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Remote sensing for space-time mapping of smog in Punjab and identification of the underlying causes using geographic information system (R-SMOG)









FAO. 2020. Remote sensing for space-time mapping of smog in Punjab and identification of the underlying causes using geographic information system (R-SMOG). Islamabad.




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    Establishing residue supply chains to reduce open burning – The case of rice straw and renewable energy in Punjab, India 2022
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    Open burning of crop residues in India is a serious issue that not only impacts human health but is also detrimental to soil health in the long term. According to the estimates from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, about 500 million tonnes of crop residues are generated annually. While a portion of these residues is used for various purposes, a larger portion is burnt in the fields. The problem seems to be specifically severe in Punjab where a large quantity of rice straw is nurnt after harvesting rice to prepare the field quickly and cheaply for wheat cultivation. It is in this background that the project aimed to support the local government in Punjab and the national government of India to use rice straw productively and avoid open burning. Rice straw is a useful resource that can be used in-situ to maintain soil fertility as well as ex-situ to produce value added products including energy. However, a key challenge in using crop residues, including rice straw, is to mobilize it in systematically. This report presents a model crop residue value chain that can support the collection, transport, storage of rice straw which can enable productive uses of rice straw. Moreover, it estimates the quantity of rice straw produced in each district in Punjab and further estimates the investment needed in developing a crop residue supply chain in the state. Finally, it also undertakes a techno-economic assessment of energy technlogies to identify the most profitable way to use rice straw to produce sustainable energy.
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    Policy brief
    Gender roles related work burden and child labour in agriculture in Punjab 2022
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    This policy brief presents the findings from a study conducted by the Punjab Economic Research Institute (PERI), with the support of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The objective is to analyze the causal relationship between gender roles and vulnerabilities, with a focus on women's work burden, and their effects on child labour in agriculture in Multan, Bahawalpur and Vehari districts, in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The findings informed the design for the FAO component under the European Union funded CLEAR Cotton project. FAO's intervention centred on strengthening livelihoods of cotton producing households, through the provision of technical and life skills trainings for beneficiaries, to foster investments in children's education.

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