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BookletSustaining school enrolment when rains fail
A gender disaggregated analysis of the impacts of school feeding programmes on school enrolment in the context of dry shocks in Malawi
2022Also available in:
No results found.Emerging evidence suggests that rural children, particularly older girls in low-income countries, are at risk of being withdrawn from school when weather-related disasters occur. Identifying actions that mitigate the adverse effects of weather shocks on school enrolment, therefore, is critical for sustaining equitable human capital formation in the context of climate change. In this paper, we use four waves of household and community panel survey data, merged with long-term, spatially explicit rainfall data to investigate whether access to school feeding programmes (SFP) in Malawi supports primary school enrolment when weather shocks occur. We find that access to SFP increases enrolment of children in older age when households experience anomalously low rainfall conditions compared to those without a SFP. The positive impacts of SFP on enrolment for older children remain when we consider the role of SFPs in addressing historical shocks over longer periods. When disaggregated by gender, we find particularly relevant benefits of these programmes for girls in older age in rural areas. These findings suggest that SFPs are an important tool for helping to improve primary school completion rates, educational advancement, and human capital formation in the context of a rapidly changing climate. -
ArticleRx for hot cities: Building climate resilience through urban greening and cooling in Los Angeles, California, USA
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Extreme heat and its health impacts are on the rise. Globally, the six warmest years on record all occurred since 2015, and in Los Angeles (LA) average temperatures are expected to increase up to 4.5°C in coming decades. Extreme heat causes more deaths in the United States than all other weather-related causes combined, with heat risk being most pronounced in urban areas due to the heat-island effect. Reducing urban heat exposure is an equity issue, as low-income communities and communities of color are more likely to live in neighborhoods with older buildings, low tree canopy cover, more heat-retaining surfaces, and limited access to coping strategies such as air conditioning. The Los Angeles Urban Cooling Collaborative (LAUCC) is a multi-disciplinary partnership of researchers and expert practitioners working with communities and government to understand and mitigate heat in LA. LAUCC completed a modeling study of current and projected heat in LA County to: 1) identify geographic areas with highest vulnerability to heat-related death; 2) quantify how various urban forest cover (UFC) and built environment albedo scenarios would affect heat-related mortality, temperature, humidity, and oppressive air masses that lead to elevated mortality; and 3) quantify the number of years that climate change-induced warming could be delayed by implementing these interventions. We find that increasing shade, evaporative cooling, and albedo through increases in UFC and reflective surfaces could save one in four lives lost to heat waves in Los Angeles, mostly in low-income communities and communities of color. We also find that these measures could modify local meteorology sufficiently to delay local effects of global climate change-induced warming by 25 to 60 years under business-as-usual and moderate mitigation scenarios, respectively. These strategies can be adapted to combat extreme heat in other regions that are experiencing similar challenges. Keywords: Human health and well-being, Research, Sustainable forest management, Adaptive and integrated management, Climate change ID: 3479653 -
Book (stand-alone)Module 1: Preparation. Junior Farmer Field and Life School: Facilitator’s Guide. 2011
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No results found.When about to start a JFFLS programme the first few months will be very important in setting the stage for the whole learning process to follow. Participants need to get to know each other and feel comfortable in the group. They will also need to choose an appropriate learning site for holding their JFFLS sessions. Ideally a place with good shade and enough space to hold meetings with easy access to water that is close to the school and to the learning field. Access to a learning field is a lso necessary, as well as to make sure, when necessary, that a feeding programme is in place. During the first few group sessions, the group should also discuss what they expect to learn and what they will be doing in order to make their fields and their lives healthy and productive. In order to prepare boys and girls for the activities to come it is also important that the participants gain an understanding of the cropping calendar as well as the life cycle of plants and animals and how thi s relate to their own life. This module contains sample exercises for each of the learning activities, plus a number of sample energizers and cultural activities that can be used to keep the participants engaged and reinforce their learning. The activities should serve as examples to be modified and applied as appropriate.
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