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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetThe gender gap in land rights 2018
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No results found.For rural women and men, land is often the most important household asset for supporting agricultural production and providing food security and nutrition. Evidence shows that secure land tenure is strongly associated with higher levels of investment and productivity in agriculture – and therefore with higher incomes and greater economic wellbeing. Secure land rights for women are often correlated with better outcomes for them and their families, including greater bargaining power at household and community levels, better child nutrition and lower levels of gender-based violence. However, in many parts of the world both men and women have inadequate access to secure rights over land. Women are particularly disadvantaged in this regard. Reliable, sex-disaggregated data on land is crucial for highlighting disparities in land rights between women and men; this enables us to improve policy formulation and to monitor progress towards gender equality in agriculture and land tenure. Although there are significant efforts underway to collect better and more relevant data on land rights, there is still a lack of understanding as to what data are available and needed, and what they can tell us about women’s land rights. This information brief highlights the key concepts around land rights, the various indicators that are needed to understand the gender gap, and the statistics available for each indicator. The brief also describes the issues surrounding the statistics, and offers potential policy responses for improving women’s land rights and the monitoring of those rights. -
Book (stand-alone)Gender equality, social protection and rural development in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Insights from the region
2016Also available in:
This publication is a collection of articles written by economists, sociologists, and gender specialists and practitioners from twelve post-Soviet countries in Eastern Europe, South Caucasus and Central Asia. It is unique in its effort to review and analyze the issues that are at the intersection of gender equality, social protection and rural development in the region. Overall, there is a lack of research, documented knowledge and public discourse on this subject and a multi-disciplinary approa ch is necessary for ensuring an in-depth and rigorous understanding of these intersecting issues in the context of the region. In supporting this publication, the FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia intends to draw attention to these issues as critical for the socio-economic development of the region, and raise greater awareness among all stakeholders and promote more research in this area. One of the main reasons why this subject remains on the periphery of research and discourse is the widespread public opinion that issues relating to gender have already been addressed and are, therefore, not priorities for rural development and social protection. Indeed, in the post-Soviet countries, women, including those located in rural areas, continue to enjoy relatively high levels of literacy and education and high economic activity rates. Furthermore, all countries, in an effort to sustain the achievements of the previous regime, have recognized the formal supremacy of internation al legal norms and UN standards, including in the area of gender equality and women’s rights. They have also been developing and implementing national policies towards achieving gender equality. However, if we look beyond the average numbers, and disaggregate available statistics by sex and by location wherever possible, we can see that in critical areas (for example, formal employment; access to social services such as childcare facilities and pensions; and participation in local governance, am ong others), rural women often emerge as the most disadvantaged group. There are also key issues, for example, access to productive resources (such as land, credits, agricultural equipment and extension services) that are of crucial importance to rural livelihoods but are not commonly viewed from a gender perspective. Across the region, women form a majority in the rural population, and a significant proportion of the labour force engaged in agriculture. However, the overarching trend in terms o f rural women’s employment is their engagement in informal, low-skilled and low-paid jobs. Women’s access to assets and productive resources is also significantly lower than that of rural men’s. Rural women’s participation in public life has reduced dramatically over the last decades, and generous social welfare is no longer a social norm. -
BookletWomen’s employment in agrifood systems
Background paper for The status of women in agrifood systems
2023Also available in:
No results found.Tackling poverty and food insecurity requires research and policies that go beyond the agriculture sector and consider the entire agrifood system. Women play important roles in agrifood systems, but their work in the different segments of agrifood systems is poorly captured. This paper produces global and regional estimates of the share of working women and men employed in agrifood systems, differentiating between primary agricultural production and off-farm agrifood-system activities. It looks at the gender patterns of employment in the different activities of agrifood systems between 2005 and 2019 and at how these patterns changed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study finds that, despite decreases in the share of working men and women employed in agrifood systems over the past 15 years, agrifood systems remain an important source of livelihood for both men and women, but especially for women in low- and middle-income countries. However, women’s working conditions tend to be more vulnerable than men’s in both agriculture and off-farm agrifood systems. The paper also highlights methodological issues around the measurement of women’s employment in agrifood systems, which can have important implications for the design of livelihoods interventions. Background paper to the FAO flagship The status of women in agrifood systems https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/CC5060EN .
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