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Institutional and Legal Measures to Combat African Swine Fever









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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Addressing African swine fever
    Laboratory protocols and algorithms
    2020
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    The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) including other partners have been working in countries affected or at risk of incursion by African swine fever (ASF). This document was generated as guidance in response to the emergence of ASF in China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. FAO has provided support for laboratory diagnosis of ASF following OIE recommendations, specifically using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in detecting ASF virus. PCR is a highly sensitive and specific method for the molecular detecting ASF virus for a wide range of purposes, including confirmation of clinical cases and confirmation of freedom from infection before movement. The Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP, formerly the Australian Animal Health Laboratories) has developed a diagnostic algorithm based on OIE recommendations and in consultation with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) regional animal health laboratory network. This document describes a validated real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol (the ‘King assay’), which targets the B646L gene, encoding the ASF virus structural protein p72. This assay has been produced in kit form by the ACDP and provided to various veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Southeast Asia by the FAO and OIE. This document also provides links to other reference documents.
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    Booklet
    A risk assessment for the introduction of African swine fever into the Federated States of Micronesia 2022
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    This report describes a risk assessment mission in the Federated States of Micronesia, undertaken by the EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) under FAO Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP/SAP/3801). The overall aim was to evaluate the risk of introducing the African swine fever virus (ASFV) into the Federated States of Micronesia and use the findings to propose recommendations that enable professionals, communities and key stakeholders to implement prevention and mitigation measures to reduce the impacts of African swine fever (ASF) incursion. ASF is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. It has emerged from Africa, spreading to eastern Europe, China and Southeast Asia. Due to ASF outbreaks in Asia and Papua New Guinea, Pacific Islands countries now prioritise preventing the introduction of ASF. A risk assessment of ASFV introduction is necessary for deciding which preventive actions would be most effective. The assessment of risk was conducted using the OIE import risk analysis framework. The most likely pathway for introducing ASFV into the Federated States of Micronesia was importing unauthorised pork products that international arrival passengers may bring in via airport or searport. Should infected products enter the Federated States of Micronesia, there is a distinct pathway for exposure because pigs are routinely fed food scraps (swill) from households. The likelihood of transmission of ASFV to other susceptible pigs was considered extremely high due to the lack of farm biosecurity and the presence of feral pigs. The assessment method was a systematic, qualitative import risk analysis of ASFV introduction to the Federated States of Micronesia. Results provide information about high-risk areas for ASF introduction, exposure and spread in FSM. They also identify gaps in control and prevention measures. The following steps are being proposed to minimise the likelihood of entry and exposure and the consequence of ASFV introduction.
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    Book (series)
    African Swine Fever in Georgia 2007
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    African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious virus infection of domestic pigs that is usually lethal and for which there is no vaccine. The potential distribution of the infection is global, and therefore most countries free of the infection take serious measures to prevent entry. Where the infection occurs, pig production is usually sustainable only by adoption of high levels of biosecurity. The disease is endemic in domestic and wild porcine species in most of sub-Saharan Africa and Sardin ia. Pigs become infected mainly through the oro-nasal route after contact with infected pigs or through feeding of virus-contaminated products (swill and garbage waste). In areas where vectors exist (Ornithodoros ticks), transmission via these vectors can be important for virus persistence in an area. In Africa, the presence of Ornithodorous moubata and the sub-clinically infected wildlife populations of warthogs maintain ASF virus; this means that in order to prevent infection, strict fencing is required of farms in eastern and southern African regions where warthogs are found.

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