This report begins to address the vast gap in knowledge about the roles and experiences of women in extensive livestock management systems in Spain. Throughout recent history, women’s roles in these systems have been largely invisible and no research has systematically examined the experiences of women pastoralists. The methodology applied includes a systematic evidence map of peer-reviewed, indexed research articles on rural women to determine what research had already been done on this domain. In the following step, the report addressed this knowledge gap through a qualitative study based on semi-structured life-history type interviews and participant observation.