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ArticleLand tenure governance approaches that tackle policy incoherence, secure rights, improve livelihoods, and maintain forests: Replicable and scalable lessons from a grassroot experience in Honduras
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Insecure forest tenure can hamper even the most exemplary community forestry management initiatives. This paper describes and reflects on the case study of the Villa Santa Agroforestry Cooperative, a community organization located in eastern Honduras. Due to policy incoherence, the public forest area concessioned to them since the 1970's was later subjected to land privatization-individual titling schemes based on Agrarian Reform policies. This disrupted and fragmented the former collective tenure regime under which the Cooperative had well managed the forest. In 2012, the concession was almost revoked due to this situation threatening the livelihoods of hundreds of families that depended on it. Despite the challenging context, the institutional leadership and commitment shown by a renewed forest administration and the Cooperative reverted this decision. In 2013, both entities initiated an ample Forest-Land Regularization Process that included the cadaster of all public and private plots and their right holders. Wide open consultations were held with stakeholders, including private land-owners who negotiated mechanisms to work with the Cooperative. As a result, a Public-Private Forest Management Plan was approved; an innovative scheme that remains to this day the only of its kind in Honduras. These processes enabled the Cooperative to attract investments from government, private sector and donors, including agroforestry schemes to restore degraded areas and diversify incomes. Also, transactional costs of traditional activities like pine resination have lowered, and thus continue to sustain communities' livelihoods in the midst of the COVID19 crisis. Further research is still needed to evaluate the scale of the impact and sustainability of the initiatives, but the initial outcomes show the need to escalate its lessons and good practices to a renewed nation-wide community forestry policy that can better contribute to the SDG's livelihood and conservation objectives. Keywords: Forest tenure; Secure land rights; Collective land rights; Community-based forestry; Honduras ID: 3485859 -
ArticleBuilding sustainable landscapes and local livelihoods through community forestry in Timor-Leste
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Agriculture, forests, and livestock sectors contribute to the livelihoods of more than 70 percent of the rural population in Timor-Leste. Forests play a significant role to keep the hilly landscape intact, conserve biodiversity, and support income generation and enterprises development. Studies revealed that there is an increasing trend of deforestation, and degradation in Timor-Leste posing significant threats, including those on climate change, food security and survival of local communities. Forest Resource Assessment (FRA), 2020 shows that the forest areas declined from 0.96 mha in 1990 to 0.92 mha in 2020, and this trend has been accelerating very fast. At present, 67 percent of the forests and forestlands in Timor-Leste are under private (largely customary) and 33 percent under public ownership. Management of customary forests and agricultural land is commonly governed by customary institutions such as tara bandu and recognised by the Laws on General Regime of Forests (2017). The Law stipulates that community forestry is the main strategy for implementing the national forest policy. The Government has recognised the role of local people in conservation of watershed, reforestation, generating income and employment through forest-based enterprises. Furthermore, the Government is committed to devolve legal rights to local communities necessary for protection, management and utilisation of forest resources under community forestry. Against this backdrop, as a part of the community forestry technical cooperation program (TCP) to Timor-Leste, FAO has been supporting community-based forestry,and forest tenure assessment in the country using recently developed global frameworks. In addition, community forestry will be further strengthened through enabling legal framework such as forestry law and community forestry strategy. This paper shares the results, and lessons learned so far obtained from the project and draws outlines on future implications for community forestry for building sustainable landscapes and livelihoods in Timor-Leste. Key words: community forestry; Timor-Leste; forest policies; tenure; customary rule ID: 3485599 -
ArticleCommunity forest management and local financing for forest and landscape restoration in Cambodia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest and natural resources are critical to communities in Cambodia, but they are being strongly affected by land encroachment, illegal logging and over-harvesting. Through the support of FAO’s Forest and Landscape Restoration Mechanism (FLRM), and with the local partnership of the Center for People and Forests (RECOFTC), the Phnom Dek Chambok Hos Community Forestry (PDCHCF) committed to restoring the native trees in their designated forestland, protecting biodiversity, increasing forest cover, and preventing land encroachment. The challenge was to achieve these ambitious goals while also generating income for the community and possibly promoting eco- tourism in the long term. Led by Mr. Khea Sochea, who is from the Kouy Indigenous Group, the PDCHCF has developed an innovative restoration management plan paired with a local financing mechanism that provides short-and long-term incentives and credit schemes to engage members for sustainable forest management. The PDCHCF established a tree plantation site that mixes native and fast-growing tree species and dedicated some areas for intercropping within the degraded area. After consulting PDCHCF members, and in compliance with land laws, the PDCHCF Management Committee decided to grant access to two hectares of land for rice cultivation to the five members who are involved in the maintenance of the tree plantation to provide them with an income- generating activity and an incentive to support their restoration efforts. In the medium or long term, PDCHCF members expect to harvest fast-growing trees to generate revenues for community activities and the credit scheme serving as the financial mechanism and incentive scheme to their members. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Economic Development ID: 3487212
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