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Improving vertical and horizontal governmental collaboration is key for strengthening fisheries surveillance in the Indonesian Sea Large Marine Ecosystem









Lukman, M., Putra, D.P., Ismiarto, N., Supriadi, A. & Kuncoro, H.S. 2022. Improving vertical and horizontal governmental collaboration is key for strengthening fisheries surveillance in the Indonesian Sea Large Marine Ecosystem. Jakarta, FAO.



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    Indonesian Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (ISLME) Project of “Enabling Transboundary cooperation for sustainable management of the Indonesia Seas” is a Project of GEF/FAO cooperation with Indonesia and Timor Leste to strengthen regional cooperation and support the effective and sustainable management of ISLME area. The implementation of ISLME project has been designed to improve fisheries resource management, in four Fisheries Management Areas (FMA or FMA) of Indonesia that are FMANRI 712, 713, 714 and 573 and the coast of Timor Leste bordered to Indonesia waters. There are three components of the project namely: 1) Identifying and addressing threats to the marine environment including unsustainable fisheries; 2) Strengthening capacity for regional and sub-regional cooperation in marine resources management; and 3) Coordination with regional information networks, monitoring of project impacts, and dissemination and exchange of information. According to ISLME Project Document (GCF/RAS/289/GFF), through an important process under component 2, the project are piloted at seven sites, four of them will be in Indonesia (FMA 712, 713, 714, and 573) and two in Timor-Leste and one in transboundary area. An intensive consultative processes have been conducted in national level, particularly with Directorate of Fisheries Resources Management, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, and others related institution (e.g. DG of Aquaculture, Marine Spatial Planning and Management, Surveillance), and in the 7 provinces (Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara and East Kalimantan) related to 5 priorities group of fishery, i.e. blue swimming crab, snappers and groupers, small pelagic fish, lobsters, and mud crab.
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    The Indonesian Seas Large Marine Ecosystem is a region shared by Indonesia (98 percent) and north coast of Timor-Leste (2 percent). Characterized by warm surface temperature and the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) that contributes to climate regulation, the region is a hub of mega biodiversity with unique habitats and ecosystems that offer high fisheries productivities and various other ecosystem goods and services. However, its valuable resources have for years been increasingly exploited by various resource users.Indonesia and Timor-Leste, with FAO support, formulated the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) in close collaboration with expert stakeholders. The TDA is an intensive, scientific document that leads to the identification of the five Primary Environmental Concerns (PECs), namely (i) declining productivity and sustainability of ISLME fishery and aquaculture, (ii) degradation and loss of marine habitats, (iii) marine and land-based pollution, (iv) decline of biodiversity and key species, (v) climate change impacts.
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    The Indonesian Seas Large Marine Ecosystem Strategic Action Programme
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    The Indonesian Seas Large Marine Ecosystem is a region shared by Indonesia (98 percent) and north coast of Timor-Leste (2 percent). Characterized by warm surface temperature and the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) that contribute to climate regulation, the region is a hub of mega biodiversity with unique habitats and ecosystems that offer high fisheries productivities and various other valuable ecosystem goods and services. The region has been instrumental to ensure nutrition, livelihood and coastal communities wellbeing. However, increasing fishing pressures, human and economic activities have threatened the sustainability of the region’s resources. Through the FAO/GEF-supported ISLME project, Indonesia and Timor-Leste formulated the Strategic Action Programme (SAP) in close collaboration with national fisheries and marine experts and stakeholders. The SAP is a follow-up of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), an intensive, scientific causal chain analysis leading to the identification of the five Primary Environmental Concerns (PECs) to the region sustainability. With a vision to sustainable fisheries and healthy ocean in the ISLME area, providing ecosystem benefits for the long-term prosperity of the communities, the SAP aims to achieve three goals: ecosystem wellbeing, good governance and human wellbeing. The SAP’s five priority action plans are namely: (i) maintaining sustainable fisheries, (ii) restoring marine habitat biodiversity, (iii) reducing marine pollution, (iv) conserving ETP and other key marine species; and (v) responding to impacts of climate change. Each action. These are further elaborated into National Action Plans (NAPs), consisting 63 action plans for Indonesia, 25 action plans for Timor-Leste and 97 common action plans with an estimated total investment of USD 49 million over a five-year-period.The SAP, endorsed by both governments in January 2024, sets concrete timeframe, targets to achieve and the actors for each action plan initiative; and risks and management strategies to guide efforts towards sustainability.

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