FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 446
Improving Penaeus monodon
hatchery practices
Manual based on experience in India
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FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 446 Improving Penaeus monodon Manual based on experience in India |
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
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© FAO 2007
| FAO Improving Penaeus monodon hatchery practices. Manual based on experience in India. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 446. Rome, FAO. 2007.101p. Abstract The successful farming of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in India is mainly due to the
existence of some 300 hatcheries whose capacity to produce 12 000 million postlarvae
(PL) annually has provided an assured supply of seed. However, the sustainability of
the sector is still hampered by many problems, foremost among these being a reliance
on wild-caught broodstock whose supply is limited both in quantity and in seasonal
availability and that are often infected with pathogens. The current low quality of
hatchery produced PL due to infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and
other pathogens entering the hatcheries via infected broodstock, contaminated intake
water or other sources due to poor hatchery management practices, including inadequate
biosecurity, is a major obstacle to achieving sustainable shrimp aquaculture in India
and the Asia-Pacific region. Considering the major contribution of the tiger shrimp to
global shrimp production and the economic losses resulting from disease outbreaks, it
is essential that the shrimp-farming sector invest in good management practices for the
production of healthy and quality seed. |
Preparation of this document (Download 
597 kb)
Abstract
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and Acronyms
253 kb)
1.1 Shrimp hatchery development in india2. MAJOR REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE (Download Full 2
875 kb)2.1 Infrastructure (Download
2.2 Facility maintenance (Download
2.2.1 Maintenance of machinery
2.2.2 Regular cleaning and disinfection water,
aeration and drainage pipelines
2.2.3 Maintenance of tanks
2.2.4 Maintenance of filters (slow sand, rapid, cartridge, UV/Ozone)
2.3 Inlet water quality and treatment (Download 2.3 to 2.9
2.3.1 Quality of intake water and treatment options
2.3.2 Inlet water treatment protocol
2.3.3 Seawater intake
2.3.4 Sedimentation/sand filtration of inlet water
2.3.5 Disinfection of inlet water using chlorine
2.4 Wastewater treatment
2.5 Biosecurity
2.6 Standard operating procedures (Sops)
2.7 Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) approach
2.8 Chemical use during the hatchery production process
2.9 Health assessment
3. PRE-SPAWNING PROCEDURES (Download Full 32.9.1 Level 1 health assessment techniques
2.9.2 Level 2 health assessment techniques
2.9.3 Level 3 health assessment techniques
683 kb)
3.1 Wild broodstock (Download4. POST-SPAWNING PROCEDURES (Download Full 43.1.1 The broodstock capture fishery3.2 Domesticated and SPF/SPR/SPT (Download 3.2 to 3.15
3.1.2 Broodstock quality
3.1.3 Pollution
broodstock
3.3 Broodstock landing centres and holding techniques
3.4 Broodstock selection and transport from landing/auction centres
3.5 Broodstock utilization
3.6 Broodstock quarantine
3.7 Broodstock health screening
3.8 Broodstock maturation
3.9 Broodstock nutrition
3.10 Broodstock spawning
3.11 Egg hatching
3.12 Nauplius selection
3.13 Egg/nauplius disinfection and washing3.13.1 Eggs3.14 Holding and disease testing of nauplii
3.13.2 Nauplii
3.15 Transportation of nauplii
627 kb)4.1 Larval-rearing unit preparation (Download 4.1 to 4.55. REFERENCES (Download
4.2 Larval rearing/health management4.2.1 Stocking rate4.3 Larval nutrition and feed management
4.2.2 Water exchange protocols
4.2.3 Siphoning of wastes
4.2.4 Aeration
4.2.5 Water quality monitoring
4.2.6 Chemical/antibiotic use
4.2.7 Use of probiotics to replace antibiotics
4.2.8 Responsible use of antibiotics4.3.1 Use of live algae4.4 Important larval diseases
4.3.2 Artemia use
4.3.3 Artificial feeds4.4.1 Monodon baculovirus (MBV)4.5 General assessment of larval condition
4.4.2 White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)
4.4.3 Baculoviral midgut gland necrosis virus (BMNV)
4.4.4 Vibriosis
4.4.5 Larval mycosis
4.4.6 Ciliate infestation
4.4.7 Swollen hind gut (SHG)
4.4.8 Diseases of unknown aetiology4.5.1 Level 1 Health assessment observations4.6 Quality testing/selection of PL for stocking (Download 4.6 to 4.11
4.5.2 Level 2 Health assessment observations
4.5.3 Level 3 Health assessment techniques
4.7 PL harvest and transportation
4.8 Nursery rearing
4.9 Timing of PL stocking
4.10 Use of multiple species in shrimp hatcheries
4.11 Documentation and record keeping
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