This Technical Bulletin is the first in a series produced by the Women's Livelihoods and Dairy Goat Project being implemented in Afghanistan and Pakistan. This IFAD-funded project aims to improve rural livelihoods in marginal, conflict and post-conflict areas of the two countries. Hygienic milk production, handling and processing are key issues in promoting livestock production. Better hygiene can significantly improve the health of producers as well as consumers, but in rural areas in Afghanistan and Pakistan there has been little or no effort to promote these simple technologies. This Technical Bulletin is intended to serve as an extension aid for facilitators and livestock producers to improve the hygienic production and processing of milk. This is particularly important in areas where zoonotic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and brucellosis are prevalent, affecting both animals and people. Transmission of such diseases can be greatly reduced by following the guidelines described in this booklet.