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Measuring SDG indicator 5.a.1: Individual’s land ownership over agricultural land using data from the Rural Livelihoods Information System (RuLIS)

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    Guidelines on strengthening gender equality in land registration – Southeast Europe 2021 2021
    The present Guidelines form part of a joint effort by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) to help countries achieve indicator 5.a.2 of Target 5.a in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations in 2015. Target 5.a is to “Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance, and natural resources in accordance with national laws” and is measured by two indicators:
    • Indicator 5.a.1: (a) Percentage of people with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land (out of total agricultural population), by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure.
    • Indicator 5.a.2: Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control.
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    Beyond ownership: tracking progress on women’s land rights in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infographic 2016
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    Ensuring equal rights in ownership and control over land for women and men is essential to achieve gender equality (SDG5) and eliminate poverty (SDG1). Yet capturing the true status of land rights and measuring progress in the SDGs targets related to land tenure is still a challenge, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where: 1)land tenure is often governed by both customary and statutory laws; 2)large swaths of land remain unregistered and women’s plots are less likely than men’s plots to be docum ented;3)few surveys capture sex-disaggregated data and inquire about the owners and the managers of land separately; 4) landownership, management and other rights over land are often used interchangeably while they do not always overlap! To capture the real status of land rights in countries and monitor the progress in the SDGs, surveys need to consider the different rights and levels of decision-making over land of women and men. When surveys consider these different bundles of rights over land , evidence from 6 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa shows that: 1)women are disadvantaged not only in the ownership but also in the management of land;2) in most countries, female owners do not manage their lands alone, while female managers do not necessarily own the plot; 3) a significant share of reported owners do not have the rights to sell or use the land as collateral and women are particularly disadvantaged.
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    Gender and Land Statistics 2016
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    Secure tenure rights and control over land for women and men farmers are key to boosting smallholder productivity, rural development and food security. However, in many parts of the world, men and women have inadequate access to secure property rights over land. Women are particularly disadvantaged: even though they constitute on average 43 percent of the agricultural labour force in developing countries, women’s ownership of agricultural land remains significantly lower than that of men. Women ’s lack of secure rights over land translates into lower productivity, perpetrating food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. Land statistics disaggregated by sex are essential to monitor progress towards a more secure and gender-equitable land tenure system and to highlight the disparities in land rights between women and men, providing a sense of women’s economic empowerment in agriculture. While clarifying some of the concepts on land, this paper also provides an overview of five indicators of the Gender Land and Rights Database (GLRD), the dimensions they capture and how each one of them is calculated.

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