生态农业知识中心

协同作用: 协同作用能提升粮食系统的关键职能,支持生产和多重生态系统服务

生态农业注重多样化系统的设计,这些系统有选择性地将一年生和多年生作物、家畜和水生动物、林木、土壤、水以及其他农场和农业景观的组成部分结合起来,在气候不断变化的背景下加强协同作用。

加强粮食系统内的协同作用能带来多重惠益。通过优化生物协同作用,生态农业措施能提高生态功能,实现更高的资源使用效率和恢复能力。例如,从全球范围看,在间种或轮作系统中豆类发挥的生物固氮作用相当于每年节省近1000万美元的氮肥开支,同时还能改善土壤健康,提高减缓和适应气候变化的能力。而且,用于作物的大约15%的氮素来自于家畜的粪便,凸显了畜牧业与作物生产相结合所产生的协同作用。在亚洲,综合性水稻系统将水稻栽培与鱼、鸭、林木等其他产品的生产结合起来。综合性水稻系统通过实现协同作用极大地提升了单产、膳食多样化、杂草防除、土壤结构和肥力,并提供了生物多样性生境、实现了虫害防治。

在景观层面,要提高协同作用就必须在时间和空间上同步生产性活动。利用朱缨花绿篱控制土壤侵蚀在东非高地的综合性生态农业系统中十分常见。在这个例子中,通过定期修剪的管理措施,减少林木与在绿篱间生长的作物之间形成竞争,同时为动物提供饲料,在不同组成部分之间带来了协同作用。游牧和粗放型放牧系统协调人类、多物种畜群和多变环境情况之间的复杂互动,加强抵御能力,并促进实现种子散播、生境保护和土壤肥力等生态系统服务, 。来了协同作用。游牧和粗放型放牧系统协调人类、多物种畜群和多变环境情况之间的复杂互动,加强抵御能力,并促进实现种子散播、生境保护和土壤肥力等生态系统服务。

尽管生态农业措施努力实现协同作用最大化,但是在自然和人类系统中经常存在取舍。例如,在资源使用和获取权的分配中就经常存在取舍。为在更广泛的粮食系统内促进协同作用并以最佳方式管理取舍,生态农业强调了不同规模的各行为方加强伙伴关系、合作和负责任治理的重要性。

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The First Chilean Congress of Agroecology, organized by the University of La Frontera and the Chilean chapter of the Latin American Scientific Society of Agroecology (SOCLA-Chile), will be held at the Pucón Campus of the University of La Frontera during the 17 and 18 of October 2019. Under the slogan...
Chile
活动
2019
'Sembrando Capacidades' - a trilateral South-South cooperation project between Brazil, Colombia and FAO is coming to an end after two years of work focused on strengthening instruments and policies for a peasant, family, and community agriculture in Colombia through knowledge management and the exchange of experiences between the two countries in four areas:...
Colombia
项目
2021
Since 2003, the Brazilian Congress of Agroecology (CBA) has been held with the active and wide participation of educational, research and extension institutions and organized civil society involved with the demands of family farming and family production logics in general. Initially thought as a space for valuing agroecology as a...
Brazil
活动
2019
For the majority of Africans, around 70%, their ecological, economic and social agenda is tied to agriculture. This dependence on agriculture means massive vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Dealing with the climate crisis is key to ensuring resilience, food sovereignty, justice and livelihoods for Africa. Agroecology is increasingly considered...
Ethiopia
活动
2019
The ''Workshop on Challenges for Agroecology Development for the Building of Sustainable Agri-food Systems'' will be held at the University of Chile on 11-13 November 2019. The aim of the workshop is to promote the transition from conventional agriculture towards agroecology as a science, practice and social movement, sharing the experiences of different...
Chile
活动
2019