of this body of legislation reveals certain overall trends and insights as to the evolutionary direction of forest law in the region. Generally, the c ontent of most laws has become multi-purpose oriented and refers in particular to sustainable forest management, public participation, private forestry, Government support to forestry, integration of forestry and related activities, and protection against fires and the adverse effects from natural calamities.This contribution reviews the present situation of forestry legislation in Western European countries, examines important issues regulated in forest laws, discusses briefly the role of Europ ean Community legislation, and identifies significant trends in recent laws addressing forest conservation and sustainable forest management. The list of legislative texts which have been reviewed is included at the end. It is followed by a bibliography containing references on general developments in the region as well as country specific references.
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Book (series)Participatory forestry in Central Asia and the Caucasus: current legal trends and future perspectives 2008
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No results found.The objective of this paper is to identify the current legal trends in participatory forestry in the Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) and in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan).4 The region is unique and interesting because countries share a common Soviet past and currently present different degrees of departure from the centralized planning system and, in some cases, from the state’s exclusive ownership of natural resources.5 Three aspects wi ll be analyzed more specifically with respect to participatory forestry, against the background of international obligations and good practices: a) public participation in forest-related decision-making; b) public access to forest-related information; and c) the direct participation of local communities in forest management. Before turning to the comparative legal analysis, this study offers an overview of the region: the characteristics of the forest sector, the institutional and legal framewor k for forest management, as well as adherence to relevant international agreements. As some of the countries in the region are currently engaged in forest law reform, the study will conclude with some reflections on how to enhance participatory forestry.
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