This article discusses the prevalent monoculture-based agricultural practices in Africa, highlighting their significant economic and environmental drawbacks, including high costs, contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, and adverse effects on biodiversity and soil health. It advocates for agroecology as a sustainable alternative, emphasizing methods such as nitrogen fixation through legume planting, conserving natural habitats to support beneficial predators, diversifying crops to mitigate pest outbreaks, and reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides and herbicides. The article underscores the need for supportive policies and funding to promote agroecology, recognizing the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research to enhance food security and environmental sustainability across the continent.