With the intensification of the crisis, food insecurity and poverty have drastically increased across all of Syria. At the same time, the crisis continues to affect the national economic and social balance in countries neighbouring Syria. The massive influx of refugees is exerting unprecedented pressure on host countries and communities, which are struggling to provide sufficient supplies and services to refugees, of whom the vast majority live outside of camps. With the aim to protect, restore and strengthen food security and livelihoods of vulnerable rural and peri-urban households and communities and the agroecosystems on which their livelihoods depend, this Strategy tailors short- and medium-term actions to address specific needs of the main groups affected by the crisis, including Syrian internally displaced persons (IDPs) and affected populations, refugees, returnees, host communities and national and local authorities.Activities within the Strategy concentrate on four focus areas, which can be broadly categorized as: (i) improved food security and nutrition through support to small crop and livestock production; (ii) promotion of sustainable livelihoods and employment opportunities; (iii) enhancement of sustainable use of natural resources; and (iv) capacity-building efforts and food security and agriculture sector needs analysis and coordination.