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Book (series)Agricultural holdings in the 1970 World Census of Agriculture
A statistical analysis
1984Also available in:
No results found.The FAO Statistics Division has published the results of the 1970 World Census of Agriculture, in a standard form, periodically issued as Census Bulletins entitled "Results by Cnuntries". A study of these results was presented in the "1970 World Census of Agriculture - Analysis and International Comparison of the Results", which included data on the main agricultural structures, such as number and area of agricultural holdings, land tenure, land use, characteristics of agricultural holders, and employment in agriculture. The information presented here gives the results of a statistical analysis of the agricultural holdings' main characteristics (i.e., distribution of the number and area by size, using the log normal distribution). The results show that the distribution of agricultural holdings can be represented fairly well for most of the countries by the lognormal distribution. Indices of concentration of agricultural land are also included. A practical application of the methods here described involves interpolating national data to match FAO standard size groups; this technique has been used by the FAO Statistics Division in preparing, in a standard form, the national agricultural census results. Accordingly, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the work on socio-economic indicators for monitoring and evaluating agrarian reform and rural development, and to further research work related to the structure of agriculture. -
Book (stand-alone)Livestock breeds of China 1984
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No results found.This book gives a brief account of the distribution of livestock in various regions of China, as well as the breed characteristics developed under different ecological conditions. An attempt is made to illustrate the influence on breed formation of environmental factors, in addition to those of genetics and selection. The livestock breeds enumerated Include 14 horse, 2 camel, 14 yellow cattle, 4 dairy and milk/meat dual-purpose cattle, 8 water buffalo (types), 6 yak (types), 13 sheep, 18 goat an d 15 swine. An understanding of animal ecology will undoubtedly guide plans for regionalitzation of livestock In our country. It is also pointed out that our rich breed resources provide us with genetic material of great value in animal breeding. our swine breeds Influenced the improvement or formation of some foreign breeds In the past, and may have even more influence In the future, though this may not be foreseen at present. We should, therefore, promptly study breed characteristics, and wo rk on the Investigation, protection, selection, development and utilization of these valuable resources. The present work is not merely an English translation of the author's recent book, published in Chinese In 1980. It is greatly expanded, and a new chapter on Goat Breeds has been added. Some revisions and necessary corrections have been wde and more illustrations added to ensure that readers will more easily obtain a general idea of the ecological characteristics of livestock breeds in Chin a. Attempts made here to Illustrate the relationship between our livestock breeds and their environments are restricted by the knowledge of the author and the reference data available. This book is just a beginning, and it is earnestly hoped that further systematic and Intensive studies in the field of animal ecology will be made by others. -
Book (stand-alone)Review of the legal frameworks in the ESA-IO Region 2011
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No results found.This review consists of a detailed study of the legal frameworks in the Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Somalia and the United Republic of Tanzania as far as they pertain to fisheries laws, and are related to MCS and actions agreed upon in RFMO Agreements, and as far as they enable effective prosecution. The aim of the study is to provide recommendations for the improvement of these legal frameworks. The general legal review of the above countries is based on a desktop study, which was followed up by in-country specific investigations for Tanzania, Madagascar and Seychelles. Since there are already numerous other reports that consider this same topic, an attempt was made to avoid duplication thereof, and to focus on additional issues where possible. A distinct emphasis was placed on the use of criminal sanctions as a tool to ensure compliance with fisheries legislation. The majority of the report comprises of an assessment of the specific areas that require updating and harmonisation and identification of legal challenges and barriers to enforcement for each country. This assessment is divided into three parts for each country, namely an assessment of the legal framework, an evaluation thereof, and finally, recommendations on how the legislation may be improved. Within the evaluation, legal challenges and barriers to the implementation or adoption of regional agreements and standards and barriers to regional cooperation and information sharing were specific ally considered. The principle fisheries legislation in the Comoros is a 2007 decret, which, while quite extensive, lacks the necessary implementing text. In Kenya the principle fisheries legislation that regulates marine and inland fisheries, as well as aquaculture is comparatively outdated and lacking in many areas, however it was found that the 2011 Bill is extensive, and is in many respects a clear improvement. In Madagascar it was found that the current legislation is currently inadequate a nd contains numerous outdated provisions, such as outdated and inadequate penalties, and inadequate powers of fisheries inspectors. However, as is the case of Kenya, the new 2007 Bill addresses most of these issues. It has however not as yet been finalised, nor is it clear when it will be promulgated. Suggested interventions include a review of all supporting legislation, such as decrees and orders in order to adapt to the Bill. In Mauritius the principal legislation governing fisheries was foun d to have numerous key shortcomings. The recommendation is for a review of the legislation, in order that a comprehensive approach can be taken to ensure that the recent international fisheries instruments to which Mauritius is party are fully implemented. In the Seychelles, there are a number of main pieces of fisheries legislation governing fisheries, and a new Fisheries Bill has been prepared. The new Fisheries Bill, which is expected to become law before the end of 2011 is in the final stage s of development, and is a fine effort to modernize fisheries management. While the Fisheries Act of 1987 does not provide an adequate legal framework for MCS, the 2011 draft Bill is a huge improvement in this regard. In Somalia, it was found that the fisheries legislation is currently outdated and insufficient with regard to the creation of offences and the powers of inspectors, and is no longer an effective tool for fisheries management. There is also an inadequate legal framework for effectiv e MCS, both for the enforcement of domestic legislation as well as the enforcement of regional requirements. The legislative framework requires urgent attention if effective MCS on local and regional level is to be achieved. In Tanzania, there are currently five main pieces of Fisheries’ legislation, because the fishery sector is not a union matter and as a result, Mainland Tanzania and Tanzania Zanzibar each have their own specific pieces of legislation that regulate this sector. The Deep Sea F ishing Authority Act of 1998, as amended in 2007, and the Deep Sea Fishing Authority Regulations of 2009 are comprehensive, and recommendations have been made for their improvement and strengthening.
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