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Value chains, agricultural markets and food security

The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2015–16










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    Book (stand-alone)
    A quantitative analysis of trends in agricultural and food global value chains (GVCs)
    Background paper for The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets (SOCO) 2020
    2020
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    Over the last decade, increasing international fragmentation of production has affected both trade and production: these activities have become increasingly organized around what is commonly referred to as global value chains (GVCs). Increased fragmentation has brought with it challenges of tracing and measuring international divisions of labor, value-added, and so forth. In fact, conventional measures of trade only measure the gross value of exchanges between partners. They are not able to reveal how foreign producers, upstream in the value chain, are connected to final consumers at the end of the value chain. The aim of this paper is to use a globally consistent set of country-level data on GVC participation positioning in the agri-food sectors to distill global and regional trends in GVC participation between 1995-2015. It also focuses on five selected countries: Brazil, Germany, Ghana, Nepal, and Viet Nam - to illustrate how country-specific characteristics affect GVC participation trends as well as identify major differences across countries. This is the first time such a detailed trend analysis has been carried out for the agricultural and food sectors, with near-universal regional coverage, and covering two decades. The authors suggest that the inter-temporal and cross-country trends identified in this paper can contribute to derive insights into development pathways for low-and middle-income countries, as well as identify how key characteristics of countries will affect the way it uses international trade to boost domestic agricultural productivity growth.
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    Are African high-value horticulture supply chains bearers of gender inequality? 2009
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    Modern supply chains – comprising the production and trade of high-value produce, such as horticulture products, destined for high-income markets – are expanding rapidly across developing regions. While there is consensus that the emergence and spread of modern food supply chains is profoundly changing the way food is produced and traded in developing countries, there is still debate on the welfare implications. In this debate the gender effects of high-value agri-food trade and modernization of supply chains remain an almost unexplored issue. In this paper we examine the gender implications in modern horticulture supply chains with a main focus on Africa. We conceptualize the various mechanisms through which women are directly affected by the emergence of modern supply chains, we review existing empirical evidence and add new survey-based quantitative evidence from two studies of high-value horticulture supply chains in Senegal. Our results suggest that the growth of modern horticultu re supply chains has been associated with direct beneficial effects for rural women and reduced gender inequalities in rural areas. We find that that women benefit more and more directly from large-scale estate production and agro-industrial processing, and the creation of employment in these modern agro-industries than from high-value smallholder contract-farming. In addition, we identify several additional unresolved issues where conclusive empirical evidence is still lacking, or where complex causal links of direct and indirect effects are not completely understood yet.
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    Project
    Support for the Development of the Ginger Value Chain in Jamaica - TCP/JAM/3602 2020
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    Boosting the production of ginger in Jamaica has been identified by the Government as an important means of increasing diversity and creating opportunities for improved livelihoods in rural areas, especially among smallholder farmers. This can contribute to enhancing decent rural employment, reducing poverty, and increasing food security among a vulnerable segment of the rural population. The potential also exists for expansion to meet new markets, such as export. However, ginger production is not currently meeting its potential, primarily because of a lack of coordination among stakeholders, a limited framework in which to undertake policy direction, a lack of strategies that take advantage of market opportunities, and the occurrence and spread of ginger rhizome rot disease in key growing areas. The project aimed to provide technical assistance to develop improved governance and management structures for the ginger value chain, in order to achieve greater market development for the crop, and enhanced livelihood opportunities for all stakeholders.

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