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Terminal evaluation of “Strengthening capacity for climate change adaptation through support to integrated watershed management in Lesotho”

Project symbol: GCP/LES/049/LDF - GEF ID: 5124











Annex 1. Terms of reference

Management response

Follow-up report


FAO. 2021. Terminal evaluation of “Strengthening capacity for climate change adaptation through support to integrated watershed management in Lesotho”. Project Evaluation Series, 10/2021. Rome.



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    Strengthening Capacity for Climate Adaptation in Lesotho - GCP/LES/049/LDF 2022
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    In many parts of southern Africa, agricultural production is stagnant or in decline, particularly in subsistence and smallholder agriculture. Among the reasons for this are climate variability and climate change, as resource poor farmers are unable to cope with or adapt to climate risks. The Kingdom of Lesotho is considered highly vulnerable to climate challenges. The country is over reliant on rainfed agriculture for food production and has a large poor rural population engaged in subsistence farming. Vulnerability in Lesotho is characterized by fragile and substantially degraded soils, high levels of food insecurity and poverty, and lack of infrastructure, which curtails the ability of the population to deal with increasing climate variability and climate change. The project aimed at reducing vulnerability, increasing adaptive capacity and building resilience at community level against the adverse impacts of climate change in the country. The project was designed to cover the four agro ecological zones of Lesotho, i.e. the lowlands, mountains, foothills and Senqu River Valley. Its specific objectives were to strengthen the implementation of sustainable land and water management (SLM/W) practices, and to promote diversified on and off farm livelihood strategies focused on crops and livestock.
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    Evaluation of the project “Strengthening the adaptive capacity and resilience of rural communities using micro watershed approaches to climate change and variability to attain sustainable food security in Cambodia”
    Project code: GCP/CMB/036/LDF GEF ID: 4434
    2021
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    Cambodia is among the Least Developed Countries that continue to struggle with serious environmental issues, among which are climate change, water resources and land degradation. The project, implemented from 2014 to 2020, contributed to build the adaptive capacity of rural communities and reduce their vulnerability to climate change through micro-watershed management and climate resilient agriculture practices through interventions at national, sub-national and community levels. It was designed to address barriers at all levels (local to national) stemming from lack of awareness, knowledge, understanding and capacity concerning climate change adaptation and the absence of alternative livelihoods, particularly affecting rural women. The evaluation found that the project activities made some important steps in contributing to reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience for climate change adaptation in the pilot communes. While the project managed to implement many of the outputs, a number of issues and delays limited the effectiveness on-the-ground of this innovative yet ambitious project.
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    Tackling Land Degradation and Enhancing Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Lesotho - GCP/LES/052/GER 2024
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    Lesotho has experienced a cycle of environmental degradation, poverty and climate change over the past 50 years. Population growth, poverty and food insecurity have forced people into previously uninhabited areas like wetlands and mountain slopes. As a result, the country has suffered severe land degradation that threatens traditional herding culture and livelihoods. The significant reduction in arable land increases food insecurity, reduces livelihood opportunities and fuels communal conflict. At the same time wetland degradation reduces water supply across the basin area. In addition, uncontrolled land degradation increasingly threatens essential infrastructure such as dams, roads and buildings. Climate change presents an aggravating factor. This project was designed within the overall framework of the Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) programme implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), which seeks to ensure that ICM facilitates socioeconomic development and adaptation to climate change in Lesotho. FAO aimed to support the whole programme by establishing baseline data on key indicators under ICM in Lesotho, and laying the foundation for the development of a robust ICM monitoring system.

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