In Argentina, families from the countryside decide to remain in their areas or reproduce themselves in new places, resorting to direct production, under technological conditions that seek to maintain independence from external supplies, and deploying modes for controlling resources anchored in the community. While some of these situations take place in the context of experiences of collective action, others respond to the socioeconomic challenges faced in everyday familiar realms. We are living a process in which the peasant identity is politically activated; a process that becomes visible in the growing emergence of organizations that define themselves as part of the peasantry. Under these conditions, we observe in different rural spaces the elaboration of a peasant perspective, which we attempt to characterize, aimed at facing the challenges posed by agrarian transformations and in the forms of control and appropriation of natural resources.