Agroecological transitions require not only innovative farming practices but also robust policies and societal support to shift from agribusiness-driven cycles to systems that prioritize local ecologies and communities. This study investigates how these determinants—such as public policies, market structures, and cultural shifts—can foster agroecology as a dominant regime using a multi-level perspective. The case of Kerala, India, offers a valuable example of this transformation, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In response to the pandemic's disruptions, the Government of Kerala launched the "Subhiksha Keralam" (Self-Sufficient Kerala) initiative, implementing bottom-up strategies to realign food systems toward agroecological principles. By addressing user preferences and strengthening societal values alongside policy reforms, the program encouraged homestead farmers to adopt more resilient and ecologically sound practices. Data from the study reveal that a significant number of farms transitioned to advanced stages of agroecology during this period, reflecting the effectiveness of government-led nudges and strategic interventions.

Kerala's experience demonstrates how targeted support for agroecological transitions can prevent the entrenchment of industrial agriculture models. By focusing on systemic change rather than isolated projects, the region showcased how community-driven initiatives, paired with supportive policies, can reshape food systems and enhance resilience in times of crisis.