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Dietary assessment

A resource guide to method selection and application in low resource settings












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    Book (stand-alone)
    FAO/Intake joint meeting report on Dietary Data Collection, Analysis and Use
    Taking Stock of Country Experiences and Promising Practices in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    2020
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    Dietary data provide critical information to guide the design of evidence-based nutrition and agriculture policies and programmes. Such information is especially crucial in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In addition to having the highest levels of undernutrition globally, these countries are now also seeing dramatic changes in dietary patterns, with diets shifting increasingly away from a “traditional diet”, towards a diet more heavily influenced by processed, packaged and energy-dense foods with little nutrient content. As a method for collecting data on what people eat, nationally representative, quantitative 24-hour dietary recall surveys are considered the gold standard, but they are expensive, time-consuming and require specialized technical expertise to carry out. Thus, despite the clear need for dietary data in LMICs, the number of such countries with nationwide dietary data available to guide the design of policies and programmes remains relatively low. This report provides a summary and highlights from a technical meeting on “Dietary Data Collection, Analysis and Use: Taking Stock of Country Experiences and Promising Practices in Low- and Middle-Income Countries”, jointly convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Intake Center for Dietary Assessment, on December 11–13, 2019 at FAO headquarters in Rome, Italy. The meeting, which brought together experts from 20 LMICs across different regions of the world, aimed overall to promote South–South learning, cross-regional networking, and the sharing of experiences with national (or large-scale), government-led, government-owned, quantitative 24-hour dietary recall surveys in LMICs.
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    Dietary patterns of households in Samoa 2017
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    Poor diet has been identified as a major risk factor contributing to rising NCD incidence rates in Samoa – yet the factors driving poor dietary outcomes are poorly understood. Using data from Samoa’s Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2013), this brief establishes the average intake of nutrients (Calories, fat, protein, vitamin A, iron and sodium) central to an adequate diet, and which households are most at risk. It identifies the food items contributing most to current nutrition outcomes and makes recommendations regarding which food items could assist Samoan households to satisfy their dietary requirements in the most cost effective way. This information is to design to help policy-makers design interventions most effective at improving dietary outcomes in Samoa.
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    Estimating the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy from household consumption and expenditure surveys 2022
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    Malnutrition is pervasive in both low- and middle-income countries. Yet, there is a scarcity of food intake data collected at the individual level to describe diets, determine the prevalence of inadequate nutrient consumption in populations, and shed light on how diets contribute to the malnutrition burden. In the absence of nationally representative individual-level food intake surveys, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, dietary data collected in household consumption and expenditure surveys (HCES) are being used as a second-best option to make inferences on the food and nutrient consumption of populations. This paper proposes an innovative approach to estimate variability in nutrient intake that uses food data collected in HCES to estimate the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy in a country. This method builds on the approach developed by FAO to estimate the indicator of inequality used in the Prevalence of Undernourishment used in the global monitoring of food insecurity.

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