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Access to food in 2020. Results of twenty national surveys using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)










Last updated date 13/10/2021 (data updated), see corrigendum


Boero, V., Cafiero, C., Gheri, F., Kepple, A.W., Rosero Moncayo J.  & Viviani, S. 2021. Access to food in 2020. Results of twenty national surveys using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Rome, FAO.




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    Results of twenty national surveys using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)
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    This report presents the results of assessments based on the food insecurity experience scale (FIES), data collected by FAO in twenty least developed countries (LDCs), landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) between November 2021 and February 2022. For nine of the countries (including eight SIDS), it was the first time FIES data had been collected. The surveys described in the report were conducted to provide accurate and timely food insecurity assessments of the 20 countries for which food security data are scarce. The detailed results, presented at the subnational level, can support country-level decision-making and will also inform the monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets, specifically SDG Target 2.1.
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    Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2021. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 21-09
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    Resilience is often associated with multivalued and multi-faceted strategies, programs, and projects. After approximately 15 years of empirical evidence in the literature, few research questions remain unexplored and unanswered, especially with the recent occurrence of a global pandemic. In this paper, we are assessing whether there are few and consistently relevant elements that determine resilience capacity as well as investigating which shocks are most dramatically reducing resilience. We also investigate which coping strategies are most frequently adopted in the presence of shocks. Our results show that diversification of income sources, education, access to land, livestock, and agricultural inputs, are the main drivers of households’ resilience capacity. Moreover, the most prevailing shocks are found to be natural, health and livelihood-related shocks. In addition to this, we show that reducing the quantity and quality of food consumed, seeking an extra job, selling assets, taking credit, relying on relatives and social networks are the most adopted coping strategies. Finally, we found that coping strategies are able to mitigate the adverse effects of shocks on resilience capacity; however, they are not sufficient to offset their long-term negative consequences. Our conclusion is that adequate investments in resilience are conditional to a) engaging with activities that are broadly consistent across countries and b) fine-tuning the interventions based on context-specificity.

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