As agroecology has increasingly been brought into the international dialogue on the future of food and agriculture, there have been calls for building the evidence base of its performance across the multiple dimensions of sustainability and its capacity to achieve multiple SDGs. In response to this need, FAO coordinated the participatory development of the Tool for Agroecology Performance Evaluation (TAPE), whose general objective is to produce consolidated evidence on the extent and contextual use of agroecological practices and the performance of agroecological systems globally. TAPE is an innovative and holistic framework and process that can support projects (among other uses) to include an agroecological approach to ensure that transformational contextualized practices for regenerated landscapes and sustainable livelihoods are developed and spread throughout targeted areas. TAPE has already been tested in more than 30 countries by different actors for different purposes and has recently been used to support IFAD’s Regeneration of Landscapes and Livelihoods (ROLL) project development in Lesotho. In this document, the results of the implementation of TAPE in Lesotho for the baseline assessment of the ROLL project are presented. The framework was implemented in 200 production systems across 4 agroecological zones, 5 districts and 19 distinct landscapes. The use of TAPE in these territories provided important data and key information about the overall sustainability of farms measured by different indicators of performance. It also provided insights on how the level of agroecological transition measured with the 10 Elements of Agroecology links with the multidimensional performance of the evaluated systems. This study is divided into 6 Chapters: Chapter 1 provides a contextualization of agriculture and food systems in Lesotho and presents the ROLL project’s objectives in the country; Chapter 2 describes the sampling strategy and defines the typologies of production systems identified in the target areas; Chapter 3 characterizes the level of agroecological transition in Lesotho; Chapter 4 provides evidence on how more advanced agroecological systems in the country are more productive and more resilient, even if there is room for advancing in the process of transition for increased overall sustainability; Chapter 5 summarizes the findings of the study; and Chapter 6 provides suggestions and recommendations on how and why the ROLL project can and should support the different processes of agroecological transition in Lesotho through specific context-relevant interventions identified by the TAPE tool and its process of use.