EIFAC TECHNICAL PAPER
DOCUMENT TECHNIQUE DE LA CECPI
42/Suppl./2

Documents presented at the symposium on stock enhancement in the management of freshwater fisheries Documents présentés au symposium sur l'amélioration des stocks dans le cadre de l'aménagement des pêcheries d'eau douce CONTENTS/ TABLE DES MATIERES

Volume 2: Introductions and Transplantations
Introductions et transplantations

Held in Budapest, 31 May – 2 June 1982
in conjunction with the Twelfth Session of EIFAC

Tenu à Budapest du 31 mai au 2 juin 1982
à l'occasion de la douzième session de la CECPI

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n'impliquent de la part de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites.

M-43
ISBN 92-5-002102-X

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, mise en mémoire dans un système de recherche bibliographique ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit: électronique, mécanique, par photocopie ou autre, sans autorisation préalable. Adresser une demande motivée au Directeur de la Division des publications. Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome (Italie), en indiquant les passages ou illustrations en cause.

PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

This collection of papers represents the Proceedings of the Symposium on Stock Enhancement in the Management of Freshwater Fisheries, held in conjunction with the Twelfth Session of EIFAC (Budapest, Hungary, 31 May – 2 June 1982).

The Proceedings are in two volumes, which are supplementary to the Report of the Symposium issued in 1982 as EIFAC Technical Paper No. 42.

PREPARATION DE CE DOCUMENT

Cette ensemble de documents represents les actes du Symposium sur l'amélioration des stocks dans le cadre de l'aménagement des pêcheries d'eau douce, tenu à Budapest (Hongrie) du 31 mai au 2 juin 1982 à l'occasion de la douzième session de la CECPI.

Les actes sont presentés en deux volumes complémentaires au Rapport du Symposium émis par la CECPI en 1982 sous forme de document technique № 42.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1984

ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALIMENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE
Rome, 1984

Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.

This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software. FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.

Les liens hypertextes vers d'autres sites de l'Internet ne signifient nullement que l'Organisation approuve officiellement les opinions, idées, données ou produits qui y sont présentés, qu'elle en assume la responsabilité ou qu'elle garantit la validité des informations qui s'y trouvent. Leur seul objectif est d'indiquer où trouver un complément d'informations sur des thèmes apparentés.

Cette version numérique du document a été scannérisé en utilisant des logiciels de reconnaissance optique de texte (OCR). La FAO décline toute responsabilité pour les éventuelles différences pouvant apparaître dans ce document par rapport à la version imprimée originale.

CONTENTS

TABLE DES MATIERES

INTRODUCTION

THE IMPACT OF A TRANSPLANTED FORAGE FISH, THE ALEWIFE (Alosa pseudoharengus) ON A RESERVOIR FISHERY IN SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

C.C. Kohler

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     STUDY AREA

3.     ANALYSIS OF ALEWIFE FORAGE BASE

3.1     Abundance

3.2     Utilization by predators

3.3     Influence on predator growth

3.4     Alewife die-offs

3.5     Interspecific competition

3.6     Emigration

4.     PROGNOSIS

5.     TRANSPLANTATIONS, IMPACT PREDICTION AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

6.     REFERENCES

REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTS WITH INTRODUCTION AND ACCLIMATIZATION OF THE HUCHEN, Hucho hucho (LINNAEUS, 1758) (SALMONIDAE)

J. Holcik

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     RESULTS OF INTRODUCTIONS

2.1     Czechoslovakia

2.2     England

2.3     Switzerland

2.4     Morocco

2.5     Belgium

2.6     Poland

2.7     France

2.8     Sweden

2.9     Spain

2.10   Other countries

3.     IMPACT OF INTRODUCED HUCHEN UPON THE POPULATIONS OF NATIVE FISH

4.     REASONS OF FAILURE OF THE INTRODUCTION OF HUCHEN

5.     PRINCIPLES FOR SUCCESSFUL INTRODUCTION OF THE HUCHEN

6.     TO INTRODUCE OR NOT TO INTRODUCE THE HUCHEN?

7.     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

8.     REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION OF CARP (Cyprinus carpio (L.)) IN FINLAND

P. Ahlfors, P. Kummu and K. Westman

1.     INTRODUCTION

1.1     Early attempts at carp cultivation in Finland

1.2     Importation of present population to Finland

2.     METHODS USED FOR PRODUCING JUVENILES FOR STOCKING

2.1     General

2.2     Spawning and first summer

2.3     First winter

2.4     Second summer and winter

2.5     Brood fish

2.6     Accompanying fish in carp cultivation

3.     STOCKINGS

4.     THE SUCCESS OF CARP STOCKINGS

4.1     Tagging experiments

4.2     Loss of tags

4.3     Other factors affecting tag return

4.4     Reproduction

4.5     Growth and age

4.6     Predators, diseases, parasites

4.7     Behaviour, nutrition

5.     FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF CARP STOCKING

5.1     Age and size of stocked juveniles

5.2     Quality and latitude of stocking waters

6.     ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

6.1     Fishing

6.2     The valuation of carp

6.3     Profitability of carp stockings

6.4     Impact and compound effects of carp stockings

7.     THE EFFECT OF CARP ON THE STOCKING WATERS

8.     CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

9.     REFERENCES

HEAVY SILVER CARP (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.)) STOCKING IN LAKES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON INDIGENOUS FISH STOCKS

D. Barthelmes

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     MAIN RESULTS FROM CARP POND EXPERIMENTS

3.     PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM LAKES

4.     SUMMARY DISCUSSION

5.     REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION OF GRASS CARP (Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) INTO DENMARK

P.M. Markmann

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     DANISH PROVISIONS CONCERNING IMPORT AND STOCKING

3.     DANISH IMPORTS AND STOCKINGS 1978–82

3.1     Control programme

3.2      Stocking localities and densities

3.3     Growth, overwinter survival and weed reduction

3.4     Concluding remarks

4.     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

5.     REFERENCES

THE INTRODUCTION, SPREAD AND INFLUENCE OF THE BARBEL (Barbus barbus) IN THE RIVER SEVERN, GREAT BRITAIN

A.S. Churchward, P. Hickley and E. North

1.     INTRODUCTION

1.1     Geography of the Severn Basin

1.2     Fisheries

2.     BIOLOGY OF THE SEVERN BARBEL

2.1     Growth

2.2     Movement

2.3     Reproductive ecology

3.     THE INFLUENCE OF BARBEL ON ANGLERS' CATCHES

3.1     Development of the fishery

3.2     Present status of the fishery

4.     EVALUATION OF STOCKING

5.     REFERENCES

A CENTURY OF PIKEPERCH IN DENMARK

J. Dahl

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     HISTORY OF INTRODUCTIONS

3.     STOCKING PRACTICE

4.     YIELD

5.     THE FUTURE

THE IMPACT OF ZANDER (Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)) IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE FUTURE MANAGEMENT OF AFFECTED FISHERIES IN THE ANGLIAN REGION

R.S.J. Linfield

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     CURRENT DISTRIBUTION IN BRITAIN

3.     IMPACT OF THE SPECIES

4.     ZANDER CONTROL IN ANGLIA

4.1     Measures to restrict the further spread of the species

4.2     Future management of fisheries containing zander

4.3     Restoration of fisheries already adversely affected

5.     MONITORING THE OUTCOME OF THE MIDDLE LEVEL CULL

6.     DISCUSSION

7.     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

8.     REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION AND THE PRESENT STATUS OF BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill) IN NORWAY

M. Grande

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     INTRODUCTION OF BROOK TROUT IN NORWAY

3.     NATURALIZED POPULATIONS OF BROOK TROUT IN NORWAY

3.1     The Oyfjell populations

3.2     Other populations

4.     STOCKING OF BROOK TROUT

4.1     Experimental stocking in the Langtjern area

4.2     Experimental stocking in areas seriously altered by acid precipitation

4.3     Experimental stocking in sea water

4.4     Stocking for fishery purposes in acid waters

4.5     Stocking for sport fishery purposes in urban areas

5.     TOLERANCE OF BROOK TROUT TO ACID WATERS

5.1     Tests in acid stream water

5.2     Physiological tests

5.3     Information from literature

6.     SOME CONCLUSIONS AND TENTATIVE PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF BROOK TROUT IN ACID LAKES

6.1     Naturalized populations

6.2     Life cycle, food, age and growth

6.3     Water quality

6.4     Stocking strategy

6.5     Migrations

6.6     Fishing for brook trout

6.7     Further investigations

7.     REFERENCES

RESULTS OF LAKE TROUT STOCKINGS IN FINLAND 1957–81

A. Mutenia, O. Simola and O. Tuunainen

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE TROUT

3.     CULTIVATION OF LAKE TROUT

4.     TAGGED STOCKINGS CARRIED OUT IN 1957–68

4.1     General

4.2     Good lake results

4.3     Inconclusive or poor lake results

4.4     Results of sea stocking

5.     SAMPLE LAKE: LAKE INARI

5.1     General

5.2     Effect of water regulation on the char population in Lake Inari

5.3     Management of char population

5.4     Exploitation of lake trout

6.     REFERENCES

RESULT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF LAKE TROUT (LAKE CHARR, Salvelinus namaycush) INTO SWEDISH LAKES

A.P. Gonczi and N.-A. Nilsson

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     RESULTS

3.     REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CRAYFISH (Pacifastacus Ieniusculus (DANA)) INTO SWEDEN

M. Furst

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     STOCKING, REPRODUCTION AND VALUE

3.     THE CRAYFISH PLAGUE IN Pacifastacus AND Astacus

4.     REFERENCES

PRESENCE EN FRANCE D'ESPECES EXOTIQUES D'ECREVISSES PROVENANT D'INTRODUCTIONS RECENTES

P.J. Laurent, D. Vigneux et E. Vigneux

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     EVOLUTION DE LA LEGISLATION FRANCAISE EN MATIERE D'ACCLIMATATION

3.     LES ECREVISSES EN COURS D'ACCLIMATATION EN FRANCE

3.1     Ecrevisse à pattes grêles (Astacus leptodactylus Escholtz)

3.2     Ecrevisse de Californie (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana)

3.3     L'écrevisse rouge de Louisiane (Procambarus clarkii)

4.     REFERENCES

THE RESTORATION OF THE CRAYFISH (Astacus astacus) IN RIVER SIIKAJOKI, FINLAND

M. Pursiainen and K. Westman

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     RIVER SIIKAJOKI AS AN ENVIRONMENT FOR CRAYFISH

2.1     Water quality

2.2     Discharge and water level fluctuations

2.3     Crayfish habitats

3.     CRAYFISH IN THE RIVER BEFORE STOCKING

4.     STOCKING TRIALS

5.     TEST TRAPPING AND RESULTS

5.1     Catches

5.2     The condition of the crayfish

6.     DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

7.     REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION OF THE AMERICAN CRAYFISH (Pacifastacus leniusculus) IN FINLAND; IMPACT ON THE NATIVE CRAYFISH (Astacus astacus)

K. Westman and M. Pursiainen

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     INTRODUCTION OF SIGNAL CRAYFISH

3.     PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF SIGNAL CRAYFISH

4.     REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION ET ACCLIMATATION DE POISSONS D'EAU DOUCE EN FRANCE; HISTORIQUE ET BILAN

J. Allardi

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     ANALYSE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE

2.1     Famille des Acipenseridae

2.2     Famille des Salmonidae

2.3     Famille des Cyprinidae

2.4     Famille des Ictaluridae

2.5     Famille des Poecilidae

2.6     Famille des Centrarchidae

2.7     Famille des Percidae

3.     DISCUSSION

4.     REFERENCES

A REVIEW OF FISH AND CRAYFISH INTRODUCTIONS MADE IN FINLAND

K. Westman and P. Tuunainen

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     NEW FISH AND CRAYFISH SPECIES

2.1     General

2.2     Siberian whitefish (Coregonus peled)

2.3     Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

2.4     Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tsawytscha)

2.5     Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2.6     Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

2.7     Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

2.8     Splake (Salvelinus namaycush × S. fontinalis)

2.9     Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

2.10   “Galician” tench (Tinca tinca spp.)

2.11   Smallmouth black bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

2.12   Bigmouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides)

2.13   Signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)

3.     RISK FACTORS CONNECTED WITH INTRODUCTIONS OF EXOTIC SPECIES

4.     PROCEDURES TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW SPECIES

5.     REFERENCES

THE EFFECTS OF FRESHWATER FISH INTRODUCTIONS INTO IRELAND

P. Fitzmaurice

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     SPECIES KNOWN TO HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED

2.1     Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)

2.2     Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

2.3     Pike (Esox lucius)

2.4     Catfish (Ictalurus melas)

2.5     Dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) and roach (Rutilus rutilus)

2.6     Tench (Tinca tinca) and carp (Cyprinus carpio)

3.     EFFECTS AND STATUS OF THE INTRODUCTIONS

4.     REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION DE NOUVELLES ESPECES DE POISSONS DANS LES PECHERIES D'EAU DOUCE DE LA ROUMANIE

N. Bacalbasa-Dobrovici

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     ESPECES ACCLIMATEES NATURELLEMENT

2.1     Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus) 1758

2.2     Ictalurus nebolusus nebulosus (Le Sueur) 1819

3.     INTRODUCTION DES ANGUILLIDAE

4.     INTRODUCTION DES SALMONIDAE

4.1     Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons 1855

4.2     Salvelinus fontinalis fontinalis (Mitchill) 1815

4.3     Coregonus lavaretus maraenoides Poljakow 1874

4.4     Coregonus albula ladogensis Pravdin 1948

5.     INTRODUCTION DES CYPRINIDAE

5.1     Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.)

5.1.1   Développement et rythme de croissance

5.1.2   Nutrition et lutte contre la végétation

5.1.3   La mise en valeur des ressources végétales du Delta du Danube

5.1.4   Reproduction et extension

5.1.5   Maladies et parasites

5.1.6   Pêche

5.2     Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.)

5.3     Aristichthys nobilis (Rich.)

5.4     Mylopharyngodon piceus (Rich.)

5.5     Pseudorasbora parva (Schlegel)

6.     INTRODUCTION DES POECILIIDAE

7.     INTRODUCTION DES CATASTOMIDAE

8.     BIBLIOGRAPHIE

THE EXOTIC ICHTHYOFAUNA OF THE CONTIGUOUS UNITED STATES WITH PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON INTERANATIONAL TRANSPLANTS

W.R. Courtenay, Jr. and J.N. Taylor

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     SPORT AND FOOD FISHES

3.     BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

4.     AQUACULTURE

5.     FORAGE

6.     AQUARIUM FISHES

7.     EXOTIC FISHES FROM OTHER SOURCES

8.     PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING INTRANATIONAL TRANSPLANTS

9.     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

10.   REFERENCES

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ROLE OF INTRODUCED SPECIES OF FISH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INLAND FISHERIES

J. Holcik

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     THE POOR SUCCESS OF INTRODUCTIONS

3.     ADVERSE EFFECTS

4.     CAN INTRODUCTIONS INCREASE THE YIELD OF FISH?

5.     NATURE OF FISH COMMUNITY

6.     CONCLUSIONS

7.     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

8.     REFERENCES

THE NICHE CONCEPT AND THE INTRODUCTION OF EXOTICS

N.-A. Nilsson

1.     THE NICHE CONCEPT

2.     SOME PALEARCTIC EXAMPLES

2.1     Rejection

2.2     Hybridization

2.3     Elimination

2.4     Vacant niches

3.     SUMMARY

4.     REFERENCES

REDUCING THE RISK OF FISH INTRODUCTIONS: A RATIONAL APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF INTEGRATED COLDWATER COMMUNITIES

R.A. Ryder and S.R. Kerr

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

3.     GLACIAL LAKES

4.     CASE HISTORIES

4.1     The sea lamprey

4.2     The smallmouth bass

4.3     The cisco

5.     DISCUSSION

6.     CONCLUSION

7.     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

8.     REFERENCES

PARASITE RANGE EXTENSION BY INTRODUCTION OF FISH TO HUNGARY

K. Molnar

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.     RESULTS

4.     DISCUSSION

5.     REFERENCES

IMPLEMENTATION OF A REVIEW AND DECISION MODEL FOR EVALUATING PROPOSED INTRODUCTIONS OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA

C.C. Kohler and J.G. Stanley

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     MODEL REFINEMENT

3.     THE PROTOCOL

3.1     Protocol Committee

3.2     Opinionnaire

3.3     Review and decision model

3.4     Research facility requirements

3.5     Permit, transportation and disease-free certification requirements

3.6     Report requirements

4.     PLANNING

5.     CONCLUSION

6.     REFERENCES

EXOTIC FISH SPECIES ACCLIMATIZED IN HUNGARIAN NATURAL WATERS

J. Toth and P. Biro

1.     INTRODUCTIONS INTO HUNGARIAN WATERS

2.     REFERENCES