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Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia

Farm biosecurity, slaughtering and restocking










Bremang, A., Ho, H.P.J., Conan, A., Tang, H., Oh, Y. & Pfeiffer, D.U. 2022. Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia: Farm biosecurity, slaughtering and restocking. Bangkok, FAO.





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    Book (stand-alone)
    Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia
    Culling and disposal of pigs in an African swine fever outbreak
    2022
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    African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages with no effective vaccine or treatment. The incursion of ASF into Asia and the Pacific region has been a major concern as the region is the major pig production area, which produces over 58 percent of pigs globally (FAOSTAT). The concerns, therefore, are growing for its impacts on food security and economics as the virus is expanding towards more areas and countries in the region. As the disease continues to expand into new territories, preparedness and control activities need to be constantly adjusted to adapt to situations observed in the field that may be contrary to what was expected based on international standards or experiences from other parts of the world. National veterinary services face challenges in these complex situations, and so regional and international support is needed to fill capacity gaps required for ASF control and to facilitate dialogue among key stakeholders. Through various regional and national consultation meetings, affected countries have requested technical support to make available relevant technical guidelines for ASF control that are practical especially for smallholder pig farmers in the context of Asia (SO5). This [Culling and disposal of pigs in an ASF outbreak] is the second of the series of the “Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia” which provides guidance on planning and conducting pig culling and disposal operations in smallholder setting including other relevant actions, such as cleaning and disinfection of premises in the event of an ASF outbreak.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia
    Clean chain approach for African swine fever in smallholder settings
    2022
    Also available in:

    African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs with no effective vaccine or treatment. The incursion of ASF into Asia and the Pacific region has been a major concern as the region is the major pig production area, which produces over 58 percent of pigs globally (FAOSTAT). The impact of ASF on economies and food security is increasingly worrying. As the disease continues to expand into new territories, preparedness and control activities need to be constantly adjusted to adapt to situations observed in the field that may be contrary to what was expected based on international standards or experiences from other parts of the world. Through various regional and national consultation meetings, affected countries have requested technical relevant technical guidelines for ASF control that are practical especially for smallholder pig farmers in the context of Asia (SO5). This volume is the fourth of the series of the “Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia” which outlines the principles of an ASF clean-chain system for smallholder pig producers in Southeast Asia. It provides recommendations on the practical application of good biosecurity management practices combined with traceability in smallholder pig systems necessary for the continued production and supply of commodities along the pork value chain irrespective of the prevailing ASF virus risk situation.
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    Project
    African Swine Fever Emergency Preparedness in Latin America and The Caribbean - TCP/RLA/3729 2022
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    African swine fever ( is a viral disease with potentially serious implications for global trade and food safety The virus remains active for long periods of time in infected blood, faeces and tissues, and there is currently no vaccine, which makes it difficult to contain the disease and impossible to control it The disease has a major impact on countries, regions and subregions generating the following i job losses ;;( loss of export markets ;;( animal mortality ;;( resource scarcity among low income populations ;;( loss of animal protein sources and ( reduction of vulnerable families’ economic capacity In the Americas there are two modalities of pig production rural and industrial Rural production is carried out by smallholder farmers, who use low level technologies and keep small numbers of animals that transform grass, local crops and household waste into animal protein This is based mainly on domestic animal husbandry, with few animals on each farm, but spread over large geographical areas In these farms, the lack of veterinary care, health control, identification and traceability poses a major risk for the introduction of ASF In contrast, industrial pig production employs specialized technologies with large numbers of animals, veterinary assistance and a well organized slaughter and marketing chain An ASF outbreak would have a devastating impact on the livelihoods of rural inhabitants who raise pigs as a source of additional income Moreover, the costs of control measures, including the culling of infected stock and disinfection of infrastructure and fomites, will diminish resilience in the affected areas After an absence of more than 40 years from Latin America and the Caribbean, the fact that ASF has appeared in the region demonstrates the need for a project to provide tools and tasks to the Official Veterinary Services ( In collaboration with the World Organization for Animal Health ( FAO has created the Standing Group of Experts of the Global Framework for the Progressive Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF TADs) for the Americas.

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